黄土高原复杂地形受中尺度运动影响的稳定边界层湍流特征

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University,简称SACOL)2008年12月观测资料,研究了稳定边界层湍流特征.使用涡动相关资料研究湍流通量时,定义湍流的平均时间τ内的中尺度运动是造成湍流统计量变化范围大的主要原因,稳定情形? τ取几十秒至几分钟.对梯度理查森数大于0.3的强稳定情形的湍流尺度分解(MRD)谱分析表明,感热通量在112.4～449.9 s存在谱隙,尺度大于谱隙的中尺度运动造成了通量观测资料离散性大,甚至有支配性影响.动量通量的谱隙在112.4～224.9 s之间.弱风时,中尺度运动的影响更大,垂直风速标准差以0.1的比率随中尺度风速变化;垂直风速标准差同广义风速表现出很好的相关性,并随着广义风速消失而消失.三维风速标准差与摩擦速度呈很好的线性关系,垂直、水平、横风风速的无量纲标准差分别为1.35、2.54、2.21.对湍流动能的研究发现,在梯度理查森数大于0.3的条件下,仍然存在连续的湍流.以湍动能为依据,分析了湍流的平稳时间长度,其长度随稳定度变化而变化,2008年12月7～11日从133.5 s变化到856.2 s,湍流平稳时间长度反映了中尺度运动的发生频率.     

Algorithm for HF radar vector current measurements

A new algorithm is proposed, called the stream function method (SFM) for producing vector current maps from radial data measured by dual-site high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). In SFM, a scalar stream function is constructed under some oceanographic assumptions. The function describes the two-dimensional (2-D) ocean surface water motion and is used to obtain the distribution of vector currents. The performance of SFM is evaluated using simulated radial data, which demonstrates that SFM has advantages over typical vectorial combination methods (VCM) both in error acceptance and robustness, and excels another method based on least-squares fitting (LSF) in recovering the complicated current models. Furthermore, SFM is capable of providing the total currents based on radials from single-site radar. We also test the assumptions of horizontal non-divergence in the simulation. The new algorithm is applied to the field experiment data of Wuhan University’s ocean state measuring and analyzing radar (OSMAR), collected in the coastal East China Sea during April 11–17, 2004. Quantitative comparisons are given between radar results by three current algorithms and in-situ current meter measurements. Preliminary analysis of the vertical current shear is given based on the current meter measurements.     

东海沿岸海域牡蛎体内的重金属含量及其污染评价

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、冷原子吸收光度法对2007年6月份在东海沿岸海域采集的牡蛎(Ostreasp.)样品中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Hg、Ni共8种重金属进行了分析。结果表明:牡蛎体内重金属含量之间存在明显差异,Cu和Zn的含量显著高于其它重金属的含量,且两者之间存在有显著的正相关关系。与海洋贝类的生物质量标准相比,牡蛎体内的重金属含量基本上都还没有超过各自的第二和第三类评价标准,这说明当前东海沿岸海域牡蛎的生物质量总体上尚较好。各类重金属在东海沿岸海域的空间分布基本上以长江口含量为最高,其余海域含量较低,各海域重金属污染程度可分为三类,第一类环境质量较好,第二类环境质量一般,第三类海域环境污染程度较严重,人类活动是污染的主要来源。     

锈蚀钢筋在疲劳荷载作用下压磁场分布研究

针对锈蚀钢筋的疲劳损伤与寿命评估中的难度大、精度低等问题,引入压磁检测技术,对锈蚀钢筋疲劳过程中的压磁场分布进行检测,从宏观与微观相结合的角度分析压磁场分布与疲劳损伤之间的联系。试验结果表明,锈蚀钢筋的压磁场分布能够反映疲劳损伤的演变规律,疲劳后期非线性特征加剧,锈蚀率及应力幅越大则变化越为明显,磁感强度值、磁场分布梯度、"反转"现象等均有助于进行疲劳损伤评价与寿命预测。研究结果可为压磁无损检测技术在钢筋混凝土结构中的应用提供依据。     

北黄海海域复杂构造区三维地震精细解释技术

研究工区位于北黄海海域陆相断陷沉积盆地内,该区多期构造运动叠加,断裂发育,地震资料品质差。中生代为其主要勘探目的层,为一已证实的含油气区域。结合本区地质特点,对该区进行三维地震解释时所采用的综合解释技术进行了总结,主要包括三维地震资料品质分级评价技术、无VSP井区空间层位标定技术、层位自动追踪技术、三维可视化解释、多属性体断裂解释技术和变速成图技术等实用的解释技术。多种解释手段的联合应用高质高速地完成了本复杂构造区的构造精细解释,完善了该区的解释方案,理顺了复杂断层的切割关系,识别了活动较弱的小断层。特别是对高精度三维速度场的建立,实现了变速成图,消除了高陡构造区速度陷阱所带来的构造假象,为对该复杂区的地震解释和圈闭形态的落实以及进一步的井位部署与地质评价提供了依据。     

青藏高原近40年来的降水变化特征

利用我国青藏高原地区的1961-2000年56个气象站的逐月降水资料,通过计算降水量的距平百分率,分析了青藏高原自1961至2000年以来降水量变化的趋势和1961-2000年以来各季降水量变化趋势,发现:青藏高原近40年来降水量呈增加趋势,降水量的线性增长率约为1.12mm/a。再将高原划分为四个季节,分析了各季40年来的降水量的变化情况得出:春季降水量年际变化较大,秋季降水量变化不明显。夏季降水量值较大而降水变化幅度较小,冬季降水量变化则与夏季相反。通过将青藏高原分为南北两个地区,分析了两个区的年降水量和四个季节的降水量的变化得出:高原南区1961-2000年降水量呈增加的趋势,降水量的线增长率为1.97 mm/a,春季和冬季降水量年际变化较大,夏季降水量变化不明显,秋季降水量略有增加;北区年降水量和夏季的降水量变化较小,秋季降水量的年际变化较大,冬季降水量变化最大。对青藏高原的南北两区用Mann-Kendall方法进行突变分析,显示高原南区分别在1978年和1994年发生突变,北区没有发现突变。     

Effects of precipitation and landuse on runoff during the past 50 years in a typical watershed in the Loess Plateau, China

In the past century, great progress has been made worldwide in our understanding of forest-water relationship. The successful forestation programs implemented in China-which have improved the ecological environmental conditions-have gained the attention of many researchers and highlighted the relationship between forestation and water yields. The arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau has received attention from water engineers and eco-hydrological researchers in China because of a shortage in water resources. We selected one of the oldest stations conducting soil and water conservation experiments, the Xifeng soil and water conservation station, and chose the Nanxiaohe catchment and its paired catchments （Yangjiagou catchment and Dongzhuanggou catchment） as our research areas. Trends in precipitation, air temperature, streamflow over the past 50 years, and the effect of changing land use on streamflow were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall test showed that precipitation had a negative trend （downward trend）, whereas air temperature showed a positive trend （upward trend） from the past to present in the Nanxiaohe catchment. However, the trends seen in precipitation, air temperature did not contain any ＂jumping points.＂ The paired catchment approach is used to detect the effects of land cover change on hydrology in the Yangjiagou and the contrast catchment, i.e., Dongzhuanggou catchment in our study. The results showed a large change in land use in the Yangjiagou catchment from 1954 to 2008. An increase in forested land （from 0% to 40.08% from 1954 to 2008） and a reduction of bare land （from 51.26% to 5.50% from 1954 to 2008） accounted for a large part of the change in land use. However, the land use changed little in the contrast catchment. The comparison of streamfiow in the paired catchments showed that forestation reduced streamflow by 49.63% （or 6.5 mm） each year.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central–Eastern Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range

The southern Great Xing’an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China. However, the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic ”flare-up“ event remains uncertain. This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence, petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner, central-eastern Inner Mongolia. These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(wi...     

形变地球对不同驱动力的响应

地球形变位移场和重力场的时空变化无论在基础理论研究,还是在地理空间信息建设中都具有重要的意义.地球在各种力学机制的作用下产生了形变,形变又导致地球引力位的变化,即形变附加位或Euler引力位增量.基于矢量球函数的基本理论,讨论了引潮力、负载力和地表应力对地球形变和引力位增量的影响,给出了均匀不可压缩地球模型的Euler引力位增量的具体表达式和Love数的理论关系.可为地球形变的理论研究提供参考和依据.     

Periodic exposure to ambient solar irradiance benefits the growth of juvenile seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis

In our trials, from 2007 to 2008, of mass production of seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis using synchronization techniques, problems of a dark thalli phenomenon and epiphytes contamination severely threatened the health of juvenile seedlings. In this investigation, we optimized conditions for improving the growth of juvenile seedlings. Seven string collectors were seeded with zygotes and a series of experiments were conducted including direct exposure to solar irradiance, co-culture with Ulva spp. and treatme...