高桩码头抗震简化分析方法

国际贸易的迅速发展,加快了港口工程建设的速度,同时对港口工程的抗震性能提出了更高的要求。高桩码头作为港口工程中最常用的结构型式之一,在我国港口工程建设方面得到了广泛应用。目前对高桩码头的抗震简化分析方法以及桩基特性对高桩码头地震响应的影响方面研究较少。基于此,本文利用开源有限元数值计算平台OpenSees,介绍了高桩码头简化分析方法模型的建立途径,并分析了桩基特性参数对高桩码头关键地震响应量的影响。研究结果表明：钢筋弹性模量对码头桩基的地震响应影响较小,可减少考虑;钢筋的强化阶段对截面达到屈服曲率后的弯矩承载力起主要作用;混凝土抗压强度的增加可降低结构的位移响应峰值;过大或过小的混凝土抗压强度和钢筋屈服强度,都不利于码头结构对地震能量的耗散。     

The effects of aquifer heterogeneity on the 3D numerical simulation of soil and groundwater contamination at a chlor-alkali site in China

The simulation of groundwater flow and solute transport at contaminated sites often neglects the important influence that aquifer heterogeneity can have on the sub-surface distribution of contaminants. In this paper, the method of transition probability for geological statistics (T-PROGS) included in the Groundwater Model System (GMS) was applied to a chlor-alkali-contaminated site that was sampled with 68 soil borings and 15 groundwater monitoring wells. A 3-D groundwater numerical model and solute transport model was developed that was constrained by soil and groundwater data from the site. The spatial distribution of chloroethylene concentrations was simulated for a number of times using the levels measured in the field as a baseline. The results of these simulations showed that shapes and distribution of contaminant plumes are irregular both vertically and horizontally. The solute-transport simulations indicated that much of the contamination will preferentially move in groundwater through silt and fine-sands whereas flow is largely blocked in clays. Consequently, fine sand and silts become the most seriously polluted zones at the site, whereas, areas underlain by clays are largely uncontaminated. Heterogeneous lithologies beneath a site increase the complexity of coupling simulations of soil and groundwater.     

STUDY ON THE MRF-BASED METHOD FOR DAMAGED BUILDINGS EXTRACTION FROM THE SINGLE-PHASE SEISMIC IMAGE

Earthquake events are one of the most extraordinarily serious natural calamities, which not only cause heavy casualties and economic losses, but also various secondary disasters. Such events are devastating, and have far-reaching influences. As the main disaster bearing body in earthquake, buildings are often seriously damaged, thus it can be used as an important reference for earthquake damage assessment. Identifying damaged buildings from post-earthquake images quickly and accurately is of real importance, which has guidance meaning to rescue and emergency response. At present, the assessment of earthquake damage is mainly through artificial field investigation, which is time-consuming and cannot meet the urgent requirements of rapid emergency response. Markov Random Field(MRF)combines the neighborhood system of pixels with the prior distribution model to effectively describe the dependence between spatial pixels and pixels, so as to obtain more accurate segmentation results. The support vector machine(SVM)model is a simple and clear mathematical model which has a solid theoretical basis; in addition, it also has unique advantages in solving small sample, nonlinear and high-dimensional pattern recognition problems. Thus, in this paper, a Markov random field-based method for damaged buildings extraction from the single-phase seismic image is proposed. The framework of the proposed method has three components. Firstly, Markov Random Field was used to segment the image; then, the spectral and texture features of the post-earthquake damaged building area are extracted. After that, Support Vector Machine was used to extract the damaged buildings according to the extracted features. In order to evaluate the proposed method, 5 areas in ADS40 earthquake remote sensing image were selected as experimental data, this image covers parts of Wenchuan City, Sichuan Province, where an earthquake had struck in 2008. And in order to verify the applicability of this method to different resolution images, an experimental area was selected from different resolution images obtained by the same equipment. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance and could effectively identify the damaged buildings after the earthquake. The average overall accuracy of the selected experimental areas is 93.02%. Compared with the result extracted by the widely used eCognition software, the proposed method is simpler in operation and can improve the extraction accuracy and running time significantly. Therefore, it has significant meaning for both emergency rescue work and accurate disaster information providing after earthquake.     

利用DE算法反演地壳速度模型和地震定位

利用差异演化（Differential Evolution）非线性全局优化算法,设计了一种反演地壳速度模型和进行地震定位的方法,并给出了反演结果的具体分析.利用有限差分算法计算速度模型的走时场,可以节省大量的计算量,加快计算过程.反演得到的地壳速度模型和地震的震源参数可以直接用于地震层析成像研究,还可以利用地震层析成像得到的三维速度结构对地震重新定位,从而得到较为精确的震源参数.地壳速度模型的反演方法也可以用于三维速度结构的反演.     

基于多源信息融合理论的盐湖资源综合动态监测及预警系统设计与实现

近年来随着人类开采力度的不断加大和全球气候变化的影响,盐湖资源系统正在发生着急剧变化,盐湖生产对环境的影响也日渐突出。将多源信息融合理论与动态综合监测理论相结合,基于GIS、物联网和无线通讯技术,从相互关联的环境、资源和产业多个子系统中选取关键监测指标,从构建理论、构建原则、技术体系和系统结构等方面对构建盐湖资源综合监测系统进行全面设计;并结合青海吉乃尔盐湖区具体实际,在监测站网的最优化布局、传感器选型、数据传输方案和多源数据整合方面开展深入探讨;最后对水灾、环境、生产等预警模型的预警层次和预警模式提出具体实现路径。对保障盐湖产业可持续发展与生产安全,保证西部国民经济、社会和谐发展具有重要意义。     

利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究

数字露头模型技术（DOM）是利用三维可视化技术虚拟露头表面,建立由一系列结构多边形构成的初步模型体,进而在模型体上叠加露头剖面所有数字化地质信息,包括三维地面激光雷达数据、遥感图像、高精度灰度照片、探地雷达数据等露头地质剖面所有地质学信息数字化数据,实现多种地质特征综合解释与测量的数字露头模型技术,已在野外露头剖面上沉积体系三维储层建模、岩性分类、构造断裂精细解译等方面研究发挥作用。本文为准确刻画沉积体系砂体与储集层空间分布特征,尝试利用数字露头模型技术,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组曲流河三角洲平原河道砂体空间分布特征精确测量与描述,实测不同位置河道砂体储集性能,并利用探地雷达数据预测露头区域地下砂体形态特征,综合建立砂体三维空间分布模型,为储层精细对比研究提供依据。数字露头模型显示:（1）潭家河剖面河道形态明显,砂体呈顶平底凸的透镜体,横向延伸192 m,最厚处约14 m,河道与围岩切割关系明显,内部为4期沉积充填,整体表现为复合正韵律;（2）曲流河三角洲平原的分支河道砂体呈孤立状,砂体侧向迁移,垂向多期叠加,砂体在探地雷达剖面上反射特征表明,地面之下曲流河三角洲平原的分支河道砂体也呈孤立状,横向迁移频繁;横向上不同期次砂体宽度分别为192.4 m、32.54 m、41.83 m以及79.97 m,厚度对应为14 m、4.52 m、3.85 m以及5.66 m,宽厚比平均为12∶1;（3）典型砂体储集物性解剖认为,三角洲平原分支河道砂体储集物性较差,储集物性空间分布特征表现为河道砂体内每期砂体下部物性优于上部,中间优于两翼,单期河道砂体最厚位置处储集性最好,孔隙度最高可达8%,渗透率为0.13×10-3 μm2。     

华北克拉通南缘蓝田和牧护关花岗岩体：LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

蓝田和牧护关花岗岩体位于华北克拉通南缘、东秦岭西北端,同时地处大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带西侧,准确限定其侵位时代对于正确理解华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的时空分布特征及东、西秦岭中生代岩浆作用的时空分布均具有重要意义。蓝田岩体主要由巨斑状二长花岗岩和中细粒二长花岗岩组成,牧护关岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和富黑云母花岗岩组成。对其中主体岩性的锆石LA—ICPMSU—Pb定年结果表明,蓝田和牧护关岩体的侵位时代分别为（154±1）Ma和（151±2）Ma,说明它们是燕山期（晚侏罗世-早白垩世）岩浆活动的产物。蓝田-牧护关岩体以西的西秦岭广大地区印支期岩浆岩分布广泛,但迄今为止尚未发现燕山期岩浆活动的证据,相反在蓝田一牧护关岩体以东的华北克拉通南缘和东秦岭地区,燕山期侵入岩十分发育。秦岭造山带中生代花岗岩类侵位时代的系统差异表明,东秦岭和西秦岭自晚侏罗世以后受不同的构造背景控制。一般认为,西秦岭印支期岩浆岩与扬子和华北板块的碰撞拼合有关,而东秦岭燕山期岩浆岩则与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄或太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲有关。因此,蓝田和牧护关岩体可能代表了滨太平洋构造一岩浆域和华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的西界。     

基于位置服务的空间信息传输模型

手机的基于位置的服务(LBS,Location Based Service)系统发展迅速,已经成为G IS应用的一个重要组成部分。LBS用户所处的环境以及对空间信息的使用方式均与传统的地图有了较大的差别,因此现有的地图传输理论已不能完全适应LBS系统的工作模式。在分析LBS系统特点的基础上,介绍了传统的Kolacny地图传输模型应用的局限性,提出了基于位置服务系统中的空间信息传输模型,这种模型具有对用户要求低、传输效率高以及表现形式多样化等特点。     

东河储层敏感性参数与测井的响应关系

在岩心分析的基础上,分析和提取塔中"东河砂岩"储层的11个主要敏感性参数,同时利用常规测井方法可获得的岩石骨架、泥质含量、粘土矿物和物性参数等敏感性参数,然后在油田储层敏感性流动实验资料的基础上,运用逐步回归方法建立储层敏感性与测井资料的解释模型,对实际井进行处理分析。结果表明,由测井解释得到的储层敏感性结论与研究区的敏感性流动实验基本一致。     

基于DEM的单沟泥石流危险性定量评价

DEM(Digial Elevaion Model)是地貌景观高程信息的数字表达,能够直观的反应地形地貌条件。泥石流形成和运动受其流域地貌条件的制约,流域系统信息是地貌发育状态的定量描述;故其值能够作为描述泥石流危险性的一种定量化指标。该研究在对甘肃南部地区白龙江流域的252条泥石流沟的基本参数统计分析基础上,选取其中45条泥石流单沟;通过DEM数据拟合其沟谷高程—面积抛物线方程,计算单沟泥石流流域面积—高程函数积分S;在缺乏流域其他环境因子参数的情况下,定量化描述泥石流危险性。