全文获取类型
收费全文 | 613篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 44篇 |
大气科学 | 42篇 |
地球物理 | 142篇 |
地质学 | 200篇 |
海洋学 | 20篇 |
天文学 | 112篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
自然地理 | 74篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有639条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
42.
The equations of motion applying to the wind field in a forest canopy are simplified to a balance between the shearing stress gradient and either the form-drag of the leaves in the upper dense canopy, or the overall horizontal pressure gradient in the more open space beneath. The equations imply that, in descending through the forest, the stress and wind vectors turn through an angle which depends on the forest characteristics and on the stability and the speed of the airflow above the forest. The turning is roughly confirmed by an overall average measured on a very flat site near Thetford, Norfolk, covered by an extensive uniform pine forest. 相似文献
43.
Paul Van Gastel Gregory N. Ivey Michael J. Meuleners Jason P. Antenucci Oliver Fringer 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(11-12):1373-1383
Observations are presented of large-amplitude internal waves (LAIWs) generated by the steepening of the internal tide on the Australian North West Shelf (NWS) over a 4-month period extending from strongly stratified summer conditions to weakly stratified winter conditions. The observations are from a site in water depth of 124 m where current and temperature measurements were made from a fixed vertical mooring and a benthic L-shaped spatial array. The observations show the LAIWs at this site to be characterized by strong seasonal variability, with energetic LAIWs of depression being dominant during summer and weaker LAIWs of elevation being dominant during the winter months as the stratification weakens, the upper mixed layer deepens, and the thermocline is close to the bottom. Waves were also seen to propagate from a range of directions towards the observation site. Modeling using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v2.1) revealed that internal tide generation in the area occurred at water depths of between 400 and 600 m along an arc of approximately 120 km in length, some 70 km to the northwest of our experimental site. The results demonstrate both the 3D nature as well as the seasonal variation of the LAIW field. 相似文献
44.
With modern imaging and spectral instruments observing in the visible, EUV, X-ray, and radio wavelengths, the detection of
oscillations in the solar outer atmosphere has become a routine event. These oscillations are considered to be the signatures
of a wave phenomenon and are generally interpreted in terms of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. With multiwavelength observations
from ground- and space-based instruments, it has been possible to detect waves in a number of different wavelengths simultaneously
and, consequently, to study their propagation properties. Observed MHD waves propagating from the lower solar atmosphere into
the higher regions of the magnetized corona have the potential to provide excellent insight into the physical processes at
work at the coupling point between these different regions of the Sun. High-resolution wave observations combined with forward
MHD modeling can give an unprecedented insight into the connectivity of the magnetized solar atmosphere, which further provides
us with a realistic chance to reconstruct the structure of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. This type of solar
exploration has been termed atmospheric magnetoseismology. In this review we will summarize some new trends in the observational
study of waves and oscillations, discussing their origin and their propagation through the atmosphere. In particular, we will
focus on waves and oscillations in open magnetic structures (e.g., solar plumes) and closed magnetic structures (e.g., loops and prominences), where there have been a number of observational highlights in the past few years. Furthermore, we
will address observations of waves in filament fibrils allied with a better characterization of their propagating and damping
properties, the detection of prominence oscillations in UV lines, and the renewed interest in large-amplitude, quickly attenuated,
prominence oscillations, caused by flare or explosive phenomena. 相似文献
45.
The theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in solar coronal slabs in a zero-β configuration and for parallel propagation of waves does not allow the existence of surface waves. When oblique propagation
of perturbations is considered, both surface and body waves are able to propagate. When the perpendicular wavenumber is larger
than a certain value, the body kink mode becomes a surface wave. In addition, a sausage surface mode is found below the internal
cutoff frequency. When nonuniformity in the equilibrium is included, surface and body modes are damped by resonant absorption.
In this paper, first, a normal-mode analysis is performed and the period, the damping rate, and the spatial structure of the
eigenfunctions are obtained. Then, the time-dependent problem is solved, and the conditions under which one or the other type
of mode is excited are investigated. 相似文献
46.
M. van Hardenbroek A. F. Lotter D. Bastviken T. J. Andersen O. Heiri 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(1-2):95-105
Taxon-specific stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of chitinous remains of invertebrates can provide valuable information about the carbon sources used by invertebrates living in specific habitats of lake ecosystems (for example, sediments, water column, or aquatic vegetation). This is complementary to δ13C of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), which provides an integrated signal of organic matter produced in a lake and its catchment, and of diagenetic processes within sediments. In a sediment record from Strandsjön (Sweden) covering the past circa 140 years, we analyzed SOM geochemistry (δ13C, C:Natomic, organic carbon content) and δ13C of chitinous invertebrate remains in order to examine whether taxon-specific δ13C records could be developed for different invertebrate groups and whether these analyses provide insights into past changes of organic carbon sources for lacustrine invertebrates available in benthic and planktonic compartments of the lake. Invertebrate taxa included benthic chironomids (Chironomus, Chironomini excluding Chironomus, Tanytarsini, and Tanypodinae), filter-feeders on suspended particulate organic matter (Daphnia, Plumatella and Cristatella mucedo), and Rhabdocoela. δ13C of chironomid remains indicated periodic availability of 13C-depleted carbon sources in the benthic environment of the lake as δ13C values of the different chironomid taxa fluctuated simultaneously between ?34.7 and ?30.5 ‰ (VPDB). Daphnia and Bryozoa showed parallel changes in their δ13C values which did not coincide with variations in δ13C of chironomids, though, and a 2–3 ‰ decrease since circa AD 1960. The decrease in δ13C of Daphnia and Bryozoa could indicate a decrease in phytoplankton δ13C as a result of lower lake productivity, which is in accordance with historical information about the lake that suggests a shift to less eutrophic conditions after AD 1960. In contrast, Rhabdocoela cocoons were characterized by relatively high δ13C values (?30.4 to ?28.2 ‰) that did not show a strong temporal trend, which could be related to the predatory feeding mode and wide prey spectrum of this organism group. The taxon-specific δ13C analyses of invertebrate remains indicated that different carbon sources were available for the benthic chironomid larvae than for the filter-feeding Daphnia and bryozoans. Our results therefore demonstrate that taxon-specific analysis of δ13C of organic invertebrate remains can provide complementary information to measurements on bulk SOM and that δ13C of invertebrate remains may allow the reconstruction of past changes in carbon sources and their δ13C in different habitats of lake ecosystems. 相似文献
47.
48.
Ferraro G Bernardini A David M Meyer-Roux S Muellenhoff O Perkovic M Tarchi D Topouzelis K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):403-422
Studies of operational pollution carried out by European commission - Joint Research Centre in the Mediterranean Sea for the years 1999-2004 are briefly introduced. The specific analysis of the Adriatic Sea for the same period demonstrates that this area has been characterized by a relevant number of illegal discharges from ships. After setting the historical background of the project AESOP (aerial and satellite surveillance of operational pollution in the Adriatic Sea), the content, partners and aim of the project are presented. Finally, the results of the first phase of the AESOP project are presented. The results seem very encouraging. For the first time in the Adriatic, real time detection of oil spills in satellite images and an immediate verification by the Coast Guard has been undertaken. An exploratory activity has also been carried out in collaboration with the University of Ljubljana to use automatic information system (AIS) to identify the ships detected in the satellite images. 相似文献
49.
The present study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater quality in Agas- theeswaram taluk of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 69 groundwater samples were collected during pre- and post-monsoon periods of 2011-2012. The groundwater quality assessment has been carried out by evaluating the physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, HCO3, Cl, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ for both the seasons. Based on these parameters, groundwater has been assessed in favor of its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose. Dominant cations for both the seasons are in the order of Na+〉 Ca2+〉 Mg2+ 〉 K+ while the dominant anions for post monsoon and pre monsoon have the trends of CI 〉 HCO3 〉 SO42- and HCO3- 〉 CI 〉 SO42-, respectively. Analytical results observed from various indices reveal that the groundwater quality is fairly good in some places. Analytical results of few samples show that they are severely polluted and incidentally found to be near the coasts, estuaries and salt pans in the study area. The Gibbs plot indicates that the majority of groundwater samples fall in rock dominant region, which indicates rock water interaction in the study area. The United States salinity (USSL) diagram shows that the groundwater is free from sodium hazards but the salinity hazard varies from low to very high throughout the study area. This reveals that the groundwater is moderately suitable for agricultural activities. The observed chemical variations in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons may be the effect to rock-water interactions, ion-exchange reactions, and runoff of fertilizers from the surrounding agricultural lands. 相似文献
50.