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381.
GIS支持下珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化遥感监测分析 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
从珠江三角洲区域总体出发,探讨大范围城镇建筑覆盖变化的遥感监测方法。分析了城镇建筑覆盖变化专题信息提取方法概况,比较了最大似然法、上下文分类法、人工神经网络三种分类方法的优缺点。借助GIS技术的术持,在计算机自动分类的基础上利用专家知识改进了分类结果。根据遥感监测结果,对1988—1998年间珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化特征进行了分析。 相似文献
382.
基于GPS基准站网的GPS测量 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用基于GPS基准网的GPS测量可以提高GPS测量的可靠性和准确性 ,可以消除和减小GPS测量观测值中与时间和空间相关的大气误差和轨道误差的影响 ,使中、长距离快速静态定位和RTK动态定位成为现实 ,还具有可直接得到WGS84Z坐标等优点。本文介绍基于GPS基准站网的GPS测量 ,简要地论述GPS虚拟参考站法VRS和区域改正数法FKP的原理、方法和特点 ,以及目前实施中存在的一些问题 相似文献
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WUXiaofang CAIZhongliang WUGuofeng DUQingyun 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(4):27-31
Through analyzing the principle of data sharing in the database system, this paper discusses the principle and method for integrating and sharing GIS data by data engine, introduces a way to achieve the high integration and sharing of GIS data on the basis of VCT in VC , and provides the method for uniting VCT into RDBMS in order to implement a spatial database with object-oriented data model. 相似文献
387.
Jean-Louis Le Mouël Pierre-Noël Mayaud Peter Shebalin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(13):935-941
Big perturbations of the magnetic field (amplitudes larger than 250 nT) are simply detected by subtracting the values of a model from the measurements of CHAMP satellite. Taking a full year of CHAMP data and organizing them in four subsets of three months length (spring, summer, autumn, winter), it is found that: (a) the two domains where such big perturbations mainly exist are limited, in both hemispheres, by a parallel of high latitude of the corrected geomagnetic coordinates system; (b) a conspicuous seasonal (annual) variation affects the density of the perturbations and is opposite in the two hemispheres. We hold that these perturbations are linked to the midday magnetic activity within the auroral zone, long ago described by one of us (Mayaud, 1956). The source of the perturbations observed at the satellite altitude would be field-aligned currents resulting from the penetration of the solar wind into the magnetospheric cusps. To cite this article: J.-L. Le Mouël et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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Multiple geochemical tracers [ion chemistry, stable isotopes of water, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), tritium] and a 25-year-long record of discharge were used to understand residence times and flow paths of groundwater seeps in the fractured rock aquifer surrounding the Mission Tunnel, Santa Barbara, California. Tritium data from individual seeps indicate that seep waters are a mixture of >45-year-old (recharged prior to the nuclear bomb tests) and young groundwater. CFC data support this interpretation, however, a two-end member mixing model cannot completely explain the age tracer data. Microbial degradation and partial re-equilibration complicate the CFC signal. Spectral analysis of precipitation and groundwater seepage records shows that seepage lags precipitation by 3 months. This delay is related to the advancement of the wetting front and increasing the number of active flow paths. Additionally, the amount of seepage produced by precipitation is less during extended periods of drought than during normal or wet periods, suggesting antecedent conditions strongly affect flow through this fractured rock aquifer. 相似文献
390.
Gábor Dobosi Pamela D. Kempton Hilary Downes Antal Embey-Isztin Matthew Thirlwall Peter Greenwood 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,144(6):671-683
Mafic granulite xenoliths from the lower crust of the Pannonian Basin are dominated by LREE-depleted bulk-rock compositions. Many of these have MORB-like 143Nd/144Nd but 87Sr/86Sr is elevated relative to most MORBs. Their '18O values cover a wide range from +3.8 to +9.5. A group of LREE-enriched mafic granulites have higher 87Sr/86Sr (0.704-0.708) and lower 143Nd/144Nd (0.5128-0.5124), with higher '18O values on average (+7.8 to +10.6) than the LREE-depleted granulites. The LREE-enriched granulites are, however, isotopically similar to newly discovered metasedimentary granulite xenoliths. A sublinear correlation in )Hf-)Nd isotope space has a shallower slope than the crust-mantle array, with the metasedimentary rocks forming the low )Hf end member; the radiogenic end is restricted to the LREE-depleted granulites and these overlap the field of MORB. Pb isotopes for the LREE-depleted samples are less radiogenic on average than those of the LREE-enriched and metasedimentary xenoliths, and metasedimentary granulites have consistently higher 208Pb/204Pb. The wide range in '18O over a restricted range in Nd and Sr isotope values, in combination with the predominance of LREE-depleted trace-element compositions, is consistent with an origin as a package of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust. The existence of '18O values lower than average MORB and/or mantle peridotite requires that at least some of these rocks were hydrothermally altered at high temperature, presumably in the oceanic lower crust. The low 143Nd/144Nd of the LREE-enriched mafic granulites cannot be explained by simple mixing between a LREE-depleted melt and an enriched component, represented by the recovered metasediments. Instead, we interpret these rocks as the metamorphic equivalent of the shallowest levels of the ocean crust where pillow basalts are intimately intercalated with oceanic sediments. A possible model is accretion of oceanic crustal slices during subduction and convergence, followed by high-grade metamorphism during the Alpine orogeny. 相似文献