Evaluation of landfill disposal boundary by means of electrical resistivity imaging

This paper deals with an employment of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) for survey of leachate content on the waste disposal site in Northern Israel. The research consisted of conducting ten ERI lines and drilling investigation wells. Data simulation used a 2D EarthImager inversion program. Analysis of 2D ERI interpretation results shows that determination of the boundary between the landfill body bottom intensively saturated with leachates and underlying layers of highly water saturated fat nonconsolidated clays presents a challenge. However, statistical analysis of ERI data indicates that standard deviation and confidence interval of a set of resistivity data measured in the landfill body are significantly larger than those in underlying clays. Moreover, maximum changes of these parameters are found on the boundary between landfill body and underlying soil, thus reflecting natural differences in scattering of resistivity data measured in these two objects.     

Flow over mountains with the stream velocity shear

The dependence of orographic disturbances of the atmosphere on properties of the incident flow is studied within the semianalytic approach. Reducing the initial system of equations of hydrothermodynamics to a single equation for an associative stream function makes it possible to consider a class of solutions of a sufficiently general type when the background velocity of the wind and the Lyra’s scale vary with height. It is shown that the dependence of the solution on the indicated factors can be not only strong, but also sufficiently unexpected. In particular, with the monotonic growth in the wind velocity in the troposphere, which corresponds to conditions of a jet stream near the tropopause, disturbances at low and medium heights can acquire an almost resonant and waveguide nature.     

Cu–Ag sulfides as indicators of pre-porphyritic epithermal Au–Ag deposits in Northeastern Russia

Au–Ag mineralization of the Olcha and Teploe epithermal deposits underwent thermal metamorphism due to porphyritic intrusions. The presence of Bi-bearing galena and matildite in the ores (Teploe), Cu–Te-bearing naumannite (Olcha), the occurrence of middle- and high-temperature facies of metasomatic rocks (epidote and actinolite), and temperature formation conditions are related, firstly, to the influence of granitoids on the ore process, which supplied not only Cu and Mo, but also Bi, Te, and, secondly, to the heating of host rocks containing pre-porphyritic epithermal Au–Ag mineralization. The abundance of Cu–Ag sulfides and Cu-acanthite resulted from the enrichment of later mineral phases in Cu and Ag under the substance redistribution with the formation of Ag-acanthite ores. The data considered in the paper are of practical importance for regional forecasting of metallogenic constructions, exploration, and evaluation of the epithermal Au–Ag deposits.     

On the role of contamination and hybridism in formation of the composite Raumid pluton granites (Pamir Mnts.): Results of Sm–Nd Isotope Study

This work presents isotope Sm-Nd data obtained for bulk samples of granites of all 8 emplacement phases of the Raumid granite massif, which occurred 35 Ma ago at a hypabyssal depth during the orogenic stage of development of Southern Pamir fold system. The ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio in studied collection of granite samples ranges between 0.091 and 0.323; the ε_Nd(T) value is–4.0. The Sm-Nd isotope study results suggest that all granite varieties distinguished in the Raumid massif are comagmatic formations and contamination and hybridization processes did not play any role in REE distribution in granites. At this, the source of parental magma did not change during granite generation. We assume that the only process, resulted in the trace element evolution in granites, was differentiation of three batches of magma sequentially uplifted from the source.     

Parametrical modelling of the spectra of small-scale electrical conductivity pulsations in the ocean

Parametrical models of the spectra of small-scale electrical conductivity and current velocity pulsations in the ocean are considered.Translated by V. Puchkin     

On the problem of the computation of spectra of small-scale inhomogeneities in hydrophysical fields of the ocean

A novel form of correlation window employed to calculate the spectral density of a random process using a Fourier transform of the correlation function is proposed. It is shown that, concerning its metrologic characteristics, the value of the spectral density obtained does not yield the best autoregression estimates. A fast recurrent estimational algorithm is suggested to increase the efficiency of the calculational procedure.Translated by M. M. Trufanov.     

The accretion matter at the disk rim in Her X-1/HZ Her

The Crosa and Boynton (1980) empirical model for discrete mass transfer in Her X-1 is further developed. The photometric features of the light curve (peaks of an hour duration and 0.3–0.7 ^m amplitude, steps near orbital phase =0); and the linear polarization bursts are assumed to be due to the formation and eclipses of the plasma blobs produced by discrete transfer of matter from optical star surface and its interaction with the accretion disc rim. The long lifetime (20^h) of the cold (3×10⁴ K) blob extending up to 10¹¹ cm above the disc plane, as well as the deep X-ray flickerings (300 s) during the X-ray absorption dips are assumed to arise from a dispersal of accreting matter by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a blob moving through a hot corona of the disk atT _c =3×10⁶ K andn _c =3×10¹¹ cm^–3. Thermal equilibrium in the corona and in the blobs are supported by X-ray flux. Within the first few hours after its formation a blob disintegrates into drops withr=5×10⁹ cm,T=3×10⁴ K, andn=3×10¹³ cm^–3 which move then along Keplerian orbits. Frictional interactions of the drops with the corona destroy them on a 20^h time-scale. The proposed model makes it possible to interpret the diverse observational facts and to predict numerous observational displays in the optical, UV, and X-ray bands. The first results of our optical-spectrum observations of blobs are briefly described.     

Cytochrome P4501A expression,chemical contaminants and histopathology in roach,goby and sturgeon and chemical contaminants in sediments from the Caspian Sea,Lake Balkhash and the Ily River Delta,Kazakhstan

Roach, goby and sturgeon were examined for cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression and histopathology, in relation to contaminant burdens in fish and sediment. Gradients of induction of CYP1A were observed. Roach from the Ural and Ily River Deltas and roach and goby from the two stations nearest the Caspian Sea oil fields displayed higher levels of CYP1A expression in several organs than was observed in fish from further offshore. Great sturgeon and Russian sturgeon showed higher levels of CYP1A expression than was seen in starred sturgeon and gobies in the Ural delta. No fish showed evidence of contaminant-related histopathologies in the organs examined, despite the elevated CYP1A levels. Low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and elevated levels of inshore and riverine petroleum hydrocarbons from these habitats suggest that this ongoing hydrocarbon exposure, and that from natural sources and long-term oil exploration on the Northeastern Caspian shore, contributed to the CYP1A induction observed.     

Venus: Preliminary prediction of the mineral composition of surface rocks

A thermodynamical analysis of the multicomponent system SiTiAlFeMnMgCaNaKPCHO open with respect to CO₂, CO, H₂O was carried out. Hydration and carbonatization processes are proposed to be geochemical consequences of the hypothesis of quasi-equilibrium conditions between the troposphere and crustal surface rocks. The probable rock-forming hydrated mineral phases are represented by epidote, glaucophane, tremolite, phlogopite, and annite; the carbonatization results in existence of calcite and dolomite as rock-forming minerals of weathered alkaline lavas. The surface rocks are assumed to have high ferric/ferrous iron ratios. The wollastonite equilibrium is rejected as a buffering chemical reaction. Hydrated minerals could be stable at least up to 5-km depths and contribute about 0.1 × 10²⁴ g of H₂O whereas about (0.7–0.8) × 10²⁴ g of H₂O would be consumed in ferrous iron oxidation with concomitant hydrogen dissipation. The distribution of H₂O in the outer planetary shells is possibly a function of their temperatures.     

Sulfur Compounds in Bottom Sediments of Fresh-Water Basins (Mouth of the Severnaya Dvina River and Rybinsk Water Reservoir)

Composition and distribution of different forms of sulfur in bottom sediments of the Severnaya Dvina River mouth and Rybinsk water reservoir are studied. The sediments are characterized by low accumulation rate of reduced sulfur compounds and high content of organic matter. Common features of the distribution of products of hydrogen sulfide in sediments of the river and water reservoir and the specificity of anthropogenic influence in each basin are established.