Vegetation dynamics in Qinling-Daba Mountains in relation to climate factors between 2000 and 2014

Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, we investigated the patterns of spatiotemporal variation in vegetation coverage and its associated driving forces in the Qinling-Daba (Qinba) Mountains in 2000–2014. The Sen and Mann–Kendall models and partial correlation analysis were used to analyze the data, followed by calculation of the Hurst index to analyze future trends in vegetation coverage. The results of the study showed that (1) NDVI of the study area exhibited a significant increase in 2000–2014 (linear tendency, 2.8%/10a). During this period, a stable increase was detected before 2010 (linear tendency, 4.32%/10a), followed by a sharp decline after 2010 (linear tendency,–6.59%/10a). (2) Spatially, vegetation cover showed a “high in the middle and a low in the surroundings” pattern. High values of vegetation coverage were mainly found in the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi Province. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 81.32% and 18.68%, respectively, during the study period. Piecewise analysis revealed that 71.61% of the total study area showed a decreasing trend in vegetation coverage in 2010–2014. (4) Reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change were stronger than the same characteristics on the Qinba Mountains. About 46.89% of the entire study area is predicted to decrease in the future, while 34.44% of the total area will follow a continuously increasing trend. (5) The change of vegetation coverage was mainly attributed to the deficit in precipitation. Moreover, vegetation coverage during La Nina years was higher than that during El Nino years. (6) Human activities can induce ambiguous effects on vegetation coverage: both positive effects (through implementation of ecological restoration projects) and negative effects (through urbanization) were observed.     

2008年12月两次寒潮天气对比分析

利用常规天气资料和数值预报产品,应用天气分析和诊断分析方法,并结合宁夏寒潮预报系统的预报结果,对2008年12月2-4日和12月20-21日宁夏出现的两次典型寒潮天气过程进行对比分析,结果表明:两次过程均是在前期强烈升温的基础上,有强冷空气在西西伯利亚及贝加尔湖堆积并向南侵袭造成的;两次过程亚洲中高纬环流形势均表现为"一脊一槽"型,动力机制均为高空旋转低压槽与强锋区,促使寒潮爆发的流场均为"低槽旋转型";冷空气爆发后,宁夏上空均由强盛的冷平流控制,地面冷高压均进入关键区并达到寒潮强度;但由于寒潮发生的环流背景、影响系统及冷空气的强度、发展、移动路径不同,因此两次过程的降温幅度和对宁夏造成的影响也不同.在此基础上,总结出宁夏冬季寒潮天气的预报着眼点.     

城市化对珠三角地区气温及日较差的可能影响

利用珠三角地区27个国家基本、基准气象站近50年(1963—2012年)的实际观测资料,结合地理信息系统数据分析了珠三角地区平均气温,平均最高和最低气温的年、季节及日较差的变化趋势以及城市化影响。分析表明:近50年珠三角地区年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温均呈现增加的趋势,日较差除从化、增城、珠海和上川岛呈现弱的正趋势外,其余地区呈现下降趋势。城市化对广州、佛山、惠州年平均气温和平均最低气温的影响均为正值,对日较差的贡献率均为负值,日较差的减小是由城市化造成的,就季节变化而言,城市化影响以秋季最大。改革开放后(1979—2012年)平均气温、平均最高和最低气温强增温区域比近50年范围扩大、强度增加,年平均最高气温增温明显,日较差的正值区域比近50年范围扩大、强度增加,主要出现在珠三角北部一带,高值中心达到0.25℃·(10 a)~(-1)。就城市化而言,广州平均气温、平均最高和最低气温的城市化影响比近50年都有所降低,而佛山、惠州的平均气温、平均最低气温城市化影响均增大。     

巴楚地区碳酸盐岩中深成侵入岩特征及其对储层发育的影响

为了深入探讨深部岩浆活动对碳酸盐岩储层发育的影响,文中通过显微鉴定、地球化学分析以及流体包裹体测试,对巴楚地区和3井奥陶纪钻遇的火成岩进行了详细研究。和3井碳酸盐岩中的火成岩是紫苏辉长岩,为深成侵入岩体,辉长岩的w(SiO2)介于44.89%～45.39%,w(K2O+Na2O)为4.04%～4.67%,w(Na2O)/w(K2O)为2.16～4.23,属钠质碱性系列,形成于板内构造环境。微量元素分配模式以Ba富集Sr亏损为特征。∑REE介于163.43×10-6～215.99×10-6,LREE/HREE介于5.14～5.58,LaN/YbN介于5.192～5.980,δEu介于0.926～1.002,稀土配分模式属轻稀土富集型,通过对和3井碳酸盐岩孔隙度、渗透率以及其中流体包裹体的分析,孔隙度和渗透率的变化与辉长岩的分布有关,流体包裹体温度介于62～161℃,和3井碳酸盐岩受到过热事件的影响,辉长岩的侵入改善了和3井碳酸盐岩的储层物性。     

软弱层带夹泥粒度成分的分形研究

应用分形几何理论，对软弱层带夹泥粒度成分的研究表明，粒度分布具有分形结构特征，其分维值在２－３之间。分维值可作为定量描述夹泥粒度成分的参数。分维值的大小，不仅能表征夹泥所处的演化阶段及环境条件，而且还与夹泥的粘粒含量，粘土矿物成分及物理力学特征等密切相关。     

Numerical Simulation Experiment of Land Surface Physical Processes and Local Climate Effect in Forest Underlying Surface

Based on the basic principles of atmospheric boundary layer and plant canopy micrometeorology, a forest underlying surface land surface physical process model and a two-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer numerical model are developed and numerical simulation experiments of biosphere and physiological processes of vegetation and soil volumetric water content have been done on land surface processes with local climate effect. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with realistic observations, which can be used to obtain reasonable simulations for diurnal variations of canopy temperature, air temperature in canopy, ground surface temperature, and temporal and spatial distributions of potential temperature and vertical wind velocity as well as relative humidity and turbulence exchange coefficient over non-homogeneous underlying surfaces. It indicates that the model developed can be used to study the interaction between land surface process and atmospheric boundary layer over various underlying surfaces and can be extended to local climate studies. This work will settle a solid foundation for coupling climate models with the biosphere.     

北方岩溶含水层双重介质水流模型及其应用探讨

本文将北方岩溶介质划分为两种基本类型:溶隙网络—溶孔型和溶隙网络—微裂隙型。概化出裂隙岩溶介质的双重介质水流模型。解决了下面几个问题:（1）认识北方岩溶介质所具有的双重介质性;（2）分别对孔隙和微裂隙所构成的岩块域和溶隙网络域建立数学模型,并用岩块和裂隙的水量交换项将两者耦合起来。模型中岩块并未被概化成某一特殊几何形态如球体或平行板,而是按其实际产出形态处理;（3）在岩块中也应用了二维水流模型。以往作者多用一维流方程,目的在于求其解析解,这有许多不足之处;（4）在裂隙和岩块域均采用有限单元法,将两个域的模型联立求数值解,克服了解析法或解析—数值法联合的局限性。 在给定参数情况下,本文进行了典型水文地质条件下的计算,证明了模型是能够较好地刻画溶隙网络—溶孔或微裂隙型介质的特征和水流特点的。同时,本文成功地应用了济南西南郊岩溶含水层的实际资料进行了模拟计算,对双重介质方法的实用进行了听的尝试。     

关于华南大地构造问题的再认识

自８０年代以来，华南大地构造格局问题的讨论是我国地学的热点之一。有关华南陆块地质构造演化及形成时代存在多家之说，其中“江南古陆”是否存在与原“板溪群”时代的归属是争论的焦点。许多学者从不同的角度提出了各种观点和构造演化模式。从近几年来在皖南、赣东北地区的一系列新发现，可以得出如下看法：（１）“板溪群”不是一个前震旦纪的变质地层单位；（２）“江南古陆”是不存在的；（３）华南不存在加里东后地台，而存在晚古生代洋盆，它可能是东特提斯洋的一部分；（４）印支运动在赣东北地区有重要的表现，晚古生代浅变质岩和蛇绿混杂岩是它的岩石记录     

内蒙古赤峰市白音诺尔铅锌矿床构造控制与找矿方向

位于大兴安岭中段的内蒙古赤峰市白音诺尔铅锌矿产于二叠纪黄梁组地层中。矿床矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出。控矿因素研究表明,层状、透镜状矿体分布主要受褶皱构造控制。根据褶皱控矿规律指出了三个找矿方向,部分区段得到地球物理验证,白音诺尔铅锌矿床具有良好的成矿前景。