A system of monitoring and dimensioning tunnel support

Summary In this paper a general numerical approach is proposed for the identification of loads acting on tunnel linings made by shotcrete, as a temporary lining, and concrete as a permanent one so as to form a system of monitoring and dimensioning these linings. This method requires a set of in situ displacement measurements of shotcrete layer for back calculation, and the constitutive relationship of the structural materials which are shotcrete, and concrete here is assumed to be linear elastic. The advantage of this method is that it avoids those complicated characteristics of rock masses and the loads from back calculation can reflect the combinative effects of rock surrounding the tunnel. An example was demonstrated for this method.     

The Model YSZ-2 Rock Acoustic Emission Apparatus

The design principles of a rock acoustic emission remotemeasuring, automatic control, and time-recording system developed for the research of the basic properties of rock mechanics and field monitoring and measurement of rock engineering projects are reported in this paper. The working principles and structures of the seven unites of the system have been described in detail. The results of monitoring and measurement accomplished by the system are also evaluated. Laboratory and field practices have demonstrated that the system possesses satisfactory application effects.     

闽粤板内断块构造活动及其热震效应

本文依据温泉、地震、构造、岩浆岩分布及其热破裂实验结果,论述了闽粤地区热场特点,讨论断块活动与热震关系。研究表明,燕山运动以来,断块分异作用强烈,与地壳深部二次重要热幕活动(距今90—120百万年及157—165百万年)密切相关。现代热场主要是中生代热幕活动继续发展的结果。分析发现,闽粤构造活动在新生代,其岩浆活动的前峰明显减退。但却存在自北东往西南冷热交替的块断热震耗散结构特征。断块活动性越强,热震效应越显著,同时呈现从内陆向台湾渐次增强特点。剖折闽南—粤北断块的热震能量耗散比率,表明每一断块具有特定的耗散结构。这是地壳下部与上地幔进行能量传递、转换过程的渠道。它主要取决于上地幔热流及向横不均匀性。热震能流约占地表大地热流2%±。本文根据等效原理,探讨构造力和热应力对板内地震孕育及破裂机制联合作用问题。提出“菱形”断块的周边的深断层端点、拐点是易于热破裂有利场所,并可能存在曼森—科芬效应导致深部岩石热疲劳和弹性破裂——发生地震。说明研究热震效应是具有理论和实用价值的新课题。     

Dynamic response of a pile embedded in a porous medium subjected to plane SH waves

In this paper, the frequency domain dynamic response of a pile embedded in a porous medium subjected to SH seismic waves is investigated. The surrounding porous medium of the pile is described by Biot’s poro-elastic theory, while the pile embedded in the porous medium is treated as a beam and described by a beam vibration theory. Using the Hankel transformation method, the fundamental solution for a half-space porous medium subjected to a horizontal circular patch load is established. According to the fictitious pile methodology, the second kind of Fredholm integral equation for the pile is established in terms of the obtained fundamental solution and free wave field. The solution of the integral equation yields the dynamic response of the pile to plane SH waves. Numerical results indicate that the parameters of the porous medium, the pile and incident waves have considerable influences on the dynamic response of the pile and the porous medium.     

Integrated geological and geophysical exploration for concealed ores beneath cover in the Chaihulanzi goldfield, northern China

An integrated geological and geophysical investigation was carried out in the near‐mine areas of the Chaihulanzi gold‐field, Inner Mongolia, northern China, to determine the south‐eastern strike extension of the principal mineralized shear system, in the search for new resources. In this case study, surface geophysical surveys played an important role in defining the mineralized structures beneath cover. A re‐investigation of the mine geology by observing the underground exposures of mineralization and its hosting structures, coupled with re‐evaluation and re‐examination of previous exploration data, revealed that the mineralization style at the Chaihulanzi gold‐field is not the skarn‐type as previously assumed, but is structurally controlled by an oblique‐sinistral shear structure. Moreover, a south‐eastward shallow‐plunging mineralized corridor within the principal mineralized shear system was also identified, implying that the ore‐forming fluid‐flow might move through the mineralizing system, from the south‐east at depth to the north‐west. These new geological findings imply that the mineralized shear system should extend much farther south‐eastwards along strike beneath cover, and thus a conceptual target area was proposed. A detailed geophysical survey program, involving the application of VLF‐EM, Stratagem EH4, CSAMT and gradient IP measurements, was carried out to test the validity of the conceptual target. Orientation surveys on the geologically known Line‐18 traverse revealed that VLF‐EM and Stratagem EH4 were the most effective methods of detecting the unseen mineralized system, whereas CSAMT could only provide low‐resolution data, and IP proved to be unsuitable in this environment due to the ubiquitous presence of graphite‐bearing schists in and around the mineralized system. A follow‐up systematic VLF‐EM survey highlighted the principal mineralized shear system as a linear conductive belt, tracing the principal mineralized system for a further 750 m of strike length beneath cover from the previous exploration limit (Line 18). Stratagem EH4 soundings over six parallel traverses perpendicular to the mineralized trend revealed that the principal mineralized shear structure extends for more than 500 m in the dip direction, a strong indication of the presence of potential deep mineralization under the surveyed area. Detailed modelling of the Stratagem EH4 sounding images provided well‐defined targets for test drilling. Subsequent test drilling on some of these targets returned encouraging results as several core‐intercepts of economic gold mineralization were encountered. This led to a more extensive drilling and underground prospecting program, focusing on deep mineralization south‐eastwards along the mineralized trend.     

天津市地震前兆台网主页的建立

介绍了天津市地震前兆台网主页框架结构与流程,主页设计思路,并对主页一些主要功能进行了介绍。包括与分布式网络数据库相关的主页联动菜单的制作,前兆数据的显示与下载、输出到EXCEL,前兆数据曲线图的绘制,网页之间传递数据等。     

合肥地区地震活动性及地震地质构造背景分析

对合肥地区区域(R=200 km)和近场(R=25 km)范围内的地震活动性进行了研究,对区域和近场地震地质构造、区域重力场和磁场特征进行了分析,并重点对郯庐断裂及对合肥地区影响较大的近场区断裂活动性进行了研究,分析研究表明:自公元294年以来区域范围共发生Ms≥43/4级地震47次,1970年以来区域测震台网记录的ML≥2.0级地震有25次,其中ML3.0～3.9级地震5次;该区域断裂构造比较发育,其展布方向主要有北北东、北东、北西和近东西向,这几组方向的断裂形成区域断裂构造格架.区域Ms≥6级地震多发生在这几组不同方向断裂的交汇处附近.合肥地区未来的地震危险性主要来自华北地震区的长江下游-黄海地震带和郯庐地震带,其中安徽六安-霍山地震危险区、涡阳-凤台地震危险区和江苏的溧阳地区等未来可能发生中强震的地区,是对合肥地区影响较大的潜在地震危险区.     

海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚Sr/Ca比值温度计 及其影响因素初探*

文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)的方法测定了1986~1996年海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值,建立了该海域月分辨率的Sr/Ca海水表面温度计方程:SST(℃)=170-16 (mmol/mol),n = 133,r=0.80,p=0.01, 此与韦刚健等在西沙海域建立的温度计方程:SST(℃)=169-16.7 (mmol/mol)一致,这表明南海中、北部海域也出现有相似的微量元素温度计。此外,文章还分析了在某些年月份SST的实测值和计算值出现的显著差别,探讨了可能造成的海洋气象环境因素。     

The effects of the last glacial paleo-aeolian sands on desertification in northern China

In this paper, nine sediment sequences in the inner desert, desert-loess transitional zone (agro-pastoral transitional zone) and the northern margin of the Loess Plateau were investigated to study the sediments of Mu Us (Maowusu) and Otindaq (Hunshandake) sandy land in northern China since the last glaciation. All of these sequences consisted of the upper Holocene dark paleosol and the lower aeolian sand formed during the last glacial stage. The Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became the active desert since the last glaciation and covered a larger sandy area than at present. Mu Us sandy land began to show a landform of sandy desert and expanded southward towards the northern boundaries of the Loess Plateau. The Holocene was characterized by the advent of warmer and wetter climatic conditions in northern China, resulting in the rapid growth of surface vegetation and Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became a steppe. The thickness of surface soil reached up to as much as 50–80 cm. Thick paleosol covered the drift sands, and served as a protective layer for the steppe and farmland. Although the last glacial cycle is far away, paleo-aeolian sands formed during that period are still the material sources of regional desertification. Unreasonable cultivation destroying the Holocene paleosol, combined with dry climate and strong wind would result in activation of paleo- aeolian sand leading to the desertification of the study areas.