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兰州—西宁区域经济一体化试验区建设研究

我国西北地区的可持续发展是未来10年西部大开发战略的重要内容。为推进西部开发战略的深入实施,适应国家经济重心战略调整与大城市区域化发展趋势,基于西北河湟谷地城市密集区完整的经济地理区域,提出了建立兰州—西宁区域经济一体化试验区的构想,并从区域空间与产业双重整合等方面,提出了推动实验区建设与发展的政策建议,以期推进西部开发战略的深入实施,从而推动整个西北地区的可持续发展。     

Planning water resources management systems using a fuzzy-boundary interval-stochastic programming method

In this study, a fuzzy-boundary interval-stochastic programming (FBISP) method is developed for planning water resources management systems under uncertainty. The developed FBISP method can deal with uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and fuzzy-boundary intervals. With the aid of an interactive algorithm woven with a vertex analysis, solutions for FBISP model under associated α-cut levels can be generated by solving a set of deterministic submodels. The related probability and possibility information can also be reflected in the solutions for the objective function value and decision variables. The developed FBISP is also applied to water resources management and planning within a multi-reservoir system. Various policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic consequences when the pre-regulated water-allocation targets are violated are analyzed. The results obtained are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify desired water resources management policies under uncertainty.     

滇西重力场动态趋势变化与断层运动

以绝对重力做控制,对滇西网1985—2010年流动重力资料进行统一平差处理,平均点值精度为12×10 ^-8 ms^-2 /a;单点重力时变曲线主要呈现出季节性的上下波动和长期性的上升或下降趋势运动,部分点重力动态变化与丽江7.0级地震孕育过程相吻合;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反映了重力场在一段时期内的趋势性变化：1985—1995年和1996—2003年年变化率图像可能反映丽江7.0级地震前后能量的累积、释放和调整,2003年以后剑川断裂、鹤庆 洱源断裂和红河断裂北段附近重力值上升速度均超过10×10 ^-8 ms^-2/a;基于初始断裂运动模型正演模拟的滇西重力场年变化率图像与实测图像非常相似,说明断裂运动对重力场趋势性变化有重要贡献;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反演的滇西主要活动断裂年错动量与地质上给出的结果相仿,基本上反映了各断裂的活动性质。     

羟基磷灰石除氟的实验地球化学研究

中国和世界上许多国家（地区） 都面临着饮用水氟含量超标的问题,因此研究氟的环境地球化学行为以及探索除氟 技术和原理至关重要。本实验采用廉价的非金属矿物羟基磷灰石作为吸附材料,研究羟基磷灰石吸附溶解态F-的地球化学 行为和机制,考察反应时间、pH、初始F-浓度等环境参数对吸附反应的影响。实验结果发现羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附反应需 进行到48 h以上时才接近反应平衡。在实验条件下（pH≥4）,F-的吸附量随pH升高而降低,羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附受pH 调控。同时还发现羟基磷灰石在pH=6条件下对F-的吸附等温线既满足Langmuir等温模式（R2=0.89） 同时也满足Freundlich 等温模式（R2=0.99）,并推导出该条件的理论最大吸附量为21.6×10-3。本研究还进一步采用了先进的XRD、SEM、 HR-TEM、19F NMR手段,系统地表征了反应前后吸附产物的形态和成分变化,发现在高F-浓度条件下,F-在羟基磷灰石表 面的吸附机制不再是单层的表面配位。核磁共振的结果表明F-可部分取代羟基磷灰石结构中的隧道羟基而形成含氟羟基磷 灰石。研究结果表明羟基磷灰石是一种相当具有潜力的除氟材料,值得进一步开发。     

新疆伊犁盆地蒙其古尔地区下侏罗统三工河组沉积相及其与铀矿化的关系*

新疆伊犁盆地蒙其古尔矿床是近年来发现的大型砂岩型铀矿床。以下侏罗统三工河组为主要研究层位,通过岩性特征、沉积构造和沉积序列分析及露头描述和剖面对比,从沉积学的角度解释蒙其古尔矿区铀矿化的发育条件和成矿机制。研究认为,蒙其古尔地区三工河组以扇三角洲前缘沉积为主,水下分流河道、分流间湾、水下决口扇等为主要沉积微相类型,河口砂坝不发育。该沉积微相对研究区铀矿化的影响主要体现在4个方面:(1)砂体的连通性为成矿流体提供运移空间;(2)水下分流河道微相是控制氧化带发育及矿体富集程度的主要影响因素;(3)沉积微相变化导致的砂体变异部位是矿体厚度、宽度与富集程度增大的主要原因;(4)由决口扇形成的泥岩天窗是越流形成的关键因素之一。     

新疆南部构造区带与地震活动状态研究

Based on the studies of earthquake activity, tectonic movement, crustal shortening rate, fault activity, local stress field and historical characteristics of strong earthquake activities in Xinjiang, we divide the south part of Xinjiang into 4 seismotectonic zones, namely, the eastern segment of south Tianshan seismic belt, the Kalpin block, the Kashi-Wuqia junction zone, and the west Kunlun Mountains seismic belt. Using earthquake catalogues from Xinjiang since 1900, and on the basis of integrity analysis of earthquake records in different magnitude ranges, the seismicity state of different seismotectonic zones is analyzed quantificationally by calculating the mean value of annual strain energy release, annual rate of earthquakes with different lower limits of magnitude, b-value, and the parameter m of accelerating strain release model. The characteristic indexes of seismicity state for each of the seismic tectonic zones are then determined, which provide a quantitative basis for earthquake tendency analysis and judgment.     

Construction of two selectable markers for integrative/conjugative plasmids in Flavobacterium columnare

Flavobacterium columnare, the etiological agent of columnaris disease, is one of the most important and widespread bacterial pathogens of freshwater fish. In this study, we constructed two artificial selectable markers (chloramphenicol and spectinomycin resistance) for gene transfer in F. columnare. These two new artificial selectable markers, which were created by placing the chloramphenicol or spectinomycin resistance gene under the control of the native acs regulatory region of F. columnare, were functional in both F. columnare and Escherichia coli. The integrative/conjugative plasmids constructed by using these markers were introduced into F. columnare G4 via electroporation or conjugation. The integrated plasmid DNA was confirmed by Southern blotting and PCR analysis. These two markers can be employed in future investigations into gene deletion and the pathogenicity of virulence factors in F. columnare.     

形变速率累加法在青藏块体东北缘跨断层水准资料中的应用

运用形变速率累加法对青藏决体东北缘积累近30年的6个跨断层流动水准场地观测资料进行了分析,讨论了异常信息提取的经验和方法,搜集并分析了各场地周围400 km范围内的震例,获得了形变速率累加法的应用经验与前兆异常特征:①异常累加图比原始曲线图在异常的识别上更加突出和直观;②该方法只对超出控制限较连续的异常点残差进行累加,发生间隔较长的异常点则不进行累加计算;③从异常开始到发生地震的时间上得知,该方法可作为地震中期预报指标。