VLBI监控系统的改进

对Mark5B监控系统软件的设计思想、软件功能、通讯机制等几个方面作了介绍。Mark5B记录系统是当今世界VLBI观测台站中广泛使用的最为先进的记录系统之一,也是VLBI终端系统的重要组成部分。研制Mark5B监控系统软件的主要目的是进一步提高VLBI终端记录系统的可靠性,保障VLBI联测数据有效和高质量。该软件是在Qt开发环境下采用signals/slots的安全类型机制,并在Qt creator IDE上设计图形界面,完成数据采集和网络通信工作。Mark5B监控系统不仅适用于VLBI天体物理测量观测、VLBI测地观测,而且适用于中国VLBI网(The Chinese VLBI Network,CVN)联测。     

我国四种典型土类有机碳剖面分布特征

以中国黑土、褐土、水稻土和砖红壤4种典型农田土类为研究对象,分析了不同土类有机碳、碳氮比和有机碳密度的剖面分布特征。结果表明：土壤有机碳含量随土层加深而呈现递减趋势;褐土有机碳含量最低,固碳潜力较大;黑土、砖红壤C／N比值明显高于水稻土和褐土,各类土壤耕地表层土壤C／N比值与第二次土壤普查数据相比有明显降低,有可能会影...     

Source and profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish in Daya Bay, South China Sea

Changes in cell density and cyst flux of Alexandrium tamarense, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin contents in shellfishes, and environmental parameters were measured in two stations in Daya Bay, South China Sea from March 2005 to July 2006. Vegetative cells of A. tamarense occurred sporadically; however, they presented abundantly during the winter months. Meanwhile, cyst flux reached its maximum level just following the peak abundance of motile cells. The PSP contents in shellfish were generally low, but higher in winter with the maximum of 14,015 μg STX equiv./kg. The majority of toxins were found in digestive glands, with a maximum of 66,227 μg STX equiv./kg. There were significant positive relationships between toxin level and vegetative cell density and cyst flux. This indicates that vegetative cells and cysts of Alexandrium significantly influenced PSP level, and could be an important source of PSP toxins in shellfish during winter.     

Prediction research of deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions

Weak rock zone (soft interlayer, fault zone and soft rock) is the highlight of large-scale geological engineering research. It is an important boundary for analysis of rock mass stability. Weak rock zone has been formed in a long geological period, and in this period, various rocks have undergone long-term consolidation of geostatic stress and tectonic stress; therefore, under in-situ conditions, their density and modulus of deformation are relatively high. Due to its fragmentary nature, once being exposed to the earth’s surface, the structure of weak rock zone will soon be loosened, its density will be reduced, and its modulus of deformation will also be reduced significantly. Generally, weak rock zone can be found in large construction projects, especially in the dam foundation rocks of hydropower stations. These rocks cannot be eliminated completely by excavation. Furthermore, all tests nowadays are carried out after the exposure of weak rock zone, modulus of deformation under in-situ conditions cannot be revealed. In this paper, a test method explored by the authors has been introduced. This method is a whole multilayered medium deformation method. It is unnecessary to eliminate the relatively complete rocks covering on weak rock zone. A theoretical formula to obtain the modulus of deformation in various mediums has also been introduced. On-site comparative trials and indoor deformation modulus tests under equivalent density conditions have been carried out. We adopted several methods for the prediction researches of the deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions, and revealed a fact that under in-situ conditions, the deformation modulus of weak rock zone are several times higher than the test results obtained after the exposure. In a perspective of geological engineering, the research findings have fundamentally changed peoples’ concepts on the deformation modulus of weak rock zone, provided important theories and methods for precise definition of deformation modulus of deep weak rock zone under cap rock conditions, as well as for reasonable engineering applications.     

Evaluating foreland basin partitioning in the northern Andes using Cenozoic fill of the Floresta basin,Eastern Cordillera,Colombia

This paper addresses foreland basin fragmentation through integrated detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology, sandstone petrography, facies analysis and palaeocurrent measurements from a Mesozoic–Cenozoic clastic succession preserved in the northern Andean retroarc fold‐thrust belt. Situated along the axis of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, the Floresta basin first received sediment from the eastern craton (Guyana shield) in the Cretaceous–early Palaeocene and then from the western magmatic arc (Central Cordillera) starting in the mid‐Palaeocene. The upper‐crustal magmatic arc was replaced by a metamorphic basement source in the middle Eocene. This, in turn, was replaced by an upper‐crustal fold‐thrust belt source in the late Eocene which persisted until Oligocene truncation of the Cenozoic section by the eastward advancing thrust front. Sedimentary facies analysis indicates minimal changes in depositional environments from shallow marine to low‐gradient fluvial and estuarine deposits. These same environments are recorded in coeval strata across the Eastern Cordillera. Throughout the Palaeogene, palaeocurrent and sediment provenance data point to a uniform western or southwestern sediment source. These data show that the Floresta basin existed as part of a laterally extensive, unbroken foreland basin connected with the proximal western (Magdalena Valley) basin from mid‐Paleocene to late Eocene time when it was isolated by uplift of the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera. The Floresta basin was also connected with the distal eastern (Llanos) basin from the Cretaceous until its late Oligocene truncation by the advancing thrust front.     

Cyclic Shearing Deformation Behavior of Saturated Clays

The apparatus for static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear soil testing is employed to perform stress-controlled cyclic single-direction torsional shear tests and two-direction coupled shear tests under unconsolidated-undrained conditions. Through a series of tests on saturated clay, the effects of initial shear stress and stress reversal on the clay’s strain-stress behavior are examined, and the behavior of pore water pressure is studied. The experimental results indicate that the patterns of stress-strain relations are distinctly influenced by the initial shear stress in the cyclic single-direction shear tests. When the initial shear stress is large and no stress reversal occurs, the predominant deformation behavior is characterized by an accumulative effect. When the initial shear stress is zero and symmetrical cyclic stress occurs, the predominant deformation behavior is characterized by a cyclic effect. The pore water pressure fluctuates around the confining pressure with the increase of cycle number. It seems that the fluctuating amplitude increases with the increase of the cyclic stress. But a buildup of pore water pressure does not occur. The de- formations of clay samples under the complex initial and the cyclic coupled stress conditions include the normal deviatoric deforma- tion and horizontal shear deformation, the average deformation and cyclic deformation. A general strain failure criterion taking into account these deformations is recommended and is proved more stable and suitable compared to the strain failure criteria currently used.     

Serum immunoglobulin of the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi with development of polyclonal antibody

Serum immunoglobulin from the mandarin fish, or the so-called Chinese perch,Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), was successfully purified using affinity chromatography. Heavy and light chains were detected on electrophoresis gel, with molecular weights being estimated at 72 and 29 kDa, respectively. The tetrameric IgM ofS. chuatsi was calculated to be 808 kDa. The rabbit polyclonal antisera against the purifed immunoglobulin were developed and tested by Western blot analysis. The antisera reacted strongly with the heavy chains ofS. chuatsi immunoglobulin. Humoral immune responses of the mandarin fish can then be examined using the developed polyclonal antibody. Project No. 30025035 supported by NSFC, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2000FB02), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ9511-B1-111).     

云南巧家MS5.0地震灾害特点与减灾对策分析

2020年5月18日21时47分云南省巧家县小河镇发生M_S5.0地震,本文结合震区背景信息和现场调查结果,详细阐述了此次地震人员伤亡、房屋震害、地质灾害情况及致灾原因。分析认为,震区易发生小震致灾现象,与当地民居抗震性能较差、次生地质灾害严重、人口密集且居住地多位于山坡及山底等因素有关。为避免小震致灾,应提高震区及周边地区建筑物抗震能力,进行合理规划,迁移高风险区居民点。     

利用GPS数据探讨鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地壳动态演化特征

利用GPS大地测量数据,借助最小二乘配置方法构建位移与应变间的偏导关系,探讨了鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地震空区近10年尺度地壳运动速度场、应变场的动态演化特征,分析了研究区域较少发生地震的成因。结果表明：地壳物质流在阿拉善地块、鄂尔多斯地块与西秦岭构造区的复杂地质构造交汇处,地壳内部物质流加速东移,板块间应力积累特征不显著;六盘山断裂、陇县—宝鸡断裂带以西,显示了EW向或NE向的压应变,而沿断裂走向则以拉应变为主,表明西侧地壳物质沿鄂尔多斯地块西南缘东迁顺时针旋转的运动状态;在岐山至扶风一带,出现了面膨胀的特征,释放了地壳内部的压应力,但构造内部运动并无闭锁现象出现,这可能降低了研究区域地震孕育与发生的风险。     

区域经济增长中的产业结构变动效应——以广西为例

基于产业结构贡献统计的多部门经济模型,分析1951—2012年广西产业结构变动对经济增长贡献的时间差异和2002—2012年广西各地区产业结构变动对区域经济增长贡献的空间差异。受计划经济和市场经济下不同政策手段与方式的影响,在时间上广西产业结构变动对经济增长贡献呈两阶段波动收敛,在空间上三大经济区呈自西向东梯度推移的规律性变化,因受二产不断增加因素的影响,14个城市间产业结构变动过程差异显著,且三大经济区和14个城市的经济政策使产业结构变动与区域经济增长呈反向变化。后工业社会和市场经济条件下,完善开放统一要素市场,促进要素资源流动,构建分工合理与布局科学的产业体系,逐步以间接调控方式并遵循市场规律来推动产业结构优化和升级,应成为国家从宏观层面制定产业结构调整政策时需要考量的重点。