适用于多种卫星数据的太湖水体漫衰减系数估算算法

下行漫衰减系数(K_d)是描述水下光场的重要参数,决定水体真光层深度,影响着浮游藻类初级生产力及其分布特征.基于2008—2013年太湖4次大规模野外试验数据,分析太湖水体漫衰减系数特征及其影响因素,建立适用于多种卫星数据且较高精度的太湖水体490 nm处下行漫衰减系数估算模型.结果表明:无机悬浮物是太湖水体漫衰减系数的主要影响因素;红绿波段比值(674 nm/555 nm)最适合于太湖K_d(490)估算,模型反演精度较高(N=72,R~2=0.72,RMSE=0.89 m~(-1),MAPE=21.58%);利用实测光谱数据,模拟得到MODIS/EOS、OLCI/Sentinel-3、GOCI/COMS和MSI/Sentinel-2等主要传感器波段的信号,构建适用于多种卫星传感器K_d(490)估算的红绿波段模型,建模精度较高(N=72,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%),且进行了验证(N=37,R~20.7,RMSE0.9 m~(-1),MAPE22.0%).     

北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征

本文以一个完整的省级行政单元(北京市)为例,进行系统的、大尺度的土壤Cr,Ni含量的空间分布与污染评价研究,通过地统计学方法分析揭示了北京市土壤中Cr,Ni的空间结构与分布特征,并探索其主要成因,为全面了解北京市的土壤环境质量和开展大规模的土壤环境质量评价研究等提供方法学借鉴和参考.结果表明:土壤Cr,Ni含量的空间结构具有较好的可迁性特点;指数模型拟合效果较好,变程分别为174.6km和15km;半变异函数的方向性分析表明,Cr,Ni均为各向同性,土壤中Cr,Ni具有中等程度的空间相关性.土壤中Cr含量的分布特征为空间相关范围较大,从总体趋势来看,土壤Cr含量的分布较为连续,呈明显的东高西低的分布趋势,大致可以分为3个大的斑块,西北方向(太行山山脉)土壤Cr含量较低,而东南方向(冲积平原)土壤Cr含量相对居中,东北部(燕山山脉)的土壤Cr含量最高.土壤Ni含量的空间分布比较零散,其分布大致表现为东北部地区最高,西南部居中,中部地区最低.研究还揭示,北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量目前仍主要受成土母质的影响,但是个别地区也存在明显的Cr,Ni含量严重偏高现象.     

甘肃花牛山东钾长花岗岩40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义

对甘肃花牛山东复式花岗岩体中钾长花岗岩的钾长石进行了详细的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年龄测定,11个加热阶段所获数据构成-条相关关系非常好的直线,其对应的等时线年龄为194.25±1.96 Ma(2σ).⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为288.87±2.17(2σ),接近于尼尔值(295.5).鉴于该岩体形成之后未受到明显的构造-岩浆活动或其它热事件的影响,因此,194 Ma代表了钾长花岗岩钾长石的形成时代.花牛山东钾长花岗岩是燕山早期构造-岩浆活动的产物.由此推断,花牛山地区构造-岩浆活动时间不是印支期,更不是海西期,而是中生代燕山早期.     

Elemental and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains

Systematic results of major and trace element geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Triassic in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains are presented. The rocks are classified into greywackes or feldspar sandstones, grains of which are the mixtures of mafic rocks, felsic rocks, and quartz+calcite. Total rare earth elements (REE) contents of the rocks increase gradually and negative Eu anomalies become more obvious from Precambrian to Triassic, which may indicate intensifying crustal anatexis. Tectonic setting was stable during the Late Paleozoic, therefore there are obvious negative Ce anomalies. Nd model ages are between 1.6 Ga and 2.4 Ga, which are very similar to those of the Yangtze craton, South Qinling and North Qinling belts and quite different from those of the North China craton. Therefore, provenance of the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains was the Yangtze craton and/or the Qinling orogen, which evolved on the basis of the Yangtze craton. The correlation between provenances and tectonostratigraphic strata of the western Yangtze craton shows that the source materials should be primarily from Neoproterozoic. Secondary sources were Archean and Paleoproterozoic strata. Triassic clastic sedimentary rocks contain Late Paleozoic mantle-derived materials, represented by the Emeishan Permian flood basalts. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in the east and the north and depositing areas of deep water were in the west and the south for the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic. Translated from Geology in China, 2006, 33(1): 109–118 [译自: 中国地质]     

西乌珠穆沁旗巴彦呼舒花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄、地球化学、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

本文报道的花岗闪长岩位于内蒙古巴彦呼舒以东10 km处。大地构造位于中亚造山带中段的锡林浩特晚古生代褶皱带。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得该岩体的侵位年龄为236.1±3.4Ma。花岗闪长岩Si O2为66.93%~67.22%,Al2O3为15.13%~15.53%,K2O为2.47%~2.56%,Na2O为4.35%~4.46%,A/CNK值为0.94~0.95,显示该地区花岗闪长岩属于偏铝质钙碱性岩;亏损高场强元素,Sr达416.6×10-6~425.7×10-6,Sr/Y值为42~49,显示出高Sr低Y的典型特征,具有Adakite(高锶低钇中酸性岩)或者高Sr花岗岩的特点。花岗闪长岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于13.3~15.7之间;两阶段模式年龄分别为249~356Ma和258~422Ma。综合分析表明,花岗闪长岩为西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞闭合后,加厚的下地壳部分熔融作用的产物。     

郑州市航空港区应急水源地数值模拟研究

在分析郑州市航空港区地质、水文地质条件的基础上,采用Visual Modflow软件对郑州市航空港区应急水源地进行了地下水数值模拟研究,通过对研究区的地下水流场与实测资料的识别与校正,建立地下水模型,并对不同的开采方案进行预测评价,为拟建水源地的科学运行提供了重要依据。     

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中多处发现含晚古生代放射虫硅质岩

作者继１９９３年１０月在赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中首次发现晚古生代深水相放射虫硅质岩之后，经过１９９５年和１９９６年两次野外工作，又在该混杂岩带中及其两侧多处发现了含晚古生代放射虫的硅质岩及其深水相的沉积组合。从而为华南晚古生代或古生代—中生代洋盆的厘定，以及华南大地构造格局的再认识，提供了有力的新论据     

中国黄土高原红粘土环境磁学研究进展

黄土高原地区的红粘土沉积序列蕴含着晚新生代气候变化和高原隆升的信息.最近的研究表明,红粘土与上覆的黄土-古土壤序列具有相似的磁学性质,用环境磁学的方法可以成功地提取红粘土中的古环境、古气候信息.文章评述了近年来红粘土环境磁学研究所取得的一系列进展,对黄土高原红粘土的磁学性质、磁学参数的古环境意义以及红粘土磁化率所记录的米兰科维奇气候周期和东亚夏季风的演化历史等问题进行了回顾和讨论.     

Application of multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in sediment and waters: a case study in Yangzhong,China

Multivariate statistical approach is used to identify the sources of heavy metals (Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, U, V, and Zn) in surface water and freshly deposited riverine sediment samples in Yangzhong city, China. The metal concentration data for the water and sediment samples are reported in terms of basic statistical parameters and metal-to-metal correlations. In both surface water and sediment samples, significant correlations are observed between some metals. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis distinguishes factors of lithogenic and anthropogenic origin. Bismuth, Cd, Co, and Pb (Co only for water samples) contents are controlled by the regional lithogenic high background factor; Co, Mn, U, and V (Co only for sediment samples) are interpreted to be mainly inherited from soil parent materials, while Cr, Zn, and Mn in the two kinds of samples are recognized as the tracer of industrial pollution. Obvious similarity between factor loadings of the two kinds of samples is observed, evidencing that metal variability in the two kinds of samples is controlled by the same sources. Statistical analysis agrees with discussion based on background value and field survey of point-source pollutant affected sediment, making this statistical discussion more convincing.     

不同降温速率约束下橄榄石晶体形态演变及其地质意义

基于控制降温速率的动力结晶实验,对五大连池老黑山钾质玄武质熔岩的冷却结晶过程中橄榄石晶体形态随降温速率变化动力学演变进行了研究。实验研究表明,老黑山钾质玄武岩的熔融温度发生在1 022 ℃～1 260 ℃之间,峰值为1 166.3 ℃～1 186.5 ℃;实验产物主要由橄榄石和玻璃质组成,新生的橄榄石晶体形态差异较大,有针状骸晶、铁轨状骸晶、羽毛状雏晶、细长条状和粒状微晶。橄榄石晶体的生长、尺寸和形态、分布和实验产物的结晶程度与降温速率之间存在着密切关联。随着降温速率的变慢,橄榄石从针状（0.075 ℃ /min～0.5 ℃ /min）、铁轨状（0.075 ℃ /min～0.5 ℃ /min）、放射状与羽毛状（0.046 8 ℃ /min～0.075 ℃ /min）、细长条状（0.062 5 ℃ /min）等晶体演变为粒状微晶（0.03 ℃ /min）;同时,岩石的结晶程度逐渐增强,橄榄石晶体尺寸逐渐变大、自形程度逐渐变高,玻璃相和气孔逐渐减少。这种新生橄榄石形态的变化与降温速率的内在关联性,对认识老黑山熔岩流固结的动力结晶机制、熔岩流的运动机制有一定科学意义。