江苏省1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据修测与建库

1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据是江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的重要组成部分,本文根据江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的要求,结合全省现有的基础地理数据库建设的现状,叙述了对全省范围内的17幅1∶25万DLG、DOM,4幅1∶100万DLG数据如何进行修测、更新和入库,并建立相应的元数据库的过程和方法。     

汶川地震前成都台重力的高频扰动

汶川8.0级地震发生前48小时,距震中约37千米的成都地震台GS15型重力仪记录到了附有高频扰动的潮汐观测数据。对该仪器不同时段观测数据的比较表明：这种高频扰动主要来自外界因素的影响。对2008年32个热带气旋,以及5.0—7.0级地震的统计分析表明：与热带气旋对应出现的高频扰动比例高于地震震前出现的扰动,而且低等级的相似距离的热带气旋也能够产生类似扰动现象。由此判定,汶川地震前48小时成都地震台出现的重力高频扰动主要来自热带气旋的影响。     

基于视频监控图像的环巢湖蓝藻实时动态监测

蓝藻的防控与治理是湖泊水环境、水生态管理的重要内容,实时获取蓝藻的空间分布信息对于降低蓝藻灾害风险具有重要意义.针对地面调查费时费力、卫星遥感监测粒度较粗且时效性不强等问题,本文提出了一种基于视频监控网络的湖泊蓝藻实时监测技术.基于环巢湖视频监控网络的33个功能摄像机,研究如何从视频图像中实时、准确提取蓝藻的分布信息.为克服不同摄像头的观测角度不一致、光照强度和背景条件不一致等诸多挑战,在视频图像蓝藻表征分析的基础上,通过多尺度深度网络进行图像粗粒度分类,区分蓝藻与浑浊、阴影水体;基于随机森林进行蓝藻精细化识别,克服蓝藻的强异质性.最后以渔政站沿岸水域的日均蓝藻覆盖率和月均蓝藻覆盖率为统计单位,开展了巢湖沿岸蓝藻的动态监测.研究成果可为科学制定蓝藻治理方案提供技术支撑.     

太子河流域早寒武世馒头期沉积环境及硬石膏矿床成因

太子河流域下寒武统馒头组可划分4个相带,即潮上膏云岩相,潮上白云岩相,潮间灰岩白云岩相,潮下云斑灰岩相,属障壁海碳酸盐潮坪沉积。石膏形成于潮上带萨布哈,是干旱、燥热环境下的产物。成矿有利的古地理环境是古岛的前缘。     

伽师序列中小地震震源机制分析

采用点源位错模型,层状介质速度结构,通过计算理论地震图,与观测的地震垂直向记录的直达P、S波最大振幅拟合,反演震源机制的方法。系统查阅了万余张地震记录图件,得到可信的小地震震源机制共计554个。有震源机制的地震完全覆盖了序列的震区范围,时间上也分布于序列的各个阶段,因此认为这些小地震对于地震序列具有一定的代表性。计算2个震源机制的2个P轴在三维空间中的夹角和2个T轴之间的夹角,再以2个夹角之和作为距离,采用系统聚类的方法对大量地震震源机制解进行分类。取和主体破裂方向(NE)一致的两类正断层地震,求其占全部类型的地震数目的比例,用来刻画应力场的变动情况。对照伽师序列的6级强震,两类正断层地震出现3次显著的增加。3组强震都在其后发生,这就给出了确切的前兆信息。小地震震源机制显示出的变化,表明它们对于强震孕育发生非常灵敏。文章最后提出伽师强震序列的块体旋转成因模型。     

Simulating the hydraulic characteristics of the lower Yellow River by the finite‐volume technique

The finite‐volume technique is used to solve the two‐dimensional shallow‐water equations on unstructured mesh consisting of quadrilateral elements. In this paper the algorithm of the finite‐volume method is discussed in detail and particular attention is paid to accurately representing the complex irregular computational domain. The lower Yellow River reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan is a typical meandering river. The generation of the computational mesh, which is used to simulate the flood, is affected by the distribution of water works in the river channel. The spatial information about the two Yellow River levee, the protecting dykes, and those roads that are obviously higher than the ground, need to be used to generate the computational mesh. As a result these dykes and roads locate the element interfaces of the computational mesh. In the model the finite‐volume method is used to solve the shallow‐wave equations, and the Osher scheme of the empirical function is used to calculate the flux through the interface between the neighbouring elements. The finite‐volume method has the advantage of using computational domain with complex geometry, and the Osher scheme is a method based on characteristic theory and is a monotone upwind numerical scheme with high resolution. The flood event with peak discharge of 15 300 m³/s, occurring in the period from 30 July to 10 August 1982, is simulated. The estimated result indicates that the simulation method is good for routing the flood in a region with complex geometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on Basin-Filling and Reservoir Sedimentology of Zhu Ⅲ Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

Zhu depression constitutes the western partof the PearlRiver Mouth(PRM) basin,which lies in the northern SouthChina Sea.It covers an area of about110 0 0 km2 and containsover 10 km thick sediments.The depression consists of sevensub- tectonic units:half- graben Wenchang A(HGW- A) ,half-graben Wenchang B (HGW- B) ,half- graben Wenchang C(HGW- C ) ,half- graben Qionghai (HGQ ) ,horst Qionghai(HQH ) ,half- graben Yangjiang (HGYJ) and horst Yangjiang(HYJ) (Fig.1) .In early 1980 …     

中大比例尺地形图坐标转换中图廓整饰处理研究

随着地心坐标系的推广应用,在现有地形图坐标转换的过程中,图廓整饰是一个重要环节和难点.图幅进行坐标转换时会发生平移、旋转、缩放,导致原图廓转换后不符合国家标准图式规范.为了保证输出时图廓信息的完整性,本文总结了坐标转换时图廓整饰的特点和处理方法,实现了现有地形图坐标转换中的图廓整饰处理,并已应用于三调、油田、林业、城市规划,多个省、市基础地理信息坐标转换软件的开发中.实践证明,此方法适用于大部分地形图图廓整饰的坐标转换问题.     

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