Water diffusion in dacitic melt

H₂O diffusion in dacitic melt was investigated at 0.48-0.95 GPa and 786-893 K in a piston-cylinder apparatus. The diffusion couple design was used, in which a nominally dry dacitic glass makes one half and is juxtaposed with a hydrous dacitic glass containing up to ∼8 wt.% total water (H₂O_t). H₂O concentration profiles were measured on quenched glasses with infrared microspectroscopy. The H₂O diffusivity in dacite increases rapidly with water content under experimental conditions, similar to previous measurements at the same temperature but at pressure <0.15 GPa. However, compared with the low-pressure data, H₂O diffusion at high pressure is systematically slower. H₂O diffusion profiles in dacite can be modeled by assuming molecular H₂O (H₂O_m) is the diffusing species. Total H₂O diffusivity D_H2Ot within 786-1798 K, 0-1 GPa, and 0-8 wt.% H₂O_t can be expressed as: where D_H2Ot is in m²/s, T is temperature in K, P is pressure in GPa, K = exp(1.49 − 2634/T) is the equilibrium constant of speciation reaction (H₂O_m+O?2OH) in the melt, X = C/18.015/[C/18.015 + (100 − C)/33.82], C is wt.% of H₂O_t, and 18.015 and 33.82 g/mol correspond to the molar masses of H₂O and anhydrous dacite on a single oxygen basis. Compared to H₂O diffusion in rhyolite, diffusivity in dacite is lower at intermediate temperatures but higher at superliquidus temperatures. This general H₂O diffusivity expression can be applied to a broad range of geological conditions, including both magma chamber processes and volcanic eruption dynamics from conduit to the surface.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

NOAA卫星沙尘暴光谱特征分析及信息提取研究

通过对2000—2002年多次沙尘暴过程NOAA卫星AVHRR资料的分析,研究了沙尘、云、沙漠、戈壁、积雪、裸地、植被等不同目标物的光谱特性,发现沙尘暴在AVHRR-2中各通道均有不同程度的反映。1,2通道中沙尘的反射率较高(介于云和沙漠之间);4,5通道的亮温低于晴空地表高于云;在3通道中沙尘表现的很独特,其亮度温度为所有研究目标物中最高的,表明通道3包含较多的沙尘信息,AVHRR-3取代AVHRR-2后对监测沙尘有不利影响。在此基础上提出定量提取沙尘信息的两种沙尘判识指数,并利用沙尘判识指数成功地提取多次沙尘暴过程的沙尘信息。结果表明：利用多通道组合沙尘判识指数能够对沙尘信息进行有效提取。     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

通化市东昌区金厂至白鸡腰沿线采石场及采砂场矿山地质环境治理

本次需要治理的5处矿山遗留的地质环境问题严阻碍了社会发展,使当地人居环境恶化。综合地质灾害、生态环境、气象水文条件以及居民生产活动等因素,提出合理的治理工程方案,解决治理区内突出的矿山地质环境问题,消除或减少露采边坡存在的威胁,改善生态环境,营造一个宜居、宜人的生存环境,确保地方经济的可持续发展。通过治理消除或最大限度的减少露采边坡存在的威胁,确保人民生命财产安全和社会稳定。     

冀北赤城二堡子片麻状角闪二长岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

运用岩相学研究理论和元素地球化学研究理论,针对冀北赤城二堡子片麻状角闪二长岩,进行岩相学(4件样品)和地球化学分析(4件样品),结果表明:角闪二长岩的矿物成分为斜长石(30%~35%)、碱性长石(25%~30%)、角闪石(15%~20%)、石英(10%~15%)和黑云母(5%~10%)等。岩石中w(SiO2)介于60.16%~62.16%之间,w(K2O+Na2O)为8.56%~8.82%,稀土总量较高(ΣREE为246.30×10-6~317.76×10-6),(La/Yb)N值为28.18~42.79,具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的分配模式,Eu异常(Eu/Eu*值为0.90~1.03)及Ce异常(Ce/Ce*值为0.91~0.98)均不明显,富集大离子亲石元素(如Ba,Rb,Sr和Th等)及轻稀土元素(如La,Ce和Nd等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Zr和Hf等)。角闪二长岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为243.1Ma±1.8 Ma,锆石的Th/U比值为0.709~1.258,表明其形成于三叠纪,应该是中生代印支期岩浆作用的产物,这是赤城地区确定的第二个印支期中酸性侵入岩体,其形成可能与赤城-崇礼断裂带在印支期重新活动有关。赤城印支期角闪二长岩体的确定表明赤城、崇礼地区存在印支期(~239Ma^243Ma)岩浆-变质-构造热事件,这对于冀北大地构造演化特征的确定具有重要的指示意义。     

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系湖相白云岩 地质特征及古环境意义

湖相白云岩是渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段发现的一种特殊油气储层类型。根据钻井岩心、古生物、薄 片、扫描电镜及电子探针等分析,确定了该套白云岩的主要岩石类型及矿物特征,并通过地球化学特征分析,对白云岩的 形成环境进行了探讨。北塘凹陷白云岩常与泥岩和方沸石岩呈互层状产出,其次为均匀块状;矿物成分主要有白云石、方 沸石、粘土矿物等。通过X射线衍射、主微量元素地球化学分析,对白云岩形成时的古盐度、古温度、水深、氧化还原条 件等进行了研究,认为研究区白云岩沉积于高盐度、较高水体温度和较高PH值的半咸水湖湾还原环境。海水的侵入使湖水 的含盐度增大,提供了有利的物理化学条件,促进了白云岩的形成。     

Co-production of Tight Gas and Coalbed Methane from Single Wellbore: a Simulation Study from Northeastern Ordos Basin,China

Natural Resources Research - Focusing on vertical multi-layer superimposition of unconventional natural gas reservoirs in coal-bearing strata, research on the co-production of tight gas and coalbed...     

基于动态聚类法的安顺降雪环流分型研究

该文以500 hPa环流作为关键影响因子,采用K-means动态聚类分型,将近10 a安顺降雪划分为平直气流型（Ⅰ）、南支槽型（Ⅱ）、多波动型（Ⅲ）3种主要形势。个例分析和合成分析表明:3种形势下降雪过程中相态变化、区域、持续时间等特点有所不同。合成分析还表明：3种形势在500 hPa环流上有明显的区别,Ⅰ型在高原东侧到贵州的气流基本平直,Ⅱ型从高原东侧到贵州有1个明显的南支槽,Ⅲ型在高原东侧到贵州有多个波动槽影响,在高原北侧沿河套地区和孟湾以东均有槽影响,形成阶梯槽。此外滇黔准静止锋的强度、影响区域、物理量以及垂直方向湿度配置、逆温等方面均有所区别：Ⅰ型湿层和上升区浅薄,有1℃左右逆温;Ⅱ型湿层较薄,Ⅱ型在贵州中部有3℃逆温范围较窄;Ⅲ型中低层有宽广的湿层,水汽和抬升条件配合较好,几乎没有逆温。     

磨西-田湾剪切带氡异常及其对金矿化的指示

测氡方法是寻找深部隐伏矿的一种放射性地球物理方法.在川西田湾大发沟矿床,由于金矿化严格受剪切带和辉绿岩脉控制,且剪切带与辉绿岩脉密切伴生,因此,应用测氡方法寻找剪切带和辉绿岩脉可以达到间接找金矿的目的.