土地利用动态变化研究——以兰州市为例

基于兰州市1997-2005年土地详查与变更调查数据,采用计量地理模型和空间分析方法,对土地利用的数量结构和空间格局现状及其变化进行了定量分析.结果表明:(1)兰州市现有土地资源具有明显的地域差异,这种差异与其所处的地理位置、地形地貌、经济水平等密切相关;(2)土地利用结构的多样性和土地利用组合类型呈现由东向西、由南向北依次递减的规律;(3)从土地利用空间格局分析,居民点及工矿用地的破碎度指数最大,牧草地破碎度指数最小,这表明人类活动强度与景观破碎程度成正比.     

数字地磁台站质量控制

针对电磁学科对数字地磁台站的运行管理要求,结合中国地震前兆台网数据处理系统V1.5,解读台站日常数据处理质量控制流程,分析台站日常工作中的注意事项及技巧.     

聊古一井气氡资料异常分析

概述了聊古一井气氡观测情况及其资料情况,分析了两次地震前该井气氡资料的异常.通过震例分析可以看出,气氡的异常属于短临异常,并且气氡测项对于发生在该区域内的4级以上地震有映震能力.在日常观测中,当出现异常时应注意首先排除诸如气温、气压及井压的影响因素.     

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ,Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools,the proton precession magne-tometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip(EP2C35).The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor,developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits,programming some hardware units' VHDL code,for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPL...     

基于统计学的北京城市居住用地价格驱动力分析

使用统计学方法从微观上研究了北京市城市居住用地价格的驱动力因子,包括可达性、土地开发强度、文体基础设施和新型交通方式等.利用T检验以及Pearson相关分析法确定驱动力因子为与市中心、与火车站的距离、容积率、1000 m以内的公交路线数、1000 m内是否存在轨道交通和文化设施.并用因子分析将6个因子分为四类.岭回归方法表明这6种因子贡献了自变量Y变化的73.2%.其中与市中心的距离是影响居住用地价格的最重要因素,距离越大居住用地价格越低:容积率与居住用地旱明显的正相关,容积率越高,地价越高;与火车站的距离、1000 m以内的公交路线数等可达性因素对居住用地价格也有影响.1000 m文化设施与轨道交通对周边的土地价格存在明显的增值作用.基十此,本文提出发展轨道交通、改造低效率土地利用方式和加强小区文体设施建设等建议促进城市地价空间分布的优化,提高城市的整体价值.     

Direct time-domain soil profile reconstruction for one-dimensional semi-infinite domains

We discuss the inverse medium problem associated with the reconstruction of the heterogeneous material profile of a semi-infinite (layered) soil medium, directly in the time domain, based on the complete waveform response of the medium to interrogating waves. To tackle the inversion process, we use a partial-differential-equation-constrained optimization approach, supplemented with a time-dependent regularization scheme. We introduce an absorbing boundary to truncate the semi-infinite extent of the physical domain, and propose two schemes to refine the reconstructed profiles: the first is based on iteratively re-positioning the truncation boundary until convergence, and the second is based on optimizing the observation period, so as to exclude records with information beyond the truncation boundary. We present numerical results that attest to the efficacy of the proposed schemes in reconstructing sharp profiles of semi-infinite soil domains using both noise-free and noisy data, while in the presence of absorbing boundaries.     

Effects of spatial variation of soil properties on seismic performance of port structures

From past seismic events such as the 1995 Kobe (Hyogoken-Nanbu) and 2001 Nisqually earthquakes, it was found that liquefaction-induced lateral spread has caused significant damage to structures such as buildings and bridges, in addition to underground utility facilities like pipelines. In this respect, seaport facilities are particularly vulnerable to these liquefaction-related damages, because they are usually constructed on poorly consolidated natural deposit or fills. This study investigates the effect of the liquefaction and lateral spread on the seismic response of caisson type quay walls. For this purpose, 2D nonlinear dynamic analyses of soil–structure system are carried out with the aid of finite difference software, FLAC. The unique feature of this study lies in the fact that the 2D soil system is idealized as homogeneous non-Gaussian random field. A simulation algorithm is then used to generate a set of digital realizations of 2D random field sample. Each realization is used for the dynamic analysis to generate a unique response of the soil–structure system. Repeating this analysis for the entire set of realizations, the probabilistic nature of the response is characterized in the Monte Carlo sense. This result based on random field is compared with the response obtained under the uniform field assumption with the mean value of soil property. The comparison shows that in general the uniform model provides unconservative result compared with the response from the random field model due to nonlinear behavior of the soil–structure system. It is also found that the consideration of spatial variation of soil can capture the dispersion of observed response of quay walls.     

矿业城市地质灾害管理信息系统的开发

为了预防地质灾害的发生,加强地质环境的管理工作,更好的为管理决策人员提供服务,采用OLE A u tom ation技术与M ap in fo集成的开发环境开发了矿业城市地质灾害管理信息系统。此文章详细论述了矿业城市地质灾害管理信息系统开发的全过程,介绍了系统的总体设计原则、总体构成,以及建立系统的工作流程,将用户提供的A u to CAD图形转换导入到M ap in fo后根据用户要求归类建立图形库,并将地质灾害的相关数据进行归类统计建立了地质灾害属性数据库。文章同时介绍了系统的图形文件管理模块、数据采集及处理模块、查询统计模块、信息输出模块的建立,实现了图形浏览、图形的导入、图形的可视化、查询、输出的基本功能。     

面向智能车的地下停车场环视特征地图构建与定位

针对地下停车场环境GPS信号缺失的问题,本文在环视特征地图构建的基础上,提出基于二阶马尔科夫模型的粒子滤波定位算法(Markov model-particle filter,MM-PF),实现智能车在地下停车场环境中的高精度定位.在该模型中,环视特征地图节点被定义为粒子,查询图像被定义为观测数据.在状态转移过程中,引入二阶马尔可夫模型,对短时间车辆运动进行建模,构建状态转移模型.利用图像的全局特征建立当前车辆获取的图像与各粒子(环视地图节点)之间的匹配关系,从获取的汉明距离建立粒子权重分布模型,可以大幅提高系统的计算效率.当前车辆的位置由局部特征匹配获得.选取两个典型的地下停车场场景对本文算法进行验证,在选取的两个场景中,本文算法平均定位精度小于0.38 m,定位误差均方差小于0.29 m,定位误差在1 m以下的概率不低于95.4％.试验结果表明:本文所提出的二阶MM-PF算法能够将车辆的运动信息与视觉信息相融合,相较于对比算法,定位精度与稳健性得到大幅提高.