基于地理国情普查高分辨率遥感影像的道路提取方法研究

在地理国情普查中,道路作为地表覆盖数据的重--素,其提取方法与技术流程成为众多作业单位研究的重点,本文结合作者在地理国情普查中地表覆盖道路提取的经验,对道路的提取方法进行了归纳及总结,并提出了适用于地理国情普查任务中道路提取的方法。希望本文对日后的地理国情普查任务有所帮助。     

地理国情普查遥感正射影像制作关键技术研究

遥感影像作为地理国情普查生产的主要基础影像数据源,其正射影像制作过程的关键技术控制,是普查任务正确、顺利开展的基本保障,本文对这些关键技术进行了研究和分析。     

基于改进Kalman滤波算法的粗差修正及应用

现代动态数据处理中,以Kalman滤波为代表的现代时间序列分析方法发挥着举足轻重的作用。对于平稳性比较好的数据,一般方法都能够得到良好的处理结果,并可以做出相对准确预测,但是在动态数据中总会出现一些粗差值或异常值,如果这些异常数据不能得到有效的处理控制的话,不仅会对本期处理结果造成严重影响,还会因计算过程中状态值吸收此项粗差而对后期数据的处理结果产生影响。针对可能出现的粗差项及其带来的影响,本文首先详细地讲解了Kalman滤波的具体理论,在此基础上提出了一种改进的基于Kalman滤波的修正方法,经过实际实验发现,在无需先探测粗差的情况下,本方法能够对所含粗差项进行有效的修正并且效果良好。     

楔形构造在山前冲断构造位移量消减中的作用

介于复活的天山造山带与稳定的准噶尔克拉通之间的准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带,是印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的远距离效应产物,也是新近纪以来青藏高原隆升并向北推挤的直接结果。前陆冲断带吸收了来自造山带的水平缩短构造位移量后,克拉通一侧构造趋于稳定。准噶尔盆地南缘与世界上多数前陆冲断带构造地质特征相似,通过区域地震剖面的精细构造几何学和运动学解析,发现其中的楔形构造非常典型,是前陆冲断带内部冲断构造位移量消减的主要方式之一,控制着前陆冲断带分布范围和变形方式。准噶尔盆地南缘构造变形主要由南侧的天山造山带向北逆掩冲断,但是大部分冲断构造位移量是通过楔形构造反向传递后消减。紧邻天山北麓的齐古-喀拉扎-昌吉等构造带,山前深部的楔形体沿侏罗系西山窑组煤层向北扩展过程中,部分位移量沿构造楔顶部的反冲断层向南消减,并切割上覆地层形成第一排背斜带,另一部分位移量则继续向北传递,在断坡位置引发褶皱变形,形成霍-玛-吐第二排构造带和安集海-呼图壁第三排背斜带。准噶尔盆地南缘第二、三排构造带中-新生界内部发育多个小型的构造楔型体,这些互相叠置的楔型构造横向延伸不大,加大了构造变形的复杂性和构造圈闭识别的难度。     

越冬花椰菜气候适应性研究及灾害防御技术

2002~2004年试验研究结果表明,越冬花椰菜幼苗期适宜温度为15~25℃,最低温度5~7℃,最高温度25~30℃。莲座期适宜温度为4~20℃,最低-1~-3℃,最高21~22℃。花球形成期适宜温度一般为14~21℃,最低8~10℃,最高21~30℃。花椰菜生育期耗水量在767.2~933.5 mm之间,水分利用效率最高,超过950 mm或低于510 mm水分利用效率均显著降低。花椰菜生育期间低温冷害和高温伤害是造成减产和品质降低的主要气象灾害。     

基于RS、GIS技术对贵州土地利用/覆被演化信息图谱研究

自陈述彭先生提出地学信息图谱后,许多学者探讨了地学信息图谱的理论、方法和应用。近年来我国许多学者运用地学信息图谱进行了各方面的地学研究,但是利用遥感影像进行岩溶地区的研究是一个新的探讨。本文主要利用TM遥感影像解译的数据和地理信息系统(GIS)建立岩溶地区(贵州省)的土地利用／覆被演化的信息图谱。     

Evaluation of Karst Hazards for Civil and Industrial Buildings

The European part of Russia exhibits highly developed sulphate and carbonate karst. It mostly occurs within river valleys with relatively thin covering deposits. These conditions may induce karst collapses, which appear to be the main danger for civil and industrial buildings. Evolution of karst rocks includes several epochs of karst development, which causes complicated distribution of karst caves in karst rocks and, as the result, irregular distribution of karst caves on the surface. Karst hazards prediction is mostly reliable within the geotechnical system "Karst-Construction", using probability methods. This approach allows creating 3 types of antikarst protection (alternative design of construction arrangement on a plan, structural protection of a construction and plugging of karst caves beneath construction foundation) and selecting the optimum or the most effective version or their rational combination.     

Low-energy particle events associated with sector boundaries

Onsets of some 40 to 45 low-energy proton events during the years 1957–1969 coincided in time with transits of well-defined sector boundaries across the Earth. These events can be interpreted as long-lived proton streams filling up some of the magnetic sectors, indicating an acceleration of protons which is not associated with typical proton-producing flares. The sharp onsets of these particle streams, as well as a deficiency of flare-associated particle events shortly before the boundary transit, indicate that in some cases magnetic sector boundaries can inhibit transverse propagation of low-energy particles in the solar corona or in interplanetary space.     

UBVVI Surface Photometry of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 300 in the Sculptor Group

We present UBVI surface photometry over a 20.5' × 20.5' area of the late-type spiral galaxy NGC 300. We have derived isophotal maps, surface brightness profiles, ellipticity profiles, position angle profiles, and color profiles. By merging our I-band measurements with those of Boker et al. based on Hubble Space Telescope observations, we have obtained combined I-band surface brightness profiles for the region 0.02" < r < 500" and have decomposed the profiles into three components: a nucleus, a bulge, and an exponential disk.