The preliminary study of the high chlorophyll in the central Bohai Sea in summer

In the central Bohai Sea, both historical data and in situ observations show that the distribution of high chlorophyll concentration is consistent with warm water. The previous studies confirm that the warm water is caused by a joint effect of wave and tidal mixing. In this paper, the authors have coupled the Princeton ocean model (POM) with a biochemical model to further investigate the formation of the high chlorophyll concentration. When the wave mixing is excluded, the water temperature is lower and the chlorophyll concentration is also lower than the observation. However, if the wave mixing is included, strong wave mixing in the upper layer brings the warm water downward and nutrients upward so that both temperature and nutrients tend to be uniformly high from the surface to the bottom. This provides an environment which is favorable for the growth of the phytoplankton. Therefore the chlorophyll concentration, as a symbol of phytoplankton, shows high value in the central Bohai Sea. In conclusion, the wave mixing plays an important role in the formation of high chlorophyll concentration in the central Bohai Sea.     

杭州湾南岸浅滩的漫滩潮流数值模拟

在杭州湾浅滩上采用底座式ADCP测得单点的漫滩潮流流速、流向及同步水位的变化过程,并在此基础上建立平面二维潮流数值模型,分析整个潮滩上的漫滩潮流过程及其特征。在模型漫滩边界上采用向上取水位值的处理方法,使得模型计算稳定,并获得了稳定逼真的漫滩潮流模拟结果。模拟结果表明:漫滩潮流模拟过程与实测资料基本一致。因此在漫滩潮流模拟中向上取水位值的边界处理方法是可行的。研究成果为漫滩潮流的数值模拟提供了一种较实用的漫滩边界处理方法。     

苦地胆内酯对嗜水气单胞菌感染斑马鱼保护效果的研究

在饲料中添加不同比例的苦地胆内酯,饲喂斑马鱼成鱼14 d后,采用创伤感染法构建斑马鱼嗜水气单胞菌感染模型,研究苦地胆内酯对嗜水气单胞菌感染斑马鱼的保护效果.结果显示:饲喂含苦地胆内酯0.4%、0.8%、1.6%饲料的斑马鱼,其存活率显著高于阳性对照组(p值<0.05);0.8%和1.6%的苦地胆内酯对斑马鱼的保护率分别为(73.91±6.52)%和(73.91±11.30)%,与0.1%恩诺沙星保护率(76.08±7.53)%相比无显著差异(p值>0.05).一定剂量的苦地胆内酯对嗜水气单胞菌感染斑马鱼具有保护效果.     

阿姆河盆地侏罗系海相烃源岩地化特征及与中国海相烃源岩比较

阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相烃源岩是一套公认的成熟烃源岩,其成熟度与中国古生界高-过成熟度海相烃源岩不同,通过对阿姆河右岸地区上侏罗统岩石样品的地球化学分析及与中国塔里木和华北、四川、吐哈、渤海湾等盆地类似烃源岩的比对,研究了阿姆河盆地成熟海相烃源岩地化特征,建立了有机质丰度与类型的评价标准与图版。结果表明:阿姆河盆地侏罗系存在灰岩和泥岩两类海相烃源岩,灰岩有机质丰度略高于塔里木盆地古生界和华北地台中上元古界灰岩,与四川盆地二叠系灰岩接近,泥岩有机质丰度与吐哈盆地侏罗系煤系泥岩相当,成倍好于塔里木盆地、华北地台海相泥岩;海相泥岩属于Ⅰ₂~Ⅱ型烃源岩,海相灰岩属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ型烃源岩,综合分析认为:1）阿姆河盆地上侏罗统灰岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为0.5%,泥岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为3%;2）以低等生物为主的海相碳酸盐岩或泥岩,其可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”族组分、Pr/Ph与Ph/nC₁₈关系、甾烷ααα（C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉）-20R含量、多环芳香“三芴”系列等参数既揭示了烃源岩的生源环境,也是鉴别母质类型的良好参数。阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相泥岩和灰岩烃源岩评价标准与图版的建立,对国外海相盆地油气资源评价具有重要意义。     

西藏亚东-谷露裂谷带运动特征的InSAR研究

亚东-谷露裂谷等南北向分布的大型地堑在青藏高原新生代构造演化中发挥着重要作用,该研究对理解青藏高原中南部地堑在第四纪构造演化的地位具有重要意义。基于欧空局Envisat卫星2003~2008年SAR数据,利用SBAS时序InSAR技术,去除地形、大气、轨道等因素的影响,获取亚东-谷露裂谷带及邻区的LOS速度场,并反演亚东-谷露裂谷带的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明,亚东-谷露裂谷带南段与北段具有相同的倾滑速率,均为1 mm/a;其闭锁深度南段为31 km,北段为22 km;其断层倾角南段为52°,北段为40°,与地质结果一致。     

含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究

本文定义了各向异性黏弹性参数修正因子,并将其引入到黏弹性模型中以体现泥质含量对黏弹性机制的影响,同时将波传播过程中孔隙介质骨架黏弹性力学机制与两种孔隙流体流动力学机制（Biot流动和喷射流动机制）有机地统一起来处理,从而给出了描述含泥质低孔渗孔隙各向异性介质中波传播规律的黏弹性Biot/squirt (BISQ)模型.数值计算结果表明,入射波的方位角、各向异性渗透率以及泥质含量等对含流体复杂孔隙介质中波频散和衰减的影响具有显著的方位各向异性特征,在低频范围内（地震波勘探频率）黏弹性力学机制对波传播能量的衰减起主导作用.     

Glacial change in the vicinity of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest), central high Himalayas since 1976

Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that (1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km2 (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2) from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km2 and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km2; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study period are the key factors driving retreat.     

基于ENVI ZOOM面向对象的高海拔灌丛植被提取——以定日县为例

利用ASTER数据,基于The Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI)ZOOM 软件平台,采用面向对象的多尺度影像分割技术与规则创建相结合方法,提取了珠峰保护区核心区的灌丛植被类型.在对影像进行去阴影处理和各种辅助信息融合的基础上,使用Feature Extraction模块对影像进行分割,基于分割对象的高程、NDVI、纹理和光谱信息创建了适合研究区的灌丛提取规则.研究表明:该分类方法不仅能够克服传统基于像元分类方法中的"椒盐效应"问题,而且能够综合利用辅助信息(DEM、NDVI等)和地物本身的信息(光谱特征、纹理特征等),有效提高解译精度.以已有数据对分类结果进行了检验,分类精度达84 7%,分类结果较理想.     

向家坝水电站地下厂房围岩稳定的黏弹塑性有限元分析

考虑流变作用,建立三维有限元模型进行数值计算,以洞室变形和点抗滑安全系数为指标,针对向家坝水电站地下厂房围岩的特殊性进行稳定性研究,结果表明,随着围压的增高,流变速率逐渐减小,初始应变逐渐减小;软弱夹层处流变速率较其他岩体减小缓慢,且开挖后流变达到稳态状态时软弱夹层最终流变位移较大;黏弹塑性下围岩位移分布及变化规律与弹塑性一致,但黏弹塑性下计算位移明显要比弹塑性大;流变效应对岩体变形和稳定性,以及对支护结构有重要影响;黏弹塑性情况下,洞室围岩特征点抗滑安全系数比弹塑性条件下小,软弱夹层出露处和拱顶点抗滑安全系数较低,点抗滑安全系数分析还表明,软弱夹层对其稳定性影响明显,验证了位移分析结果。