云南富乐铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量(稀散)元素组成及成因信息:LA-ICPMS研究

川滇黔铅锌矿集区是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,区内铅锌矿床是否属于MVT型矿床长期存在争议。该区铅锌矿床以富集Ge等稀散元素为特征,闪锌矿是其主要载体矿物,但稀散元素在黄铁矿中是否富集、赋存状态及微量元素组成特征等研究基本属于空白。本文通过LA-ICPMS研究富乐黄铁矿中微量元素(尤其是稀散元素)的富集特征,发现黄铁矿中也相对富集Ge。本研究样品选自富乐矿床的富乐和富盛两个矿段,包括1350、1410和1536三个中段(由深到浅),LAICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿以富集Cu、As、Co、Ni为特征,局部富集Pb(Sb)和Zn(以方铅矿和闪锌矿显微包裹体形式赋存于黄铁矿中),该类黄铁矿富集的稀散元素主要为Se、Ge及少量Tl、Te,而Cd和In以类质同象形式赋存于含Zn的显微包裹体(闪锌矿)中,类质同象是其余稀散元素主要赋存形式,且黄铁矿中Ge与Cu存在较好相关关系,可能存在Cu~(2+)+Ge~(2+)?2Fe~(2+)耦合置换方式。此外,黄铁矿中稀散元素的富集与成矿元素(特别是Cu)的富集密切相关,随着成矿作用的进行,从矿体深部到浅部,成矿温度逐渐降低,Se/Te比值逐渐升高,且稀散元素与成矿元素呈逐渐增加趋势。研究表明,该矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值基本都小于1. 00,暗示其属于沉积改造型黄铁矿,在Co-Ni和稀散元素Se-Tl含量投影图上,富乐矿床黄铁矿的投影点与MVT型矿床投影区基本一致,而明显有别于SEDEX、VMS和矽卡岩型矿床中黄铁矿的投影区,结合富乐矿床类似于MVT型的地质特征,我们认为富乐矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。     

基于能量原理的露天矿边坡开挖稳定性突变研究

基于边坡系统能量的原理,借助FLAC3D有限差分法内嵌FISH语言进行了三维露天矿边坡模型在开挖过程中能量计算的二次开发。将能量与突变理论相结合,以边坡系统的总耗散能作为状态变量,构建了边坡系统的能量耗散突变判别准则。以大孤山露天矿西北帮边坡为例,通过能量耗散突变分析、塑性区演化分析、安全系数变化分析及关键点位移分析可知,以上分析得到的边坡稳定性演化规律具有一致性,验证了提出的突变判别准则的适用性,研究结果表明：能量突变特征值 是露天矿边坡在第ki步开挖后发生失稳的充要力学条件;当进行至第6～8步开挖时,边坡局部岩体系统发生了失稳,且第7、8、9三个台阶受开挖扰动的影响较为严重,与现场的实际开挖情况相符,为预防露天矿边坡在开挖扰动过程中的局部围岩系统失稳提供了一定的理论支持。     

信息化与城市空间发展趋势

人类进入21世纪，全球经济一体化的新形势下，工业化、城市化推动信息产业的快速发展，并对城市发展产生重大影响。文章着重探讨了：①信息化背景下计算机、网络及新技术对城市空间发展的潜在作用及其对城市空间发展的影响。②城市经济出现的新特征。③城市网络的发展，促进了城市的现代化。     

长江上源布曲盆地晚更新世湖相沉积的发现及其古植被与古气候

在青海省西南部青藏公路东南侧的通天河支流——布曲北岸 (33°4 4′4 5 .2″N,92°11′2 8.1″E) ,发现一条拔河 0～ 18m的湖相沉积剖面。湖相沉积物的 U系测年结果为 88.9～ 5 6 .2 ka,确定其沉积时代为晚更新世早中期。结合孢粉分析结果 ,本文探讨了青海省西部地区通天河及布曲流域晚更新世早中期的古植被与古气候。初步研究表明 ,在该剖面的下部和上部沉积期间 ,当地生长松、桦、冷杉等乔木和蒿等草本植物 ,气候比较温暖湿润。剖面中部沉积期间 ,蒿、藜、禾本科和麻黄等草原植被明显增多 ,气候凉爽干燥。剖面沉积期间气候曾经历过温暖湿润和凉爽干燥的波动。植被与气候的变化具有从末次间冰期晚期经末次冰期早冰段到末次冰期间冰段中期的特征     

北京百花山若干冰缘现象的商榷

百花山是北京西山的第3高峰,海拔2046m。1991年10月12日,我们登上了山顶。事实证明,第四纪时期这里不存在任何冰川作用,但冰缘现象还能见到若干。     

四川渡口地区晚第四纪沉积物的孢粉分析及其地质意义

作者在四川渡口地区选择了桐子林、金江火车站、盐边新村三个露头剖面,做了系统的孢粉取样及分析。本文就分析结果,讨论了本区第四纪地层的划分、对比及古环境等方面问题。     

Ordovician limestone karst development law in Feicheng coal field

Being the basement of coal measure strata in North China coal mine, the Ordovician karst aquifer is the baleful source of water for exploiting the Carboniferous coal bed. The coal mines that the exploitation transfers into the deep stratum will be threatened by deep high or super-high pressure confined water from Ordovician. Mastering the vertical development law is one of the basal and prerequisite works for emancipating deep coal resources and ensuring safety for exploiting the deep coal bed. Based on the statistics of exploratory boring data, a slide test and an X-ray diffraction experiment, the results of Ordovician vertical development were obtained. The results are as follows: limestone karsts 0–30 m below the top are undeveloped; those 30–50 m away from the top are the most developed, and those over 50 m are also undeveloped similar to the first ones. The property of the aquifer of the Ordovician limestone karsts from the working face floor (numbered as 101002) in the Caozhuang coal mine is explored using a 3D high-density electrical technique for the well and drill hole data. This confirms the vertical development law and provides evidence for floor prevention and control of water disasters.     

Effect of temperature on the standard metabolic rates of juvenile and adult Exopalaemon carinicauda

Ridgetail white prawn(E xopalaemon carinicauda) are of significant economic importance in China where they are widely cultured. However,there is little information on the basic biology of this species. We evaluated the effect of temperature(16,19,22,25,28,31,and 34°C) on the standard metabolic rates(SMRs) of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda in the laboratory under static conditions. The oxygen consumption rate(OCR),ammonia-Nexcretion rate(AER),and atomic ratio of oxygen consumed to nitrogen consumed(O:N ratio) of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda were significantly influenced by temperature( P 0.05). Both the OCR and AER of juveniles increased significantly with increasing temperature from 16 to 34°C,but the maximum OCR for adults was at 31°C. Juvenile shrimp exhibited a higher OCR than the adults from 19 to 34°C. There was no significant difference between the AERs of the two life-stages from 16 to 31°C( P 0.05). The O:N ratio in juveniles was significantly higher than that in the adults over the entire temperature range(P 0.05). The temperature coefficient(Q 10) of OCR and AER ranged from 5.03 to 0.86 and 6.30 to 0.85 for the adults,respectively,and from 6.09–1.03 and 3.66–1.80 for the juveniles,respectively. The optimal temperature range for growth of the juvenile and adult shrimp was from 28 to 31°C,based on Q 10 and SMR values. Results from the present study may be used to guide pond culture production of E. carinicauda.     

LASG Global AGCM with a Two-moment Cloud Microphysics Scheme:Energy Balance and Cloud Radiative Forcing Characteristics

Cloud dominates influence factors of atmospheric radiation, while aerosol–cloud interactions are of vital importance in its spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a two-moment(mass and number) cloud microphysics scheme, which significantly improved the treatment of the coupled processes of aerosols and clouds, was incorporated into version 1.1 of the IAP/LASG global Finite-volume Atmospheric Model(FAMIL1.1). For illustrative purposes, the characteristics of the energy balance and cloud radiative forcing(CRF) in an AMIP-type simulation with prescribed aerosols were compared with those in observational/reanalysis data. Even within the constraints of the prescribed aerosol mass, the model simulated global mean energy balance at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) and at the Earth's surface, as well as their seasonal variation, are in good agreement with the observational data. The maximum deviation terms lie in the surface downwelling longwave radiation and surface latent heat flux, which are 3.5 W m-2(1%) and 3 W m-2(3.5%), individually. The spatial correlations of the annual TOA net radiation flux and the net CRF between simulation and observation were around 0.97 and 0.90, respectively. A major weakness is that FAMIL1.1 predicts more liquid water content and less ice water content over most oceans. Detailed comparisons are presented for a number of regions, with a focus on the Asian monsoon region(AMR). The results indicate that FAMIL1.1 well reproduces the summer–winter contrast for both the geographical distribution of the longwave CRF and shortwave CRF over the AMR. Finally, the model bias and possible solutions, as well as further works to develop FAMIL1.1 are discussed.