Impact of rangeland enclosure and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected rangelands in Chakwal region,Pakistan

Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants.The present study was conducted in Chakwal,an important tract of ...     

Cultural characteristics of chromium resistant unicellular cyanobacteria isolated from local environment in Pakistan

Many unicellular cyanobacteria were isolated from different places： fields, ponds, polluted water, and soils from Muredkey and Kasur tannery areas, near Lahore, Pakistan. Different media like BG 11 medium, Bold Basal medium, Chu＇s # 10 medium and Gotham＇s medium, in standard forms and with slight variations of ingredients, and different pH, temperature and light regimes were checked for the optimum growth of the isolates. The isolation pro- cedure was repeated with different concentrations of chromium to select the resistant strains. These selected strains grew on chromium of the range 100-200 μg/ml in BG 11 medium. Cyanobacteria were maintained in solid and liquid media with/without shaking. Cyanobacterial strains were collected from natural habitats that were accompanied by a diversified group of organisms including bacteria, protozoan, and rotifers etc. In order to eliminate these agents termed as contaminants, we used several methods including phenol treatment, use of antibiotic and careful manual picking of unicellular cyanobacteria. Resistance of these strains against different heavy metals （ZnSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, COCl2, Pb（NO3）3, CuSO4, HgCl2, AgNO3 and CdCl2） and antibiotics （erythromycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, neomycin） was evaluated. Optimum temperature was 30℃ with variable pH for the reduction of Cr^6＋ in to Cr^3＋ in majority of strains.     

The motion of artificial satellites in the set of Eulerian redundant parameters

In this paper, the connections between orbit dynamics and rigid body dynamics are established throughout the Eulerian redundant parameters, the perturbation equations for any conic motion of artificial satellites are derived in terms of these parameters. A general recursive and stable computational algorithm is also established for the initial-value problem of the Eulerian parameters for satellites prediction in the Earth's gravitational field with axial symmetry. Applications of the algorithm are considered for the two cases of short and long term predictions. For the short-term prediction, we consider the problem of the final state prediction of some typical ballistic missiles in the geopotential model with zonal harmonic terms up to J ₃₆, while for the long-term prediction, we consider the perturbed J ₂ motion of Explorer 28 over 100 revolutions.     

A geochemical survey of thermal springs in western part ofRepublic of Yemen and their geothermometric characteristics

The high-mineral contents of some thermal waters are believed to have medicinal properties. Numerous spas and bathhouses might be built at these hot springs to take advantage of theses supposed healing properties such as skin diseases, rheumatism and so on. This paper is to find thermal reservoir and to classify the kinds of water. The majority of thermal springs are found discharging from igneous centers of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic fields of the western Yemen (research area). Structurally these volcanisms are connected to N-NW faults that are parallel to the main Red Sea trend. Temperature and pH values of the thermal spring range 37℃-96℃, and 6.3-8.7 respectively. The Yemen/thermal waters indicate high variability in composition since they are ofNa (K) -CI, Na=HCO3 and Ca (Mg) =SO4 types, whereas the surficial waters have the typical worldwide Ca (Mg) -HCO3 composition. Different liquid phase geothermometers,such as SiO2, K^2/Mg and Na/K. Estimated reservoir temperatures ranging 70℃-140℃ perform equilibrium temperature evaluation of the thermal reservoirs.     

Evaluation of the Flow Measurement Performance of Compound Sharp-Crested Over-Fall Weirs and Optimized Discharge Measurement in Data Scarce Areas

Water Resources - The hydraulic relationships of flow through the weir of different common shapes were investigated in this study. The hydraulic performances of weirs were carried out...     

Extraction and analysis of geological lineaments by combining ASTER-GDEM and Landsat 8 image data in the central high atlas of Morocco

Natural Hazards - The present work focuses on using remote sensing techniques and geographical information system (GIS) to automatically extract lineaments in the southeast of Morocco, which is one...     

Specific Relationship between the Surface Air Temperature and the Area of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya,Antarctica

Antarctic polynyas play an important role in regional atmosphere?ice?ocean interactions and are considered to help generate the global deep ocean conveyer belt.Polynyas therefore have a potential impact on the Earth’s climate in terms of the production of sea ice and high-salinity shelf water.In this study,we investigated the relationship between the area of the Terra Nova Bay polynya and the air temperature as well as the eastward and northward wind based on the ERA5 and ERAInterim reanalysis datasets and observations from automatic weather stations during the polar night.We examined the correlation between each factor and the polynya area under different temperature conditions.Previous studies have focused more on the effect of winds on the polynya,but the relationship between air temperature and the polynya area has not been fully investigated.Our study shows,eliminating the influence of winds,lower air temperature has a stronger positive correlation with the polynya area.The results show that the relationship between the polynya area and air temperature is more likely to be interactively influenced.As temperature drops,the relationship of the polynya area with air temperature becomes closer with increasing correlation coefficients.In the low temperature conditions,the correlation coefficients of the polynya area with air temperature are above 0.5,larger than that with the wind speed.     

New holographic dark energy in modified f(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity

In this paper, we study the new holographic dark energy model in the framework of modified f(R) Horava-Lifshitz Gravity. We apply correspondence scheme to construct model the in underlying scenario using power-law form of scale factor. To explore accelerated expansion of the universe, some well-known cosmological parameters (equation of state parameter and squared speed of sound) and cosmological planes (ω _Λ – \(\omega'_{\varLambda}\) and statefinder) are discussed for reconstructed model. It is interesting to conclude that these parameters represent phantom behavior of the universe with stable configuration. also, the cosmological planes show compatible results with recent observations for accelerated expansion of the universe.     

Parameters affect foaming and foam stability during foam drilling

The authors presented indoor practice experiments of parameters affect on foaming and foam stability. Experiments were carried out and special equipments were used to determine foaming and foam stability; tests were tabulated and charted. The effects of chemical and physical parameters on foaming and foam stability have been conducted.