暴雨和中尺度气象学问题

对近年来暴雨和中尺度气象学的进展进行了综合评述,这包括(1)暴雨发生的条件;(2)强风暴和中尺度对流系统概念模式;(3)中尺度系统的数值模拟;(4)中尺度动力学问题;(5)暴雨预报等。对于暴雨和中尺度气象学将来研究的问题也作了讨论。     

Evidence of two-stage magnetic reconnection in the 2005 January 15 X2.6 flare

We analyze in detail the X2.6 flare that occurred on 2005 January 15 in the NOAA AR 10720 using multiwavelength observations. There are several interesting properties of the flare that reveal possible two-stage magnetic reconnection similar to that in the physical picture of tether-cutting, where the magnetic fields of two separate loop systems reconnect at the flare core region, and subsequently a large flux rope forms, erupts, and breaks open the overlying arcade fields. The observed manifestations include: (1) remote Hα brightenings appear minutes before the main phase of the flare; (2) separation of the flare ribbons has a slow and a fast phase, and the flare hard X-ray emission appears in the later fast phase; (3) rapid transverse field enhancement near the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) is found to be associated with the flare. We conclude that the flare occurrence fits the tether-cutting reconnection picture in a special way, in which there are three flare ribbons outlining the sigmoid configuration. We also discuss this event in the context of what was predicted by Hudson et al. (2008), where the Lorentz force near the flaring PIL drops after the flare and consequently the magnetic field lines there turn to be more horizontal as we observed.     

1974年10月11日白光耀斑的光谱分析

１９７４年１０月１１日耀斑的光谱分析表明，连续发射和微波爆发几乎同时达到极大。在连续辐射极大时刻出现了高项巴耳末发射线和微弱的巴耳末跳跃，所有这些说明这个耀斑是Ｉ型白光耀斑。我们发现，在这个耀斑连续发射的极大时刻，ＣａＩＩＫ线的Ｋ１处强度大大增强，约达到连续辐射强度的一半，对应的辐射温度达到５７１６Ｋ。这个反常增强的持续时间小于４分钟。现有的半经验模型似不能给出这样的结果。色球压缩区也不能给出解释     

第27次南极科考度夏期间长城站地震观测

在第27次中国南极科学考察度夏期间,针对长城站原地震台受干扰源（如发电栋、冷库）的影响,对台站进行了重新选址工作,并完成了新台站的基建工程（摆坑、电缆布设等）,架设了一套宽频带地震仪。对新台站记录的数据进行分析表明新台站运行稳定,背景噪音小,记录的地震事件信噪比高,这为下一步开展相关地震学方面的研究将提供高质量的数据。尽管本次科考地震观测时间短,但是新台站不仅观测到了远震记录,而且观测到了长城站附近地区的近震和疑似冰震的记录。单台定位结果显示4次近震分布基本与南设得兰群岛走向平行,且震源深度由东北向西南逐渐变深。     

Experimental Study on Rectangular Floating Breakwaters

This paper proposes ten types of improved floating breakwaters for experiment with regular waves, based on the experience in the development and manufacture of existing floating breakwaters both at home and abroad, and on the results of experimental studies on the hydraulic characteristics of several types of floating breakwaters. The wave heights before and behind the breakwaters are measured, the movements of floating breakwaters are observed and the chain forces of the floating breakwaters are measured. The paper studies and compares the hydraulic characteristics of the improved rectangular floating breakwaters of which the internal and external structures and their installation methods are changed. Finally the optimal type of structure is selected through experiments.     

Optimization of ammonia removal by ion-exchange resin using response surface methodology

The ability of ion-exchange resin for ammonia removal from aqueous solution was studied. The results showed that Amberlite ion-exchange resin was effective in removing ammonia from aqueous solution. Factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate and optimize the effects of pH, resin dose, contact time, temperature and initial ammonia concentration. Low pH condition was preferred with the optimum pH found to be 6. High resin dose generated high removal rate and low exchange capacity. Results of factorial design and response surface methodology showed that temperature was not a significant parameter. The model prediction was in good agreement with observed data (R ² = 0.957). The optimum Q _e was 28.78 mg/g achieved at pH = 6 and initial TAN concentration of 3000 mg/L. The kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R ² = 0.999). Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with Langmuir model providing a slightly better predication (R ² = 0.996). The resin was completely regenerated by 2 N H₂SO₄.     

龙门山南段青衣江阶地沉积物的化学风化特征及其意义

本文通过对龙门山南段青衣江阶地的研究, 尝试以常量元素所体现的风化特征, 来解决阶地对比的问题, 并取得了一定的进展。通过主量元素的分析, 发现CIA指标、 A-CN-K三角模型等, 在区分不同年龄的阶地有很好的效果, 而且沉积物砾石之间的基质颜色也一定程度地反映了新老关系。结合流域内更古老洪积扇的研究, 发现河流阶地在距今200ka内化学风化速度较稳定, 但更老的地貌面风化呈现非线性。另外, 在本文研究的600ka时间尺度内, 阶地风化速度与全球气候变化相关, 体现为冰期风化速度慢, 间冰期风化速度快, 并具一定的滞后效应。     

龙凤山大气近地层O3浓度变化及与其它因素的关系

研究首次在龙凤山区域大气本底站测得的地面Ｏ３浓度及其变化的资料表明,中国东北农村地面大气Ｏ３浓度总体水平不很高,但在少数特殊的天气条件下,时均浓度可超过国家二级标准。Ｏ３浓度存在明显的季节和日变化,其月平均浓度１９９５年１月最低（２７．５ｐｐｂ）,１９９４年１１月最高（４３．２ｐｐｂ）。Ｏ３日变化幅度夏季的晴天最大（２８ｐｐｂ）,冬季的阴天最小（８ｐｐｂ）。气象要素（尤其是风速、气温和相对湿度等）和ＮＯｘ与地面Ｏ３浓度有较密切的关系。用多变量分析法探讨了地面Ｏ３各指标随气象因子和ＮＯｘ共同变化的规律,并拟合了寒冷和温暖期里与地面Ｏ３日最高浓度、日最低浓度及日变化幅度有关的方程。     

皱纹盘鲍对河流弧菌-Ⅱ苗免疫的研究

于１９９３－１９９５年，用免疫法防治皱纹盘鲍脓疱病，河流弧菌－ＩＩ分离自大连水产养殖公司，太平洋海珍品养殖公司的患脓疱病的皱纹盘鲍；健康皱纹盘鲍，由大连水产养殖公司石庙苗种厂提供，鲍血淋巴细胞的体外培养吞噬实验，取健康皱纹盘鲍的血淋巴与肝素和菌液铵一定比例混合后，置湿盒内３７℃培养３０ｍｉｎ，取一滴涂片，吕氏液染色后观察，用该病原菌制做菌苗，大量扩增病原菌，用０．１％－１．０％的甲醛洗下菌苔，处理     

Modal aspects of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode as identified from the results of a GCM run

In order to study the physical nature of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) or the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM), the linear stochastic model, constructed empirically from the output of a GCM run, is used to investigate the modal aspects of this climate variability mode. Theoretical analysis on the dominant modal response to the stochastic forcing is performed in terms of the maximum variance contribution. As the modal aspect of AO/NAM, two dominant normal modes are found to resemble the spatial structure of the AO/NAM represented by the leading EOF. These stochastically forced normal modes are regarded to be physical modes and thus can explain many fundamental features of the AO/NAM such as the barotropic annular dipole, tropospher–stratosphere coupling, and its dominance over the wintertime Northern Hemisphere. It then follows that the origin or physical nature of the AO/NAM can be attributed to the behaviors of the dominant annular normal modes. A key distinction of this study from previous eddy driving theories is that, to drive the variability, eddy forcing needs not to have a spatial structure completely coinciding with the pattern of the NAM, since the latter is mainly decided by the linear normal modes.