Soil respiration in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

With the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique, from January 2003 to January 2004 soil respiration was investigated in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. In this study three treatments were applied, each with three replicates: A (bare soil), B (soil+litter), and C (soil+litter+seedling). The results showed that soil respiration varied seasonally, low from December 2003 to February 2004, and high from June to July 2004. The annual average values of CO2 efflux from soil respiration differed among the treatments at 1% level, with the rank of C (14642 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞B (12807 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞A (9532 mgCO2· m-2. h-1). Diurnal variation in soil respiration was not apparent due to little diurnal temperate change in Xishuangbanna. There was a parabola relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture at 1% level. Soil respiration rates were higher when soil moisture ranged from 35% to 45%. There was an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (at a depth of 5cm in mineral soil) at 1% level. The calculated Q1o values in this study,ranging from 2.03 to 2.36, were very near to those of tropical soil reported. The CO2 efflux in 2003was 5.34 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil plus litter plus seedling, of them 3.48 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil (accounting for 62.5%), 1.19 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from litter (22.3%) and 0.67 kgCO2·m-2. a-1 from seedling (12.5%).     

Structure and evolution of Middle Permian palaeoseamounts in Bayan Har and its adjacent area

Science China Earth Sciences - Middle Permian palaeo-seamounts in the area of Bayan Har are generally composed of volcanic basement and carbonate cap. Basaltic lava, volcanic breecia and polymictic...     

超低频电磁声源非线性动力学建模与分析

电磁声源输出力大、体积小、易于实现超低频输出,在无人反水雷作战中具有显著优势。其动力学行为受到机械回复力和电磁力的耦合作用影响,当施加电流超过坍塌电流,电磁力将超过机械回复力, 就会发生吸和,造成声源的损坏。为准确描述电磁声源非线性动力学特性,预先评估坍塌电流,建立考虑动态漏磁系数的声源非线性动力学模型。通过三维有限元仿真计算动铁芯运动到不同位置处气隙的漏磁系数, 拟合得到动态漏磁系数。根据等效磁路法建立声源的改进电磁力模型,进而建立电磁声源非线性动力学模型。 通过 Runge-Kutta 算法计算得到阶跃激励下声源振动的位移和速度,绘制相平面图。研究稳定与失稳 2 种情况下的相轨迹的动态变化规律,为电磁声源的设计和控制提供理论支撑。     

太湖表层沉积物多环芳烃的空间分布、来源及其风险

随着太湖流域社会与经济的发展,多环芳烃(PAHs)在各种环境介质中逐渐累积,污染日益严重,可能对太湖生态环境及周边人体健康构成威胁。为探究太湖沉积物PAHs的来源及生态风险,于2021年12月在太湖采集30个表层沉积物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测样品中16种PAHs含量;利用受体模型和苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量法进行来源解析及生态风险评估,并将各来源贡献与毒性当量浓度相结合,量化源风险。结果表明,太湖表层沉积物中16种PAHs总含量介于124~592 ng/g之间,平均值为294 ng/g,中值为279 ng/g;高环多环芳烃(HMW PAHs)为主要组分,占∑PAHs的67%。高含量区域位于竺山湾、梅梁湾、贡湖湾和西太湖,与国内外其他湖泊沉积物相比,太湖沉积物PAHs含量处于较低水平。源解析的结果表明,太湖表层沉积物中PAHs交通排放源贡献率为29.1%、煤炭燃烧源贡献率为26.7%、生物质燃烧源贡献率为28.7%、石油源贡献率为15.6%。生态风险评价结果表明,交通排放源、生物质燃烧源、煤炭燃烧源和石油源的BaP毒性当量含量(TEQ_BaP)均值分别为19.34、17.81、16.33和9.1 ng/g,均小于70 ng/g,几乎处于无风险水平。西太湖、贡湖湾和梅梁湾的部分区域ΣTEQ_BaP大于70 ng/g属于潜在风险区,具有一定潜在毒性。在后续的污染治理中应重点关注太湖西北部地区污染物的排放。本研究可为沉积物中PAHs污染的研究提供数据支撑,为地方政府精准、高效地管控PAHs污染提供理论依据。     

葛洲坝至胭脂坝长江干流段江豚活动规律

长江江豚是我国一级保护野生动物,也是长江生态系统的指示性物种,其种群数量恢复情况及活动规律一直备受关注。本文选择长江宜昌段江豚活动频繁的葛洲坝下游至胭脂坝江段为研究区域,于2021年6月-2022年5月采用定点目测、水上流动监测与无人机监测相结合的方法分区监测长江江豚的游泳行为,分析长江江豚的活动规律,构建了长江江豚出水头次的零膨胀泊松回归模型,识别影响长江江豚出水头次的关键因素,建立长江江豚出水头次与各因素间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)葛洲坝至胭脂坝长江干流段监测到最大江豚出水头次为19头次,长江江豚集群规模以2~3头最为常见,占比达58.1%;长江江豚主要表现出4种行为特征,各行为占比从大到小依次为:玩耍＞休息＞摄食＞抚幼。(2)长江江豚在葛洲坝下游近坝区(A区,葛洲坝至至喜长江大桥)出水头次最多,且在秋冬季节累计出水头次多于春夏季节,冬季累计出水头次最高,达252头次。(3)长江江豚出水头次与电站下泄流量呈显著负相关;浊度增大,长江江豚出水的概率减小。本文研究结果对长江江豚生态保护策略及长江十年禁渔效果评估具有重要参考价值。     

早期太阳星云演化历史的指示剂——不同类型陨石母体的吸积和形成过程

不同类型球粒陨石母体的形成过程,可作为早期太阳星云化学演化的指示剂,它们包含原始球粒陨石中残存的前太阳颗粒,可提供太阳系外恒星演化的信息;原始球粒陨矿物-岩石学特征,可揭示早期太阳星云的凝聚和吸积作用过程;原始球粒陨石主要组分的氧同位素组成,可为了解形成不同类型球粒陨石的初始物质和形成环境提供重要的依据;原始球粒陨石中富钙-铝包体和球粒的形成年龄,可作为早期太阳星云演化的时标;原始球粒陨石的氧化-还原作用特征,可推断不同类型球粒陨石母体在太阳星云内距日心距离等,并进一步探讨早期太阳星云的化学演化。     

影响南极海洋石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49生长和降解率的环境因素研究

以柴油为唯一碳源和能源,从南极海水海冰微生物资源库中筛选到一株石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49,并对影响其生长和降解率的环境因素(pH、温度、盐度、营养盐和表面活性剂)进行了初步研究。结果表明:希瓦氏菌NJ49可作为低温海域石油烃污染生物修复的菌源,其生长和降解的最适条件为:初始pH7.5,温度15℃,盐度6%,摇瓶装量80ml,最佳氮源硝酸铵,最佳磷源为磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾的混合物,添加表面活性剂可促进希瓦氏菌NJ49的生长和生物降解率。     

NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程

介绍了NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程方法和具体实现，解决了在科研绘图工作中遇到的一些实际问题，对在Windows下编程的静态链接和动态链接进行了分析和研究，为Fortran编程员提供了在Windows下编程的基础。     

Changes of precipitation extremes over South Korea projected by the 5 RCMs under RCP scenarios

The change of extreme precipitation is assessed with the HadGEM2-AO - 5 Regional Climate Models (RCMs) chain, which is a national downscaling project undertaken cooperatively by several South Korean institutes aimed at producing regional climate change projection with fine resolution (12.5 km) around the Korean Peninsula. The downscaling domain, resolution and lateral boundary conditions are held the same among the 5 RCMs to minimize the uncertainties from model configuration. Climatological changes reveal a statistically significant increase in the mid-21st century (2046- 2070; Fut1) and the late-21st century (2076-2100; Fut2) precipitation properties related to extreme precipitation, such as precipitation intensity and average of upper 5 percentile daily precipitation, with respect to the reference period (1981-2005). Changes depending on the intensity categories also present a clear trend of decreasing light rain and increasing heavy rain. In accordance with these results, the change of 1-in-50 year maximum precipitation intensity over South Korea is estimated by the GEV method. The result suggests that the 50-year return value (RV50) will change from -32.69% to 72.7% and from -31.6% to 96.32% in Fut1 and from -31.97% to 86.25% and from -19.45% to 134.88% in Fut2 under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, at the 90% confidence level. This study suggests that multi-RCMs can be used to reduce uncertainties and assess the future change of extreme precipitation more reliably. Moreover, future projection of the regional climate change contains uncertainties evoked from not only driving GCM but also RCM. Therefore, multi-GCM and multi-RCM studies are expected to provide more robust projection.