韧带样纤维瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨韧带样纤维瘤(DF)的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的16例DF患者的临床及影像学资料,16例中7例行CT平扫与增强,7例行MRI平扫与增强,2例同时行CT、MRI检查。结果:16例DF均为单发,包括腹外型7例,腹壁型5例,腹内型4例。边界不清14例,边界清晰2例。呈浸润性生长13例,膨胀性生长3例。病灶与肌肉长轴平行9例。CT表现:9例平扫呈稍低密度,未见出血、坏死及钙化,增强扫描飘带样强化7例,6例延迟扫描均呈渐进性持续强化。MRI表现9例均见T2WI抑脂条带状低信号,未见出血、坏死,增强扫描均呈明显不均匀强化、延迟呈渐进性持续强化。"蟹足样"浸润周围组织5例;"筋膜尾征"4例。结论:DF的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征,综合分析这些特点对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。CT和MRI可清晰评估DF边缘和范围,有助于术前制定手术计划。     

滇西六合正长斑岩和花岗岩包体中锆石U-Pb年代和微量元素地球化学研究

六合正长斑岩是滇西新生代富碱斑岩的典型代表,以发育各类深浅不一的岩石包体而闻名,其中包括了同期的花岗岩包体;主岩和包体所蕴含的深部地质过程对于富碱岩浆的形成和演化具有重要约束作用。本文以六合正长斑岩和其中花岗岩包体的锆石微量元素地球化学为研究重点,结合主岩主量元素、锆石U-Pb年龄、Ti温度、锆石氧逸度的对比研究,分析和探讨富碱岩浆的形成和演化过程。研究表明:锆石U-Pb年龄所限定的六合富碱岩浆活动时限为(37.89±0.96)~(35.87±0.58) Ma;而花岗岩包体代表的同期富硅酸性岩浆活动时限为(38.21±0.44)~(36.21±0.36) Ma;两者几乎同步活动。锆石微量元素成因判别图显示主岩锆石主要位于钾镁煌斑岩范围,暗示富碱岩浆源区具地幔属性;花岗岩包体锆石大多位于花岗岩范围,两者在花岗岩范围有部分重叠,证实了主岩锆石和花岗岩包体锆石结晶时存在共同的生长环境。Ce^(Ⅳ)/Ce^(Ⅲ)比值估算和Ti温度计算显示,在36.42~36.41 Ma范围内富碱岩浆氧逸度和锆石结晶温度发生突变,指示在该时限内富碱岩浆及所裹挟的花岗质岩浆发生了混合作用;氧逸度的振荡降低反映了后期幔源岩浆的补充。综合研究认为,六合地区来自富集地幔的喜山期富碱岩浆底侵熔化上覆深部地壳长英质岩石形成花岗质岩浆,随即以富碱岩浆为主与少量花岗质岩浆不均一混合并同步结晶成岩形成含有花岗岩包体的正长斑岩。     

Pyrite trace element geochemistry of mafic granulite xenoliths from Xikeer: implications for the source of Cu in the sediment-hosted mineralization in the northwestern Tarim Basin (Northwest China)

The Xikeer mafic granulite xenoliths are hosted by a Cenozoic basanite sill (∼20 Ma) in the northwest Tarim Basin, northwest China. Sulfides, identified in these xenoliths consist mainly of pyrite. Two groups of pyrite (types A and B) can be distinguished based on petrography and trace element geochemistry, as determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS analysis. Type A pyrite is subhedral and in general has lower trace element abundance than type B pyrite. Type B pyrite is fractured with ragged anhedral morphology and has extremely high Cu, Tl, Ni, and Co abundance. The low Co and Ni contents combined with a positive correlation between Cu, Cr, and Pb all indicate that the type A pyrite may have formed from a high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, the Cu-, Tl-, Ni-, and Co-rich type B pyrite was probably formed in a relatively low-temperature basinal environment. The Cu mineralization at Xikeer can be explained when Cu, Tl, Ni, and Co were leached from the intruded basanites and subsequently enriched in circulating basin brines. Such enrichment of Cu in basin brines could provide an important Cu source for the Cu mineralization in the Xikeer district and other Cenozoic sub-basins in the Tarim Basin.     

不同感兴趣区选择方法在上皮性卵巢癌动态增强MRI参数中一致性的比较

目的：探讨不同感兴趣区在上皮性卵巢癌动态增强磁共振（DCE-MRI）各半定量参数值中一致性的比较。方法：回顾性分析60例病理证实为上皮性卵巢癌患者治疗前常规MRI和DCE-MRI图像,通过后处理软件测量DCE-MRI半定量参数值,包括达峰时间（TTP）、最大浓度（MAX）、对比浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）和最大线性斜率（MS）。两名医师分别在半定量参数AUC伪彩图上采用不规则形、圆形及矩形法勾画ROI,其中测量者1间隔1月后重复测量。采用单因素方差分析（One-Way ANOVA）比较不同ROI勾画方法所得DCE-MR半定量值间的差异,组间及组内一致性采用相关系数（ICC）,变异系数（CV）和Bland-Altman散点图评价。结果：三组不同ROI所测各半定量参数值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。采用不规则形ROI所测量的各参数可重复性好,组内和组间ICC分别为（0.975～0.985）,（0.961～0.984）;CV分别为（2.73～4.21）,（3.48～4.86）。Bland-Altman散点图显示,不规则形法所得测量值一致性高于圆形/矩形法。结论：上皮性卵巢癌采用不同ROI对各半定量参数无显著影响,且均显示较高的一致性。     

粤港澳大湾区某地天然放射性环境调查与评价

天然放射性辐射是衡量优质人居环境的一项重要指标,在城市建设中开展放射性环境调查必不可少.2020年5月-10月,以(250～500)m×(50～100)m的网度布设测量点,在粤港澳大湾区某地开展1:25000环境地表γ辐射剂量率测量.结果表明,区内整体辐射环境未发生明显变化,且处于正常水平.区内环境地表γ辐射水平可分为城镇人口密集区、基岩出露区和原野区3类,其中人口密集区的环境地表γ辐射水平略高于天然本底值2.48％～13.73％;基岩出露区环境地表γ辐射水平普遍高于天然本底值3.92％～65.29％;原野区环境地表γ辐射水平普遍低于天然本底值17.65％～40.20％,共发现10处异常高数值区(点),均与区内裸露的花岗岩及断裂构造带密切相关.居民所受环境地表γ辐射所致公众人均年有效剂量平均值为0.693 mSv·a-1,与全国辐射环境质量水平相当.圈定异常区4处,区内常驻人员需做好防护措施,或减少停留时间.     

Multimass schemes for collisionless N-body simulations

We present a general scheme for constructing Monte Carlo realizations of equilibrium, collisionless galaxy models with known distribution function (DF) f ₀. Our method uses importance sampling to find the sampling DF f _s that minimizes the mean-square formal errors in a given set of projections of the DF f ₀. The result is a multimass N -body realization of the galaxy model in which 'interesting' regions of phase space are densely populated by lots of low-mass particles, increasing the effective N there, and less interesting regions by fewer, higher mass particles.
As a simple application, we consider the case of minimizing the shot noise in estimates of the acceleration field for an N -body model of a spherical Hernquist model. Models constructed using our scheme easily yield a factor of ∼100 reduction in the variance at the central acceleration field when compared to a traditional equal-mass model with the same number of particles. When evolving both models with a real N -body code, the diffusion coefficients in our model are reduced by a similar factor. Therefore, for certain types of problems, our scheme is a practical method for reducing the two-body relaxation effects, thereby bringing the N -body simulations closer to the collisionless ideal.     

Archean-Paleoproterozoic Lithospheric Mantle at the Northern Margin of the North China Craton Represented by Tectonically Exhumed Peridotites

Tectonically emplaced peridotites from North Hebei Province, North China Craton, have retained an original harzburgite mineral assemblage of olivine(54%–58%) + orthopyroxene(40%–46%)+minor clinopyroxene(1%)+spinel. Samples with boninite-like chemical compositions also coexist with these peridotites. The spinels within the peridotites have high-Al end-members with Al_2O_3 content of 30 wt % –50 wt %, typical of mantle spinels. When compared with experimentally determined melt extraction trajectories, the harzburgites display a high degree of melting and enrichment of SiO_2, which is typical of cratonic mantle peridotites. The peridotites display variably enriched light rare earth elements(REEs), relatively depleted middle REEs and weakly fractionated heavy REEs, which suggest a melt extraction of over 25% in the spinel stability field. The occurrence of arc-and SSZ-type chromian spinels in the peridotites suggests that melt extraction and metasomatism occurred mostly in a subduction-related setting. This is also supported by the geochemical data of the coexisting boninite-like samples. The peridotites have ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios ranging from 0.113–0.122, which is typical of cratonic lithospheric mantle. These ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios yield model melt extraction ages(TRD) ranging from 981 Ma to 2054 Ma, which may represent the minimum estimation of the melt extraction age. The Al_2O_3-~(187)Os/~(188)Os-proxy isochron ages of 2.4 Ga–2.7 Ga suggest a mantle melt depletion age between the Late Achaean and Early Paleoproterozoic. Both the peridotites and boninite-like rocks are therefore interpreted as tectonically exhumed continental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton, which has experienced mantle melt depletion and subduction-related mantle metasomatism during the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic.