全文获取类型
收费全文 | 647篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 17篇 |
大气科学 | 49篇 |
地球物理 | 200篇 |
地质学 | 170篇 |
海洋学 | 63篇 |
天文学 | 105篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
自然地理 | 88篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 42篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 29篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有697条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
R.L. Hervig J.V. Smith I.M. Steele J.B. Dawson 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1980,50(1):41-58
Ion and electron microprobe analyses of twenty-one CrAl-spinel harzburgite xenoliths from southern African kimberlites show two chemical groups. Orthopyroxenes from “fertile” harzburgites have higher CaO (mean of 11, 0.95 wt.%), Al2O3 (3.05 wt.%), Cr2O3 (0.85 wt.%) and Li (0.8 ppmw) than those from “barren” harzburgites (mean of 10, CaO 0.24 wt.%, Al2O3 1.10 wt.%, Cr2O3 0.35 wt.%, Li 0.3 ppmw). Olivines from all harzburgites have similar chemistry except that mean values of Li and Na are higher for barren than fertile harzburgites (Li 0.9 vs. 0.4 ppmw; Na2O 16 vs. 7 ppmw). Orthopyroxenes from fertile harzburgites are chemically distinct from those in garne lherzolites from southern Africa and spinel lherzolites from southwest U.S.A., but orthopyroxenes from barren harzburgites are indistinguishable from those in many coarse garnet lherzolites.Chromium, Ca, Ni, Na and Li in coexisting olivines and orthopyroxenes from the above rock types show complex patterns, which for Ca, Cr and Ni can be related to pressure and temperature. Temperatures from an empirically calibrated thermometer based on Ni-Mg exchange between olivine and orthopyroxene, measured modes of harzburgites (fertile, mean of 10: ol 68, opx 31, spinel-silicate intergrowth <0.5; barren, mean of 8: ol 76, opx 23, spinel and spinel-silicate intergrowth 1), and high-pressure experimental studies suggest (a) that harzburgites are residues of partial melting, (b) that barren harzburgites were melted to a greater extent at a higher temperature (though probably at a similar depth) than fertile harzburgites, and (c) that incomplete reequilibration during retrograde metamorphism has led to development of complex inter- and intragranular textures, probably in the range ~700–900°C. 相似文献
73.
Ibitira meteorite is interpreted as a strongly metamorphosed, unbrecciated, vesicular eucrite with a primary variolitic and secondary hornfelsic texture dominated by 60% pyroxene (bulk composition En37Fs48Wo15 exsolved into lamellae several micrometers wide of augite En32Fs27Wo41 and pigeonite En40Fs56Wo4) and 30% plagioclase An94 (mosaic extinction and variable structural state). Minor phases are 5% tridymite plates one-quarter occupied by plagioclase (An94) inclusions; several percent intergrowths of ilmenite and Ti-chromite with trace kamacite Fe99Co0.5Ni0.2 and narrow olivine (Fa83) rims; one grain of low-Ti-chromite enclosed in tridymite; trace troilite with kamacite Fe98Co1.0Ni0.9. Euhedral ilmenite, Ti-chromite, plagioclase and merrillite in vesicles indicate vapor deposition. These properties can be explained by a series of processes including at least the following: (1) igneous crystallization under pressure low enough to allow vesiculation, (2) prolonged metamorphism, perhaps associated with vapor deposition and reduction, to produce the coarse exsolution of the pyroxene and the coarse ilmenite-chromite intergrowths, (3) strong shock which affected the plagioclase and tridymite but not the pyroxene, (4) sufficient annealing to allow recrystallization of the plagioclase and tridymite, and partial conversion to the low structural state of the former. 相似文献
74.
Seismic reflection coefficients from mantle fault zones 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary. Several bright reflections from structures within the mantle can be seen on BIRPS' deep seismic reflection profiles. We have calculated apparent reflection coefficients for the brightest of these events and obtain values around 0.1. It is not possible to produce such large reflections by either compositional layering or seismic anisotropy if olivine and pyroxene are the only significant minerals in the mantle. These large reflections can be produced by a mafic layer or a partially hydrated layer within normal peridotite. The brightest reflections seem to be best explained as major faults or shear zones within the mantle. 相似文献
75.
76.
Nick Porch Gregory J. Jordan David M. Price Richard W. Barnes Mike K. Macphail Mike Pemberton 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(27-28):3197-3210
This paper explores the palaeoclimatic significance of a fossil plant and insect record from Yarra Creek, on King Island, between Tasmania and the Australian mainland. The record dates, based upon a thermoluminescence chronology and other evidence, to Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5); the exact timing is impossible to ascertain given the resolution of the thermoluminescence results and the presence of an unconformity in the dated section. The presence of a cool-temperate rainforest flora, outside its modern range, and other independent evidence, suggest the sequence may represent the last interglacial (MIS 5e) rather than a later MIS 5 substage. Using coexistence methods that compare modern climatic ranges of the taxa in the assemblage we reconstruct independent beetle and plant based annual and seasonal temperate and precipitation parameters. The results imply the assemblage was deposited under a wetter summer climate and suggest conditions of enhanced temperature seasonality. It is probable that enhanced temperature seasonality is a methodological artefact reflecting the rarity of extremely equable climates (like King Island) in modern climate space. This would indicate a limitation of most methods of palaeoclimatic reconstruction that rely on modern datasets – it is only possible to reconstruct past climates as being within the range of values in that currently exist in modern climate space. 相似文献
77.
There is a dearth of knowledge on the runoff processes of eucalypt woodland communities in the semi-arid tropics of Australia. The work was undertaken on a 100 m transect of a 0·8 degree hillslope typical of the ‘smooth plainlands’ of central-north Queensland. This paper introduces a new experimental design for measuring overland flow in such areas by way of a cascade system of unbounded runoff plots which allow the inputs and outputs between troughs to be calculated. Most storms generate overland flow. Time to overland flow ranges between 1 and 18 min where rain intensities are above 10mm hr−1 and when the average detention storage of 3·6 mm is exceeded. The bare soil surfaces within the scattered grass understory control the runoff generation process through the temporal variability of field saturated hydraulic conductivity. The study demonstrated that overland flow is mainly redistributed over the freely-draining oxic soil. Some areas export more overland flow than they gain from upslope (runoff), others gain more overland flow than they export (runon). Over the study period only 2 per cent of total rain is transferred out of this 100 m transect as overland flow due to the short duration of storms, the relatively high soil permeability, and the low slope angle. The remainder adds to the large soil water store or deep drainage. The variability of runoff–runon over these ‘smooth plainlands’ highlights how results from bounded plots would be misleading in such areas. 相似文献
78.
Jonathan Irwin Suzanne Aigrain Simon Hodgkin Keivan G. Stassun Leslie Hebb Mike Irwin Estelle Moraux Jerome Bouvier Aude Alapini Richard Alexander D. M. Bramich Jon Holtzman Eduardo L. Martín Mark J. McCaughrean Frédéric Pont P. E. Verrier María Rosa Zapatero Osorio 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(2):541-550
We present a general recipe for constructing N -body realizations of galaxies comprising near spherical and disc components. First, an exact spherical distribution function for the spheroids (halo and bulge) is determined, such that it is in equilibrium with the gravitational monopole of the disc components. Second, an N -body realization of this model is adapted to the full disc potential by growing the latter adiabatically from its monopole. Finally, the disc is sampled with particles drawn from an appropriate distribution function, avoiding local-Maxwellian approximations. We performed test simulations and find that the halo and bulge radial density profile very closely match their target model, while they become slightly oblate due to the added disc gravity. Our findings suggest that vertical thickening of the initially thin disc is caused predominantly by spiral and bar instabilities, which also result in a radial re-distribution of matter, rather than scattering off interloping massive halo particles. 相似文献
79.
80.
The EU Water Framework Directive recognises that ecological status is supported by the prevailing physico-chemical conditions in each water body. This paper describes an approach to providing guidance on setting thresholds for nutrients taking account of the biological response to nutrient enrichment evident in different types of water. Indices of pressure, state and impact are used to achieve a robust nutrient (nitrogen) threshold by considering each individual index relative to a defined standard, scale or threshold. These indices include winter nitrogen concentrations relative to a predetermined reference value; the potential of the waterbody to support phytoplankton growth (estimated as primary production); and detection of an undesirable disturbance (measured as dissolved oxygen). Proposed reference values are based on a combination of historical records, offshore (limited human influence) nutrient concentrations, literature values and modelled data. Statistical confidence is based on a number of attributes, including distance of confidence limits away from a reference threshold and how well the model is populated with real data. This evidence based approach ensures that nutrient thresholds are based on knowledge of real and measurable biological responses in transitional and coastal waters. 相似文献