基于改进高斯两步移动搜索法的深圳市公园绿地可达性评价

公园绿地可达性是衡量城市宜居水平的重要指标.针对传统可达性分析多用统计数据开展评估而导致的供需尺度失衡问题,论文以深圳为例,采用公园绿地空间矢量数据和手机信令数据获取供需空间分布,采用高斯两步移动搜索法计算交通小区(TAZ)尺度公园绿地可达性,并结合可达性结果及供需、交通情况聚类,剖析可达性差异化模式及成因.主要结论如...     

利用EEMD及超导重力数据探测超低频地球自由振荡模态分裂信号：探测实例

利用2004年苏门答腊9.0级地震后GGP台网中15台超导重力仪的18组观测数据,采用EEMD分解技术及叠积技术,检测了频率小于1 mHz的低频地球自由振荡的简正模（3S1、0S4、0S5）及其频谱分裂现象。通过对原始分钟间隔的超导重力数据进行预处理得到重力残差,然后运用EEMD方法将其分解到处于不同频段上的IMF分量,提高了探测低频自由振荡信号的信噪比,使一些低频自由振荡信号的谱线分裂更清晰地显现出来。结果表明,经过EEMD分解过的重力残差能更有效地检测低频自由振荡信号,得到信噪比更高的低阶球型振荡分裂谱线。该研究进一步证实了EEMD数据处理方法的有效性以及超导重力仪在低阶地球自由振荡检测中的优越性。     

武汉市大气污染变化趋势预测

以2014年武汉市大气污染源排放清单为基准,结合《武汉市城市空气质量达标规划（2013-2027年）》研究工作,预测了其实施后在控制"两高"行业新增产能、污染源综合治理、淘汰落后产能、控制机动车保有量等方面对武汉市SO₂、NO_x、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的减排量.利用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统（NAQPMS）,模拟分析了《达标规划》大气污染治理重点工程实施的空气质量改善效果.结果表明：《达标规划》实施后,2020年武汉市SO₂、NO₂、PM₁₀和PM_2.5排放量将分别比2014年削减22%~66%、6%~37%、14%~40%和17%~46%;武汉市空气质量有所改善,但NO₂和颗粒物年均浓度仍不能达到环境空气质量二级标准.     

城市地表温度热岛影响因素研究进展

城市地表温度热岛是城市生态环境效应研究的热点之一,其影响因素研究为缓解城市热岛带来的负效应、促进城市可持续发展提供依据.本文系统回顾了国内外关于城市地表温度热岛影响因素的研究进展.首先结合热岛效应表征的地表能量过程,基于景观生态学格局-过程理论,从地表能量吸收释放、转换及传输3种过程中归纳热岛效应的影响机理,分别对应地...     

基于遥感指数的南京市城市热岛时空演变分析

以南京市为研究区域,基于Landsat系列影像,采用单窗算法反演南京市2000—2017年的地表温度.通过地表温度均值标准差法划分城市热岛等级,分析南京市城市热岛时空演变特征,并基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化建筑指数(NDBI),分析南京市城市热岛和植被覆盖及不透水面的关系.研究结果表明,南京市2000—2017年城市热岛现象明显且有逐渐增长趋势;南京市城市热岛与植被覆盖、城市不透水面表现出较强的空间一致性;南京市城市热岛与植被覆盖和不透水面分别呈现负相关和正相关关系.研究为南京市城市环境管理与城市合理规划提供了一定的理论依据与参考.     

基于不透水表面指数的城市地表覆被格局特征——以深圳市为例

以遥感数据进行土地利用/覆被分类为基础,利用景观格局指数研究快速城市化地区地表覆被格局变化时,面临两大难题,即① 混合像元影响分类的精度存在不确定性,直接影响格局分析结论的可靠性;② 景观格局指数,难以有效分析城市内部局部地区景观格局演变过程的变化特征。针对上述关键问题,本文以不透水表面组分表征城市的主体景观,运用地统计学及剖面线方法分析深圳市地表覆被格局的空间分异及其演变特征。结果表明：① 1990-2005 年,深圳地表覆被空间格局经历了分散-单中心聚集-多中心分散-多中心聚集的演变过程,在经历了东西-西北东南-东北西南-南北方向的发展过程后,景观整体的自相关程度高,空间梯度差异小。1990 年的不透水表面组分比2005 年低20%~40%,并且早期局地变化波动较大,后期变化波动明显减小。在局地空间演变上,老城区变化小,新城区及工业区变化大,城市不透水表面的局地空间差异性显著缩小。② 城市不透水表面具有显著的梯度特征,在空间上主要呈现连续渐变的特点,因而在格局分析方法上,地统计学与剖面线方法可以同时从整体和局地两个层次对空间格局演变进行有效刻画。     

Development of an inactivated iridovirus vaccine against turbot viral reddish body syndrome

Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) reddish body iridovirus(TRBIV) was propagated in turbot fin cells(TF cells) and inactivated as the TRBIV vaccine with its protection efficiency evaluated in this study.TF cells were cultured in 10% bovine calf serum(BCS)-containing MEM medium(pH7.0) at 22℃,in which TRBIV propagated to a titer as high as 105.6 TCID50 mL-1.The TRBIV was inactivated with 0.1% formalin and formulated with 0.5% aluminum hydroxide.The inactivated vaccine caused neither cytopathogenic effect(CPE) on TF cells nor pathogenic effect on turbots.After being administered with the vaccine twice via muscle injection,the turbot developed high-tittered TRBIV neutralizing antibodies in a dose-dependent manner.The vaccine protected the turbot from dying with an immunoprotection rate of 83.3% as was determined via subcutaneous vaccination in the laboratory and 90.5% via bath vaccination in turbot farms,respectively.The inactivated vaccine was very immunogenic,efficiently preventing tur-bot from death.It holds the potential of being applied in aquaculture.     

Structure and anti-influenza A (H1N1) virus activity of three polysaccharides from Eucheuma denticulatum

Three polysaccharides(EW,EH and EA) were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water,hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution.Their monosaccharide compositions,relative molecular mass and structural characterization were determined by gas chromatography,high performance 1iquid chromatography,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods.EW was hybrid ι/κ/ν-carrageenan(70 ι/17κ/13ν-carrabiose),EH was mainly ι-carrageenan,and EA was mainly α-1,4-Glucan(88%) but mixed with small amount of ι-carrageenan(12%).The relative molecular mass of EW,EH and EA was 480,580 and 510 kDa,respectively.The anti-influenza A(H1N1) virus activity of these three polysaccharides was evaluated using the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells model.EW showed good anti-H1N1 virus activity,its IC 50 was 276.5 μg mL-1,and the inhibition rate to H1N1 virus was 52% when its concentration was 250 μg mL-1.The IC 50 of ι-carrageenan EH was 366.4 μg mL-1,whereas EA showed lower anti-H1N1 virus activity(IC 50 >430 μg mL-1).Available data obtained give positive evidence that the hybrid carrageenan EW from Eucheuma denticulatum can be used as potential anti-H1N1 virus inhibitor in future.     

Spatial Process of Green Infrastructure Changes Associated with Rapid Urbanization in Shenzhen,China

Through a case study of Shenzhen City,China,this study focused on a quantitative method for analyzing the spatial processes involved in green infrastructure changes associated with rapid urbanization.Based on RS,GIS and SPSS statistics software,the approach includes selection of the square analysis units and representative landscape metrics,quantification of the change types of landscape metrics in all analysis units through two indices and hierarchical cluster analysis of the above analysis units with different landscape metric change types(i.e.spatial attributes).The analyses verify that there is a significant sequence of continuous changes in green infrastructure in Shenzhen.They are the perforation,the segmentation,the fragmentation,the evanescence and the filling-in processes,which have a good spatio-temporal correspondence with urbanization and reflect the synthetic influence of urban planning,government policies and landforms.Compared with other studies on quantifying the spatial pattern,this study provides an alternative probe into linking the spatial pattern to spatial processes and the corresponding ecological processes in the future.These spatio-temporal processes offer many opportunities for identifying,protecting and restoring key elements in an urban green infrastructure network for areas in the early stages of urbanization or for non-urbanized areas.