燕辽成矿带养马甸斑岩型钼矿成矿岩体的年代学、地球化学及成岩成矿环境

养马甸钼矿床位于燕辽钼(铜)成矿带东段的辽西地区。养马甸岩体由似斑状花岗岩、粗粒花岗岩和细粒花岗岩3个不同岩相组成,主要矿物为石英(30%～45%)、钾长石(35%～50%)、斜长石(15%～25%)和少量黑云母(3%～5%)。矿体主要赋存于养马甸岩体的细粒花岗岩中,少部分赋存在紧邻细粒花岗岩的粗粒花岗岩和似斑状花岗岩中。地球化学研究表明,养马甸岩体总体为富硅(w(SiO2)=69.26%～76.44%)、富碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=7.87%～8.81%),贫钙(w(CaO)=0.36%～1.33%)、镁(w(MgO)=0.17%～0.61%)和铁(w(FeOT)=1.47%～3.39%)的钾质(K2O/Na2O=1.05～1.31)—准铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=0.90～1.00)。该岩体总体富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Th和LREE),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和HREE)亏损不明显,而中稀土相对亏损,在稀土元素配分图上呈左陡右缓的"V"型。岩石地球化学及矿物演化特征表明,养马甸岩体的不同岩相为同源岩浆经历不同程度分离结晶作用的产物,其母岩浆来源于高压麻粒岩相下地壳物质的部分熔融。成岩与成矿年代学研究表明,似斑状花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(192.1±1.9)Ma,粗粒花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(189.5±1.4)Ma,而细粒花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(189.3±3.3)Ma。结合对已有资料的归纳和分析,认为养马甸斑岩钼矿形成于后造山背景下的陆内伸展环境,含矿岩体及斑岩型钼矿的形成可能与古亚洲洋残留地幔楔在早侏罗世的再活化有关。     

CHINESE SYNTHETIC SILICATE AND LIMESTONE CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS

In 1990, the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration prepared a series of certified reference materials of synthetic silicates and limestones. The silicate series (GSES I * ) is composed of 11 samples with 28 ingredient elements and the limestone series (GSES II*) is composed of 9 samples with 29 ingredient elements. The standard series were prepared in ascending element concentration order of 1, 2 and 5. The synthetic standards were analyzed by a large number of laboratories with various reliable methods and then certified values were derived.     

合成孔径侧视雷达影象平面加密精度

本文是通过三条合成孔径侧视雷达航带影象的几何处理,检验它的平面加密精度,分析其今后测制中小比例尺地图的前景。几何处理分两步进行:(1)由雷达影象改化成地面坐标。这个过程包括影象的测距方向,航向,地面高差和地球弯曲等项改正。(2)由地面坐标变换到大地坐标。根据158个检查点计算坐标均方根误差(以影象比例尺表示)为m_x=0.09mm,m_y=0.08mm,m_s=0.12mm。以上的精度完全满足测制1:5万地图加密点精度要求,同时也适合于测制边远地区1:2.5万地图精度。根据实际计算结果表明,由地面变换到大地坐标,最佳精度并不一定是Derenyi,Leberl推导的高次多项式,而是不含有y²项的二次多项式,因此可以认为二次多项式为该雷达系统成象变形规律。理论的分析与计算结果说明,侧视雷达影象的改化,特需考虑投影差的改正,它能显着地提高平面精度,而侧视雷达航带影象的分段处理也有利于提高平面精度。     

The influence of rainfall on PR radar measurement of ocean surface wind speed and its calibration

Rain can significantly degrade the wind vector retrieval from Precipitation Radar(PR) by three mechanisms, namely, two-way rain attenuation, rain volume-backscattering, and ocean surface roughening from the rain splash effect. Here we first derive the radar equation for PR in rainy conditions. Then we use the rain attenuation model for Ku band, volume backscatter model for spherical raindrops and PR–TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager, TMI) matchup datasets from June to August in 2010 to solve the radar equation, and quantitatively analyze the influence of rainfall on PR radar measurement of ocean surface wind speed. Our results show that the significant effect of rain on radar signal is dominated by two-way rain attenuation and rain splash effect, and the effect of rain volume-backscattering is relatively the weakest, which can even be neglected in rain-weak conditions. Moreover, both the two-way rain attenuation and rain splash effect increase with the increasing of integration rain rate and incident angle. Last, we combine volume-backscattering effect and splash effect into a simple phenomenological model for rain calibration and select three typhoon cases from June to August in 2012 to verify the accuracy of this model. Before calibration, the mean difference and mean square error(MSE) between PR-observed ? 0 and wind-induced ? 0 are about 2.95 dB and 3.10 dB respectively. However, after calibration, the mean difference and MSE are reduced to 0.64 dB and 1.61 dB respectively. The model yields an accurate calibration for PR near-nadir normalized radar cross section(NRCS) in rainy conditions.     

Subduction channel fluid-rock interaction:Indications from rutile-quartz veins within eclogite from the Yuka terrane,North Qaidam orogen

High-pressure(HP)or ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)rutile-quartz veins that form at mantle depths due to fluid-rock interaction can be used to trace the properties and behavior of natural fluids in subduction zones.To explore the fluid flow and the associated element mobility during deep subduction and exhumation of the continental crust,we investigated the major and trace elements of Ti-rich minerals.Additionally,U–Pb dating,trace element contents,and Lu–Hf isotopic composition of zircon grains in the UHP eclogite and associated rutile-quartz veins were examined in the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt,Yuka terrane.The zircon grains in the rutile-quartz veins have unzoned or weak oscillatory zonings,and show low Th/U ratios,steep chondrite-normalized patterns of heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and insignificant negative Eu anomalies,indicating their growth in metamorphic fluids.These zircon grains formed in 431
3 Ma,which is consistent with the 432
2 Ma age of the host eclogite.As for the zircons in the rutile-quartz veins,they showed steep HREE patterns on one hand,and were different from the zircons present in the host eclogite on the other.This demonstrates that their formation might have been related to the breakdown of the early stage of garnet,which corresponds to the abundance of fluids during the early exhumation stage.The core-rim profile analyses of rutile recorded a two-stage rutile growth across a large rutile grain;the rutile core has higher Nb,Ta,W,and Zr contents and lower Nb/Ta ratios than the rim,indicating that the rutile domains grew in different metamorphic fluids from the core towards the rim.The significant enrichment of high field strength elements(HFSEs)in the rutile core suggests that the peak fluids have high solubility and transportation capacity of these HFSEs.Furthermore,variations in the Nb vs.Cr trends in rutile indicate a connection of rutile to mafic protolith.The zircon grains from both the rutile-quartz veins and the host eclogite have similar Hf isotopic compositions,indicating that the vein-forming fluids are internally derived from the host eclogite.These fluids accumulated in the subduction channel and were triggered by local dehydration of the deeply subducted eclogite during the early exhumation conditions.     

Improvement of glacial lakes detection under shadow environment using ASTER data in Himalayas, Nepal

The detection of glacial lake change in the Himalayas, Nepal is extremely significant since the glacial lake change is one of the crucial indicators of global climate change in this area, where is the most sensitive area of the global climate changes. In the Himalayas, some of glacial lakes are covered by the dark mountains′ shadow because of their location. Therefore, these lakes can not be detected by conventional method such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), because the reflectance feature of shadowed glacial lake is different comparing to the ones which are located in the open flat area. The shadow causes two major problems: 1) glacial lakes which are covered by shadow completely result in underestimation of the number of glacial lakes; 2) glacial lakes which are partly identified are considered to undervalue the area of glacial lakes. The aim of this study is to develop a new model, named Detection of Shadowed Glacial Lakes (DSGL) model, to identify glacial lakes under the shadow environment by using Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the Himalayas, Nepal. The DSGL model is based on integration of two different modifications of NDWI, namely NDWIs model and NDWI she model. NDWIs is defined as integration of the NDWI and slope analysis and used for detecting non-shadowed lake in the mountain area. The NDWIshe is proposed as a new methodology to overcome the weakness of NDWIs on identifying shadowed lakes in highly elevated mountainous area such as the Himalayas. The first step of the NDWIshe is to enhance the data from ASTER 1B using the histogram equalization (HE) method, and its outcome product is named ASTER he . We used the ASTER he for calculating the NDWI he and the NDWIshe . Integrated with terrain analysis using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, the NDWI she can be used to identify the shadowed glacial lakes in the Himalayas. NDWIs value of 0.41 is used to identify the glacier lake (NDWIs≥0.41), and 0.3 of NDWIshe is used to identify the shadowed glacier lake (NDWIshe≤0.3). The DSGL model was proved to be able to classify the glacial lakes more accurately, while the NDWI model had tendency to underestimate the presence of actual glacial lakes. Correct classification rate regarding the products from NDWI model and DSGL model were 57% and 99%, respectively. The results of this paper demonstrated that the DSGL model is promising to detect glacial lakes in the shadowed environment at high mountains.     

应用抽芯验桩技术时应注意的几个问题

讨论并提出了抽芯验桩孔的孔径、桩身混凝土芯样强度换算、设计桩身混凝土抗压强度标准值的取定原则和方法     

两次强震前乌什地震台地倾斜异常及其预报

本文介绍了1990年12月独联体境内伊塞克湖Ms6.7地震和1991年2月新疆柯坪Ms6.5地震前,乌什地震台石英水平摆倾斜仪观测资料出现的异常变化。6.7级地震的累积异常量级为1.3×10~(-4),持续时间为两个月。6.5级地震的异常量级为8.5×10~(-70,持续时间27天。本文还就两次地震的预报及形变异常与地质构造之间的关系等进行了分析讨论。     

Mechanisms for Organic Matter and Phosphorus Burial in Sedimentsof a Shallow, Subtropical, Macrophyte-Dominated Lake

We studied the role that submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays in the sedimentation of organic matter (OM) and phosphorus (P) in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida (USA), a shallow, hard-water, macrophyte-dominated water body. Carbon/Nitrogen ratios (C/N) and stable isotope signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in algae, higher plants, and surface sediments were measured to identify sources of OM to the lake mud. Pollen, plant macrofossils, and geochemistry in sediment cores indicated that primary productivity and SAV abundance in Lake Panasoffkee increased in the late 1800s, probably as a response to increased P loading from human settlement and forest clearance. SAV and associated periphyton served as temporary sinks for soluble P, maintaining relatively clear-water, low-nutrient conditions in the lake. P accumulation in Lake Panasoffkee sediments increased together with indicators for greater SAV presence. This suggests that SAV and associated epiphytes promote P burial and retention in sediments. Although it might be assumed that rooted submersed macrophytes are directly responsible for P uptake from water and transfer to sediments, C/N and stable carbon isotope results argue for the importance of other macrophyte growth forms, and perhaps epiphytic algae, in permanent OM and P sequestration. For instance, high rates of photosynthesis by epiphytes in hard-water systems consume CO₂ and promote CaCO₃ precipitation. Sloughing of accumulated carbonates from macrophyte leaves transfers epiphytes and associated P to the sediment. Our paleolimnological findings are relevant to restoration efforts in the Florida Everglades and support the claim that constructed SAV wetlands remove P from waters effectively.     

航空客运业与区域经济互动的时空维度 ——以长三角地区为例

以长三角地区为例,使用GW相关分析、EOF分析和空间相关性分析方法,基于2005-2018年的航空客运业和经济发展统计数据,对区域内航空客运业与经济发展两者之间互动状况的时空维度进行研究.结果发现:长三角地区航空客运业与区域经济之间互动关联呈现逆"核心—外围"的圈层分布特征.受上海"虹吸效应"影响,位于长三角核心圈层的...