中国南方地区水系沉积物中元素丰度

从中国南方12个省自治区230万km2面积上所采集的水系沉积物中按每1∶5万图幅一个组合样的密度组合成5 244件组合样,采用以ICP-MS、ICP-AES和XRF为主的先进的分析测试方法和严格的质量控制方法,准确测试了其中的76种元素。统计计算了中国南方地区76种元素的平均值,给出了中国南方地区水系沉积物中76种元素...     

富营养化高原浅水湖泊持续多年生态修复工程效果分析——以滇池大泊口为例

大泊口位于滇池草海南部,水域面积0.52 km²,平均水深约2 m,作为滇池草海重富营养化水域生态修复示范区,大泊口分别于2015和2019年开展了两期生态修复工程,经过近年来的系统治理,大泊口水生态治理效果初步显现。为分析探究成功修复湖区水质改善、生态系统企稳向好的原因,本研究选择2015年2月—2021年12月共7年的连续监测数据,根据工程开展情况以及水生态状况将大泊口水域划分为4个部分(A1～A4水域),首先分析4个区域内主要的水质指标(悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD_Cr)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和叶绿素a(Chl.a))的变化趋势和相关性,其次探究不同类型生态工程的修复效果,最后与草海和外海水域进行对比,分析大泊口的治理效果。结果表明,治理后大泊口A1～A4水域的COD_Cr、TP和Chl.a稳定下降,COD_Cr分别降低18.65、27.96、25.26、40.92 mg/L,TP分别降低0.11、0.10、0.11、0.14mg/L,Chl.a分别降低0.037、0.068、0.06...     

Variation of albedo to soil moisture for sand dunes and biological soil crusts in arid desert ecosystems

Surface albedo plays a crucial role in the energy balance of soils. The surface albedo and surface soil moisture of bare sand and biological soil crusts (BSCs) were concurrently observed on field plots of shifting sand dune and in revegetated desert ecosystems at Shapotou, northwestern China, to study relationships between surface albedo, solar elevation angle, and surface soil moisture. Results indicated that rainfall exerted a remarkable lowering effect on the variation of surface albedo by increasing surface soil moisture. Surface albedo was an exponential function of solar elevation angle, and the normalized surface albedo (solar elevation angle effect was removed) decreased exponentially with the increase of surface soil moisture. Sand surface had a higher albedo (0.266) than BSCs (0.226) when the surfaces were very dry. However, sand surface albedo became increasingly lower than that of BSCs when the surfaces were in wet conditions and when the soil moisture exceeded a critical value. The changes in soil surface albedo from sand dune to BSCs after revegetation in shallow soil profiles associated with the variation of the surface soil moisture can be seen as an indicator of the degree of sand dune stabilization when compared with the original shifting sand dune soil.     

Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.     

GAMIT在数据处理中若干问题探讨

讨论了GAMIT软件在处理区域GPS数据时,控制文件sestbl.的不同设置对计算结果和精度的影响,以期为同行的工作者们提供参考.     

基于信号包络线相似性的特定场地地下爆炸识别方法研究

基于信号包络线相似性, 本文提出了特定场地地下爆炸的识别方法, 并将其用于一个特定场地地震事件分析, 以评估该方法对特定场地爆炸事件的识别效果. 结果表明, 在误警率约为6.3%的情况下, 事件间距小于15 km的爆炸事件漏检率约为0.5%, 事件间距在15—30 km范围内的爆炸事件漏检率约为5.0%. 与波形互相关方法相比, 本文方法大幅扩大了有效识别特定场地爆炸事件的空间范围.      

Isolation and biological characteristics of aerobic marine magnetotactic bacterium YSC-1

1 INTRODUCTION Magnetotactic bacteria are able to respond and orient along the direction of terrestrial or artificial magnetic field, a behavior referred to as magneto- taxis. In the majority of magnetotactic bacteria, the magnetosomes are 25–120 nm in d…     

裂隙参数分析在岩体力学和水力学习性研究中的应用

岩体的力学和水力学习性主要取决于其中裂隙的发育程度。一定成因的裂隙具有一定的发育规律,这一规律既具确定性又具随机性。本文详细讨论了表示岩体裂隙发育程度特征参数的量测和分析方法,重点论述了裂隙参数分析在研究岩体渗透习性、岩体中裂隙网络计算机模拟及岩体弹性参数分析等方面的应用。     

埋藏第四系的沉积相研究——地球物理测井解释在第四纪沉积研究中的应用

关于第四纪埋藏沉积物成因类型的研究,常规的方法是利用钻井取芯资料进行综合分析和对比,所得结论往往是定性的。由于钻井取芯的费用十分昂贵,且第四纪松散沉积物的收获率一般比较低,所以这种方法的广泛应用受到了很大的限制。本文介绍了一种利用测井资料进行沉积相分析的思路和方法。由于地球物理测井具有快速、经济等特点,因此该方法在第四纪沉积的研究中具有较好的应用前景。另外,随着计算机的广泛使用,人工智能技术的迅速发展为测井相分析的定量化和自动化提供了实现的途径。     

An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.