老湾花岗岩体与金成矿关系新认识及其找矿意义

通过对老湾金矿带及南部带状展布的老湾花岗岩体野外调查,并结合对钻孔观察研究后认为:老湾花岗岩体与老湾金矿带成矿具有密切的时空和成因关系;老湾花岗岩体先行沿早期的老湾断裂充填就位,为成矿带来了热动力的同时提供了一定的矿质;其后,老湾花岗岩体沿老湾断裂向北逆冲推覆,推覆角48°~59°不等,且上陡下缓,盖在了赋矿地层龟山岩组之上;最后在燕山晚期以后又发生了NWW向的韧性剪切作用,掩盖了早期的断裂痕迹。老湾花岗岩体逆冲覆盖于赋矿地层龟山岩组之上的新认识,拓展了老湾金矿的找矿空间,预测资源量可达200t以上。     

地基InSAR技术及其典型边坡监测应用

为了开展边坡活动实时监测,研究以IBIS-L地基InSAR系统为代表的地基InSAR形变时序分析关键技术,进行针对不同变形特征的观测方案和数据处理方法的优化,并开展了奉节大树场镇灾后滑坡、神农架林区人工不稳定斜坡和备战铁矿露天采矿边坡等边坡活动的监测应用,以及备战铁矿隧道南口冰川运动的监测试验。4种类型边坡地基InSAR监测结果表明,在复杂工作情况下,地基InSAR设备具有较高的观测稳定性,在满足观测条件的情况下,地基InSAR测量精度能达到亚mm级,已成为监测边坡微小形变的重要技术手段。这扩展了形变监测模式从星载InSAR技术的“大尺度、宽覆盖”走向地基InSAR技术的“小尺度、局部精细测量”,进一步丰富了科研人员对边坡变形现象的动力学过程认识,为“星-地”联合InSAR技术监测地表形变过程奠定了技术基础。     

The structure of suspended matter in Lake Baikal according to the data of measurements of light scattering functions

By using light scattering functions measured in Lake Baikal, we compute the characteristics of suspended matter, such as the mass concentration and the number of particles of the mineral and biological fractions, their mean radius, and the parameter of dispersion of mineral particles. The data on the vertical distributions of the characteristics of suspended matter are obtained for various regions of the lake in the summer period. We compare the characteristics of suspended matter in the zones of upwelling and downwelling of waters in Lake Baikal and in the Indian Ocean, which reveals its identical specific composition in these waters.     

Seismic wave propagation analysis in vertical arrays at Kashiwazaki–Kariwa nuclear power plant site by using modified normalized input–output minimization (mod‐NIOM) method

A new approach on numerical modeling of wave propagation is introduced and is used to analyze the effect of earthquake magnitudes (ground motion amplitudes) on wave propagation. In this method, the sum of the maximum amplitudes of the first output model at time 0 s and rest of the output models at different times are normalized to unity. Considering this as a constraint, the sum of the weighted‐squared Fourier amplitudes is minimized by using the Lagrange multiplier method. The proposed method can reveal the relationship of actual time histories by showing simple clear peaks. This method is used to analyze the time histories of various earthquake events at different vertical array sites of the Kashiwazaki–Kariwa nuclear power plant of Tokyo electric power company (TEPCO). The wave arrival times obtained from this method and down‐hole measurements are compared. The results show increase in the arrival times at surface layer when the magnitude of earthquake is large. The results reveal that the amplitudes of small magnitude earthquakes at depths are small and are largely amplified at surface, whereas in case of large magnitude earthquakes, the amplitudes are large at depths and are deamplified at surface reflecting the effects of the strain‐dependent soil properties that result in non‐linear site response to strong shaking. The results also show that the reflected peak amplitudes are higher for small magnitude earthquakes than for large magnitude earthquakes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同气候带银杏叶角质层微观特征变化及其古气候意义

以广西桂林、安徽合肥及辽宁沈阳等三地的银杏材料为基础,通过对叶片及叶柄微观形态特征的对比研究,探讨银杏对不同气候带气候条件的响应。结果显示部分微观特征随气候带的变化而发生较为明显的变化。其中,气孔器长度和保卫细胞长宽比随纬度增加而减小,垂周壁宽度、普通表皮细胞长宽比及保卫细胞宽度随纬度增加有不同程度的增大。这些特征与其所生长环境中的湿度和降水因素可能有较大关系,并为地史时期银杏化石的相关古气候研究提供参考资料。     

Optimization of operational parameters for ethanol production from Korean food waste leachate

Recently, research on the production of ethanol from waste has been accelerating for both ecological and economical reasons, primarily for its use as an alternative to petroleum based fuels. In this study, response surface methodology based 2³ -full factorial central composite design was employed to optimize the parameters of ethanol production from Korean food waste leachate. The reducing sugar concentration of the food waste leachate determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid method was 75 g/L. A second order polynomial model was developed to evaluate the quantitative effects of temperature, pH and reducing sugar concentration in order to find an optimum condition for the ethanol production from food waste leachate. From the experimental result, maximum ethanol concentration of 24.17 g/L was obtained at the optimum condition of temperature (38 °C), pH (5.45) and reducing sugar concentration (75 g/L). The experimental value (24.17 g/L) agreed very well with the predicted one (23.66 g/L), indicating the suitability of the model employed and the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of ethanol production from food waste leachate. Canonical analysis indicated that the stationary point was a saddle point for the ethanol yield. Despite being a waste, an ethanol yield of 0.32 g ethanol/g reducing sugar demonstrated the potential of food waste leachate as a promising biomass resource for the production of ethanol.     

地下水深埋区咸水灌溉对土壤盐渍化影响的初步研究——以民勤绿洲为例

 针对民勤绿洲近几十年来大量开采地下水造成地下水位急剧下降,同时大规模开采地下劣质咸水用于农业灌溉的现状,采用咸水沟灌大田试验,就绿洲地下水深埋区（＞5 m）咸水灌溉对土壤盐渍化的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在地下水深埋区,灌溉水带入的盐分是土壤表层盐分积累的主要来源;播种前大定额淡水灌溉,土壤明显脱盐,但随着生长季内咸水灌溉及灌溉定额的减少,土壤开始返盐,到生长季末,根区土壤显著积盐,2 g·L-1和5 g·L-1咸水灌溉下土壤的积盐率分别为22.67%和35.30%;高垄覆膜种植方式下,膜上沟灌对沟下土壤盐分淋洗明显,但是在行间非覆膜区盐分强烈聚集;咸水灌溉导致根区土壤pH值升高,碱化度增大,绿洲土壤存在着明显的碱化趋势。     

浅析内蒙古数字化电视天气预报制作系统建设

数字技术在电视天气预报中的应用,使得电视天气预报节目制作系统告别了模拟技术,完全向数字技术转化,彻底实现了天气预报节目与电视台数字化节目的匹配。文章从数字化建设的必要性、设计思路、技术方法、设备选配、数字化节目制作以及安全维护等几个方面深入浅出地分析数字化电视天气预报制作系统建设。     

一次强暴雨过程地闪活动特征与中尺度对流系统和强降水的关系

利用2007年8月8日18时至9日02时发生在陕西关中强暴雨期间的地闪、卫星TBB、雷达回波和地面加密降水资料,通过统计和对比分析的方法,分析了地闪活动特征及其与中尺度对流系统（MCS）和强降水的关系。地闪活动特征分析显示,暴雨过程中负地闪占绝对优势,为总地闪的97.7%。负闪频数和总闪频数的逐时演变趋势完全一致且呈现两峰一谷的趋势,正闪频数的变化呈现三峰两谷的趋势,但是正闪频数最大值与总闪、负闪频数峰值时间一致。负闪活跃期正负闪6 min演变均表现为多峰结构,正闪的波峰提前于负闪的波峰12 min。负闪频数变化和MCS、雷达反射率因子演变对比分析表明,负闪发生区是未来对流云团和对流发展加强区,负闪频数密集区位于对流云团前部TBB等值线密集区,负闪频数的急剧增加意味着未来对流系统的猛烈发展;负闪主要出现在回波强度大于40 dBz的区域,正闪则落到强回波中心两侧30～40 dBz的回波区,中尺度对流系统快速发展加强期,负闪密集区位于回波单体的前沿,中尺度系统发展稳定少动期,负闪大部分集中在各对流单体的强回波中心附近。对比分析地闪与暴雨发生发展的关系可见,地闪的发生和急剧增加对暴雨发生和发展加强有很好指示意义,初闪的发生提前于强降水发生,地闪急剧增加与降水强度猛增密切关联,负地闪发生密集区是未来强降水发生区。     

雷达风廓线反演在云南强降水预报中的应用

利用VAD(Velocity Azimuth Display)方法反演多普勒雷达垂直风廓线,并将反演风场应用于云南强降水过程的诊断预报。通过反演风廓线资料与探空实况、NCEP再分析资料的对比分析,发现VAD方法反演的风廓线与实况资料具有较好的一致性,表明该方法在云南是可行的;通过反演风廓线资料可以较为精细地监测和分析大气垂直方向上水平风场的不连续性,由此得到低空切变、温度平流和低空急流等系统的厚度和强度演变特征。相对于时、空分辨率不足的常规探空资料,雷达反演风廓线具有较高的时间和垂直分辨率,能够更为详细地揭示强降水天气过程中起重要作用的天气系统的主要特征和演变过程。因此,VAD风廓线产品对云南强降水天气过程的预报具有较好的参考价值和应用前景。