松辽盆地西南部青山口组三段底界不整合面与油气分布

青山口组三段（K2qn^3）底界不整合面对松辽盆地西南部的油气分布产生重要影响。通过精细地层对比、高频地层单元的横向变化特征分析、岩性岩相特征分析、电性变化特征和地震反射波组研究，笔者等发现青三段底界是一个较大规模的区域性不整合面。首次提出该不整合面对松辽盆地南部西区的油气分布产生重要影响，主要表现在以下几个方面：①不整合面是油气长距离运移的有利通道，预测在套堡外围古潜山侧缘和西斜坡古湖湾发育区形成地层和岩性油气藏；②在坡折带，不整合面之上所形成的低水位期下切谷、斜坡扇、低位扇和水侵时期的超覆体，是形成多类型隐蔽性油气藏的有利空间；③在前缘相带，不整合面可以改善薄互层储集条件，增强油气储集性能。     

郯庐断裂带新生代的上地幔剪切作用与火山活动

沿郯庐断裂带新生代大规模的幔源玄武岩喷发是伴随着上地幔剪切作用而出现的。古近纪(老第三纪)伸展活动期，断裂带在上地幔的伸展剪切及同时的软流圈上涌、岩石圈拆沉是该阶段玄武岩浆活动的主要原因。断裂带内新近纪(新第三纪)至第四纪玄武岩中的幔源包体，不但指示了土地幔韧性剪切带的存在，也反映了断裂切割深度与详细的流变学特征。在新近纪以来的区域挤压背景下，郯庐断裂带压性或压扭性的上地幔剪切一地幔交代．_‘部分熔融是该期玄武岩喷发的主要机制。     

大兴安岭地槽褶皱系岩金找矿远景分析

大兴安岭地槽褶皱系是兴安岭—内蒙地槽褶皱区的主体。区内已发现旁开门、二十四号桥、宽河、泥鳅河等金矿床,多宝山、小多宝山、三矿沟等伴生金矿床(其中多宝山铜矿体的伴生金储量超过70×103kg)及四道沟东山、北西里、八里岗金矿点等共一百多处金矿床(点)。其中构造蚀变岩型和火山热液型金矿是区内主要成矿类型。研究区地壳构造运动强烈,既有古老基底构造的继承性,又受中新生代环太平洋成矿作用的叠加,为多期复合成矿的有利地段(多宝山铜 金矿田),是我国东北部重要的岩金矿化集中区。     

张家口地区地震活动与地质构造关系

依据张家口地区1996年1月1日至2015年12月31日发生的1 748个地震的震中分布,结合该区地震地质、构造等研究成果,通过对该区历史上破坏性地震和大量中小地震的时空分布特征进行分析,发现地震多集中在几组活动断层交汇区及活动断层两端、拐点、分支、分叉部位和断陷盆地边界(沉降幅度差较大地区)部位,可能是因为这些部位是应力易集中地区。该结论可为张家口地区地震预报提供初步背景参考。     

内蒙古锡林浩特早石炭世构造环境：来自变质基性火山岩的年代学和地球化学证据

内蒙古锡林浩特地区变质基性火山岩位于锡林浩特市东南部,大地构造上隶属于兴蒙造山带东段,其野外产出状态为锡林郭勒杂岩中的斜长角闪岩。应用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法,测得两组年龄为334.5±3.5 Ma和323.4±2.4 Ma,表明岩石的形成时代为早石炭世。地球化学特征显示研究区变质基性火山岩具有高Fe(TFeO=6.07%~10.55%)、高Mg(MgO=3.90%~11.29%)、高Al(Al_2O_3=12.68%~17.22%)、贫Ti(TiO_2=0.56%~1.69%)、富Na贫K(K_2O+Na_2O=2.12%~7.37%,K_2O/Na_2O=0.02~0.59)的特征,属于低钾—中钾低钛高镁铝钙碱性玄武岩或者安山岩,部分变质基性火山岩表现出高镁安山岩的特征。变质基性火山岩的稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=15.97×10~(-6)~176.0×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土分异不太显著(LREE/HREE=0.77~6.26),无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.48~1.13)。多数样品微量元素表现出强烈富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf。以上地球化学特征表明研究区变质基性火山岩的原岩可能为玄武岩或安山岩,形成于岛弧环境。岩石Sr-Nd同位素分析结果显示研究区变质基性岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i较低,为0.701828~0.704096,ε_(Nd)(t)为+2.83~+6.61,表明其直接来源于亏损的岩石圈地幔。综上所述,基本可以判定锡林浩特地区变质基性火山岩的原始岩浆应起源于受俯冲板片脱水交代的亏损地幔楔,是岛弧环境岩浆活动的产物。结合区域上前人的研究成果,认为该基性火山岩应该是在古亚洲洋洋壳向北俯冲,俯冲板片脱水形成的富集大离子亲石元素的流体进入上覆地幔楔,使地幔楔橄榄岩发生部分熔融而形成的,表明在早石炭世,古亚洲洋在研究区并没有关闭,而是正处于俯冲消减阶段。     

中更新世晚期以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通

黄河的形成演变,是综合反映东亚构造地貌和自然环境变迁的重大地质事件,中游是黄河演化的关键河段,也是研究意见分歧集中的河段。发育于晋陕峡谷北段的寺沟T5阶地代表了晋陕峡谷未沟通前的雏形黄河发育阶段,T4阶地代表了黄河的贯通形成。文中选择了自三门峡峡谷至河曲寺沟间不同地貌部位的5个T5阶地和1个T4阶地典型剖面进行了系统研究,通过对阶地上覆黄土野外地层划分、OSL和ESR年代测定及磁化率测试结果与黄土高原段家坡典型黄土地层的对比,确定T5阶地和T4阶地上覆黄土最底部地层分别为S2和S1古土壤层,由黄土地层年代序列确定两级阶地分别形成于250~200 ka BP和130~80 ka BP。根据阶地的分布和沉积特征,认为250 ka BP前后的构造活动是T5阶地形成的主因,此时雏形黄河自三门峡溯源侵蚀到了河津地区,但未沟通河套盆地。形成于130~80 ka BP期间的T4阶地发育,代表晋陕黄河北段与河套盆地得以沟通,现今黄河最终形成。     

四川雷波马家河坝逆冲断层研究

大比例尺填图和构造解析表明,马家河坝断层是发育于地台内部的一个小型逆冲断层,可分为5个带:前缘逆冲叠瓦带、中部剪切滑动带、东缘斜向逆冲走滑带、西缘斜向正断走滑带及后缘构造变形带。喜山期持续的区域应力作用使那里沟背斜SE翼沿软弱面断裂,经递进扩展变形,最终形成逆冲推覆构造。     

青西凹陷下白垩统湖相喷流岩成因探讨及其意义

青西凹陷下白垩统泥云岩 (泥质白云岩、白云质泥岩、白云岩,统称“泥云岩”)以其富含泥级钠长石、石英、铁白云石和重晶石等特殊矿物成分为特点。从构造、沉积、岩石学等方面对青西凹陷下白垩统泥云岩进行了地质分析,指出泥云岩的成因与湖底热水喷流有关。     

A new depression‐dominated delineation (D‐cubed) method for improved watershed modelling

Prior to hydrologic modelling, topographic features of a surface are derived, and the surface is divided into sub‐basins. Surface delineation can be described as a procedure, which leads to the quantitative rendition of surface topography. Different approaches have been developed for surface delineation, but most of them may not be applicable to depression‐dominated surfaces. The main objective of this study is to introduce a new depression‐dominated delineation (D‐cubed) method and highlight its unique features by applying it to different topographic surfaces. The D‐cubed method accounts for the hierarchical relationships of depressions and channels by introducing the concept of channel‐based unit (CBU) and its connection with the concept of puddle‐based unit (PBU). This new delineation method implements a set of new algorithms to determine flow directions and accumulations for puddle‐related flats. The D‐cubed method creates a unique cascaded channel‐puddle drainage system based on the channel segmentation algorithm. To demonstrate the capabilities of the D‐cubed method, a small laboratory‐scale surface and 2 natural surfaces in North Dakota were delineated. The results indicated that the new method delineated different surfaces with and without the presence of depressional areas. Stepwise changes in depression storage and ponding area were observed for the 3 selected surfaces. These stepwise changes highlighted the dynamic filling, spilling, and merging processes of depressions, which need to be considered in hydrologic modelling for depression‐dominated areas. Comparisons between the D‐cubed method and other methods emphasized the potential consequences of use of artificial channels through the flats created by the depression‐filling process in the traditional approaches. In contrast, in the D‐cubed method, sub‐basins were further divided into a number of smaller CBUs and PBUs, creating a channel‐puddle drainage network. The testing of the D‐cubed method also demonstrated its applicability to a wide range of digital elevation model resolutions. Consideration of CBUs, PBUs, and their connection provides the opportunity to incorporate the D‐cubed method into different hydrologic models and improve their simulation of topography‐controlled runoff processes, especially for depression‐dominated areas.     

Responses of landform development to tectonic movements and climate change during Quaternary in Fenhe drainage basin

Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landform. In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively, this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tectonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes. According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin, it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces. The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP, 0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively, synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8, S5 and S1 respectively. During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak, climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels. The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3 m.