基于共享模式的地震灾情集成发布平台设计与实现

本文通过对近年来典型破坏性地震应急处置过程及其产生的灾情信息的分析总结,针对地震应急过程中不同用户群体对地震灾情信息的需求、不同工作场景中可用的信息传播途径和灾情信息用户的双重身份特点,利用内容管理技术、信息集成发布技术、RIA技术、自适应网页设计技术等,设计实现了基于共享模式的分级分层地震灾情集成发布平台,实现了通过网页、手机APP、手机微信、短彩信等方式实时快速地发布地震应急过程产生的各类灾情信息,可为指挥人员、应急专业人员、政府和社会公众等提供便捷快速的灾情信息服务。     

Joint Estimation of Hydraulic and Poroelastic Parameters from a Pumping Test

The coupling of hydraulic and poroelastic processes is critical in predicting processes involving the deformation of the geologic medium in response to fluid extraction or injection. Numerical models that consider the coupling of hydraulic and poroelastic processes require the knowledge of relevant parameters for both aquifer and aquitard units. In this study, we jointly estimated hydraulic and poroelastic parameters from pumping test data exhibiting “reverse water level fluctuations,” known as the Noordbergum effect, in aquitards adjacent to a pumped aquifer. The joint estimation was performed by coupling BIOT2, a finite element, two‐dimensional, axisymmetric, groundwater model that considers poroelastic effects with the parameter estimation code PEST. We first tested our approach using a synthetic data set with known parameters. Results of the synthetic case showed that for a simple layered system, it was possible to reproduce accurately both the hydraulic and poroelastic properties for each layer. We next applied the approach to pumping test data collected at the North Campus Research Site (NCRS) on the University of Waterloo (UW) campus. Based on the detailed knowledge of stratigraphy, a five‐layer system was modeled. Parameter estimation was performed by: (1) matching drawdown data individually from each observation port and (2) matching drawdown data from all ports at a single well simultaneously. The estimated hydraulic parameters were compared to those obtained by other means at the site yielding good agreement. However, the estimated shear modulus was higher than the static shear modulus, but was within the range of dynamic shear modulus reported in the literature, potentially suggesting a loading rate effect.     

专题地图数据的转换、配准及应用

中国地质调查局在其网站上发布过多种比例尺的地质图,并将中国1∶20万、1∶25万、1∶50万比例尺的地质图空间数据库及中国区域地球化学数据库在网上提供给全社会使用,各类专题地图的数据主要为ArcGIS、MapGIS和JPG格式。为便于广大MapInfo用户使用,介绍了如何将MapGIS格式的矢量数据转换到MapInfo系统内,并简要介绍了利用MapInfo地理信息系统对JPG格式地图进行配准的方法,用户可在MapInfo系统或基于MapInfo二次开发的系统中添加各种表现形式的要素内容,并将转换后的数据提供给用户使用。     

城市道路平面设计资料的数字化处理

主要介绍了城市道路平面设计资料中各种曲线的数学模型,提出了建立平面设计资料数据库,并给出了数字化应用程序的基本流程.     

基于SVG的分布式WebGIS鹰眼图的研究

在对SVG和WebGIS等技术研究的基础上,结合实际应用的需求,提出了一种基于SVG的分布式轻型WebGIS框架模型,设计了主地图与鹰眼图之间图层的映射模型及运行体系,实现了主地图与鹰眼图正向同步与反向同步视图控制算法和分布式动态地图加载算法,并对其进行了详细的阐述和论证,其已经成功地在大庆油田得到了应用。     

0604号台风"碧利斯"持久不消及造成云南暴雨成因分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°6h再分析资料对0604号台风"碧利斯"登陆后持久不消及其造成云南暴雨的成因进行分析.其结果表明:两高间强而宽广的辐合带和西南急流增强使台风低压在陆上连续5d不消,副高、西南急流在低压区形成的最大风速中心位置决定台风低压移动方向.此次云南台风暴雨是在台风减弱低压主导作用下,激发强不稳定能量释放、产生强对流,形成利于垂直运动深厚发展伴有强抽吸作用的暴雨动力结构,孟加拉湾水汽源源不断向云南上空输送,经低层强水汽辐合抬升凝结而造成的.影响云南500hPa低压干位涡涡源中心值越大地面降水越强,850hPa干、湿位涡可提前12h预示台风减弱、移动方向的信息.     

Application of biooptical relationships for the determination of the characteristics of state of marine media in the optical monitoring of the black-sea waters performed by using transparency meters

As applied to the transparency meter installed in the hydrometeorological complex aimed at monitoring the Black-Sea coastal waters, we show the possibility of evaluation of various characteristics of state of the marine medium according to the data of measurements of the beam attenuation coefficient in two spectral regions: short-and long-wave. For this purpose, we use biooptical relations established on the basis of the experimental data accumulated for the Black Sea. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 37–45, March–April, 2008.     

Integration of the nuclease protection assay with sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) for sensitive detection of Heterocapsa triquetra

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA). We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected H. triquetra at a concentration of 1.5×10⁴ cells/mL, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015 (3.0×10⁴ cells/mL). We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect H. triquetra cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions.     

海洋结构薄板承载性能的裂纹群体效应

大型海洋结构长期服役中构件裂纹不可避免,结构承载性能必然随之弱化。针对含非均匀分布裂纹的薄板,以有限元方法对小变形状态下其极限承载能力进行计算,得到裂纹数量、长度、分布等因素对薄板屈曲临界应力的影响规律。发现裂纹不仅改变截面的有效承载面积,同时改变局部结构的变形状态,多种因素共同作用使板的承载性能非单调变化,即多裂纹对板承载性能的影响具有一定的"群体"效应。     

基于Argo海洋观测资料分析2005~2015年全球比容海平面变化的时空特征

利用3家机构（JAMSTEC、SIO、IPRC）发布的Argo海洋温度和盐度数据分析2005~2015年全球SSL在不同时间和空间尺度上的变化特征。结果表明,全球平均SSL（即由海水密度变化引起的）上升速率为1.08±0.38 mm/a;年际信号对SSL变化速率的估算结果存在显著影响,近期（2011~2015年）Argo数据的估算结果（2.16±0.50 mm/a）显著大于早期（2005~2010年）的结果（0.66±0.64 mm/a）。当前Argo产品用于全球平均SSL变化趋势的分析结果较为一致,差异为3家机构所得结果平均值的10%左右;而小尺度上(20°宽纬度带)的计算结果差异很大,能达到平均值的80%。对全球SSL的空间特征的分析结果也显示,3家机构产品估算的海平面比容变化周年振幅和线性速率在更小的尺度(±5°)上存在不可忽视的差异。