Effects of magnesium ions on near-equilibrium calcite dissolution: Step kinetics and morphology

Dissolution kinetics at the aqueous solution-calcite interface at 50 °C were investigated using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal the influence of magnesium concentration and solution saturation state on calcite dissolution kinetics and surface morphology. Under near-equilibrium conditions, dissolved Mg²⁺ displayed negligible inhibitory effects on calcite dissolution even at concentrations of . Upon the introduction of , the solution saturation state with respect to calcite, , acted as a “switch” for magnesium inhibition whereby no significant changes in step kinetics were observed at Ω_calcite<0.2, whereas a sudden inhibition from Mg²⁺ was activated at Ω_calcite?0.2. The presence of the Ω-switch in dissolution kinetics indicates the presence of critical undersaturation in accordance with thermodynamic principles. The etch pits formed in solutions with exhibited a unique distorted rhombic profile, different from those formed in Mg-free solutions and in de-ionized water. Such unique etch pit morphology may be associated with the anisotropy in net detachment rates of counter-propagating kink sites upon the addition of Mg²⁺.     

SWDC数字航摄仪在线路工程测量中的应用研究

SWDC数字航摄仪的研制成功,改变了我国航空摄影测量一直采用传统胶片摄影仪的局面。介绍SWDC数字航摄仪系统,并对其在线路工程测量中的应用作了试验。结果表明在大比例尺图的线路工程生产中,基于SWDC数字航摄仪的GPS辅助空中三角测量方法有很大优势,能够满足我国现行航空摄影测量规范对航测生产的精度要求。     

沉积环境有机质及在铀成矿中的作用研究

通过系统研究,将沉积环境有机质分为可确定或未确定的高相对分子质量有机物质、简单物质和腐殖质3个主要部分,一般称为非腐殖质和腐殖质2个部分.非腐殖质系指那些可被列入单独的化合物类别中的有机化合物,主要包括糖、脂类和氨基酸;腐殖质系指那些很难确定的不能再分成其他化合物的有机化合物,据其溶解性质和颜色特征,腐殖质分为黄腐酸、...     

Revisiting the Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking in the Northern Hemisphere

In addition to the occurrence of atmospheric blocking,the climatology of the characteristics of blocking events,including duration,intensity,and extension,in four seasons over the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed for the period 1950-2009.The seasonality and spatial variations of these characteristics were studied according to their longitudinal distributions.In general,there were sharp discrepancies in the blocking characteristics between winter and summer,and these differences were more prominent over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.The blocking not only occurred more frequently but also underwent stronger amplification in winter;likewise,the blocking occurred less frequently and underwent weaker amplification in summer.There are very strong interrelationships among different blocking characteristics,suggesting that they are supported by similar physical factors.In addition,the relationship between blocking over different regions and East Asian circulation was examined.Ural-Siberia is a major blocking formation region in all seasons that may exert a downstream impact on East Asia.The impact is generally weak in summer,which is due to its lower intensity and smaller duration.However,the extratropical circulation over East Asia in summer can be disturbed persistently by the frequent occurrence of blocking over the Asian continent or the Western Pacific.In particular,the blocking frequency over the Western Pacific significantly increased during the study period.This climatological information provides a background for studying the impact of blocking on East Asian circulation under both present and future climate conditions.     

升降轨PSInSAR地面沉降监测结果的互检验与时序融合

升降轨PSInSAR时序分析获得的同一地区2组监测结果分别为升轨和降轨下的地表形变速率与累积变形量。针对研究区地面以下沉为主,水平方向变形极为微小的特点,将视线向(line of sight,LOS)变形转换为垂向的下沉值,以此进行升降轨模式下2组观测值的比较与精度检验。在此基础上,将相干目标的2组观测序列数据融合以实现加密观测。研究结果表明:升降轨模式下沉降速率观测值的互检验精度优于2 mm;2组观测序列数据的融合结果进一步揭示了相干目标在时域上的非线性沉降特征。     

李四光科学精神初探——中国地质学会事略

百年前的中国,百业凋敝、风雨如磐,地质工作在夹缝中艰难发展,在这样的时代背景下,26位中外地质学家齐聚北京地质调查所,共同发起创立了中国地质学会,使我国地质工作者有了自己的学术组织.在地质先驱们的共同努力下,学会以促成地质学及其关系科学之进步为宗旨,发挥了凝聚地质科学人才、加强国际学术交流的桥梁纽带作用.在1922年中...     

青海省天峻县木里煤田聚乎更矿区构造轮廓和地层格架

木里煤田聚乎更矿区是全球陆上中纬度、高海拔冻土带天然气水合物的发现地,也是当前青藏高原地质研究的热点地区之一.依据近年来的煤炭地质勘查资料,对聚乎更矿区的构造轮廓、含煤地层、沉积相和聚煤作用进行深入分析,认为聚乎更矿区位于祁连坳褶带西段,受大通山北缘和托莱山南缘对冲断裂组的制约,构造线总体方向为北西-南东向,构造轮廓表...     

光纤光栅技术在周界入侵报警系统中应用研究

基于光纤光栅应变传感理论,开发以光纤光栅振动传感器为核心的周界入侵报警系统。由理论出发,建立了光纤光栅振动传感器设计框架。通过对不同尺寸质量块的实验研究,提出使用规格为4.5×20(mm×mm)的质量块;通过对不同光栅拉伸量的实验研究,提出0.8～1.0nm之间光栅拉伸量的光纤光栅振动传感器;通过对不同封装材料的对比实验,采用石英玻璃材料封装的方法。最后,将周界入侵报警系统进行了现场试验,波长检测范围是1 280～1 580nm,响应时间在3s以内,报警定位准确无误。     

Ultrastructure of extrusomes in hypotrichous ciliate Pseudourostyla nova

The ultrastructure of extrusomes of the hypotrichous ciliate Pseudourostyla nova was observed in scanning and transmission electron microscopy and enzyme-cytochemistry. The results show that the distribution, morphological characteristics, morphogenesis process, and extrusive process of the extrusomes in P. nova are different from the trichocysts in Paramecium, suggesting that the extrusomes of P. nova can respond to environmental stimuli, play an important role in the defense of this species, and cannot be regarded as "trichocysts". The results also suggest that the extrusomes might be originated from the Golgi apparatus and mature in the cytoplasm; after the extrusion of mature extrusomes, the residual substance might be reabsorbed and reused by the ciliate cell via food vacuoles, and take part in material recycling of the cell.     

民勤咸水灌溉及SWAP模型模拟研究

 采用0.8 g·L-1和5 g·L-1浓度咸水对民勤传统作物黄河蜜进行咸水灌溉试验。通过野外试验和实验室分析,评价了咸水灌溉对土壤性质和作物产量的影响,校正了SWAP模型并对相关因子进行了模拟分析。研究结果显示,尽管基于当地种植经验的灌水量与基于潜在蒸发蒸腾量（ET0）及根据田间持水量计算的需水量有一定差异,但灌溉水质和灌水量与田间产量具有较好的一致性;0.8 g·L-1处理的水利用效率高于5 g·L-1处理,湿润年的水利用效率高于干旱年;模拟结果显示,SWAP模型对不同试验处理和不同气候条件下的土壤性质和作物产量模拟效果较好。由此得出结论,在民勤可以利用SWAP模型模拟不同环境条件下的土壤水分状况及作物产量,为农田耕作提供理论支撑。