基于区域分割合并的建筑物半自动提取方法

提出了一种遥感图像半自动提取建筑物的方法。首先通过对建筑物边缘进行折线逼近和感知编组，可以得到其顶部大体结构。然后按照“二叉树”的数据结构，利用“超线”对建筑物影像进行区域分割。最后通过对分割后的区域进行相似性的统计并按照“二叉树”记录的分割顺序进行生长合并，从而得到了屋顶的边缘，实现了对平顶直角建筑物的提取。该方法能够充分利用区域的性质进行合并，稳定精确地提取建筑物。     

旅游研究中的问卷调查法应用规范

问卷调查法是旅游研究的重要手段与方法,然而在实际研究中,应用问卷调查法往往存在规范性不足的问题。本文以国内四大核心期刊的468篇涉及问卷调查法的旅游研究论文为研究样本,通过对问卷调查研究中的问卷设计、样本代表性、统计分析等方面的梳理分析,发现问卷调查法在旅游研究中的应用存在如下问题和不足：①问卷设计规范意识不强,缺乏对问卷设计的理论基础和问卷的试测与修正的必要描述;②样本的代表性不明,缺乏对抽样方法、问卷回收率、样本规模确定的必要说明;③问卷数据统计分析方法的选择与调查目的不匹配,缺乏对数据信度与效度的检验。本文据此及相关文献归纳总结,提出了旅游研究中问卷调查法的应用规范。     

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments. Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides. A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads. Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load. The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture. With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure, the fractures are in unbounded closed-state. This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks, and with the expanding of the cracks, the slope failure eventually occurred. The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.     

区域地球化学样品分析质量管理计算机控制

使用通用的Microsoft Office系统中的Excel软件,根据不同项目及不同元素的内检质量和一级标准物质质量,判断分析测试质量。对区域地球化学样品分析测试质量进行计算机及局域网质量控制,利用Access工具建立数据库,编制一级标准物质质量控制表、密码检查质量控制表,制作质量监控图及打印检测报告等质量监控体系,实现对化探样品分析数据质量的管理。     

一次电线积冰个例的数据处理及关联度分析

利用在四川省阿坝、甘孜和雅安布置的3个称重式电线积冰自动观测站2017年2月4—5日观测资料讨论该装置观测数据处理方法并分析所观测气象要素与数据的关联度。结果表明:基于T值的小波滤波方法具有良好的滤波效果,经过小波滤波后原始数据中的干扰量得到了有效抑制和消除,保留了数据变化的特征信息。通过灰色综合关联度分析,气象要素与电线积冰称重数据的关联度大小依次为温度、气压和风速,关联度在0.516~0.632之间;综合风向玫瑰图分析发现,迎风向导线积冰的增长大于顺风向。     

干旱荒漠区退耕地植被演替及土壤水分变化

采用时空互代法,以不同退耕年限退耕地为研究对象,对27个样方植被群落特征和土壤含水量变化特征进行描述性统计分析,使用多元线性回归探究植物演替和土壤水分之间的关系。结果表明：（1）退耕18a间,退耕地植被群落自然演替经历了一年生草本为绝对优势种一年生和多年生草本竞争存在灌木开始出现并逐渐成为优势种的演替过程,物种Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均出现增大的趋势。（2）土壤水分随着退耕年限的增加也有所增加,且同一退耕年限内,随着土壤深度增加,土壤水分亦逐渐增加。（3）土壤水分对物种Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数具有极显著影响,相比于其他土层,深度为40～50cm的土层对植被生长和演替的贡献最为显著。     

Air transportation in China: Temporal and spatial evolution and development forecasts

This paper analyses the features and dynamic changes of the spatial layout of air transportation utilization among different provinces in China. It makes use of data for the airport throughput and socio-economic development of every province throughout the country in the years 2006 and 2015, and employs airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per unit of GDP as measures of regional air transportation utilization, which is significant for refining indicators of regional air transportation scale and comparing against them. It also analyzes the spatial differences of coupling between the regional air transportation utilization indicators and the key influencing factors on regional air transportation demand and utilization, which include per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Based on these key influencing factors, it establishes a multiple linear regression model to conduct forecasting of each province’s future airport passenger and cargo throughput as well as throughput growth rates. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Between 2006 and 2015, every province throughout the country showed a trend of year on year growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita. Throughput per capita grew fastest in Hebei, with a rise of 780%, and slowest in Beijing, with a rise of 38%. Throughput per capita was relatively high in western and southeastern coastal regions, and relatively low in northern and central regions. Airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP showed growth in provinces with relatively slow economic development, and showed negative growth in provinces with relatively rapid economic development. Throughput per unit of GDP grew fastest in Hebei, rising 265% between 2006 and 2015, and Hunan had the fastest negative growth, with a fall of 44% in the same period. Southwestern regions had relatively high throughput per unit of GDP, while in central, northern, and northeastern regions it was relatively low. (2) Strong correlation exists between airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Throughput per capita has positive correlation with per capita GDP and urbanization rate in all regions, and positive correlation with population density in most regions. Meanwhile, there is weak correlation between airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density, with positive correlation in some regions and negative correlation in others. (3) Between 2015 and 2025, it is estimated that all provinces experience a trend of rapid growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput. Inner Mongolia and Hebei will see the fastest growth, rising 221% and 155%, respectively, while Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hubei will see the slowest growth, with increases of 62%, 63%, and 65%, respectively.     

大气红外探测器(AIRS)资料在塔克拉玛干沙漠的适用性检验与评估

由于沙漠恶劣的环境,观测站点稀少,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的温度、湿度时空分布很难仅仅依靠少量的常规观测资料分析得到,高分辨率的大气红外探测器（AIRS）资料可有效弥补这个空缺。地形和地表发射率是影响AIRS反演温湿度廓线产品进度的两大要素,在塔里木盆地的塔克拉玛干沙漠地区使用AIRS温湿度产品必须首先对其质量进行检验。本研究主要对2016年7月1~15日晴空背景下AIRS反演的温度、位势高度、水汽数据在塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边绿洲地区在早晨和傍晚的可信度作了详细的对比分析。结果表明：（1） AIRS卫星资料集里的温度资料与探空数据有很好的吻合度。温度资料在沙漠腹地尚有较小偏差,在周边绿洲地区尤其是其中高层一致性较高。AIRS反演温度在沙漠腹地的塔中站在早晨各层的偏差明显大于傍晚,其余各站早晨和傍晚反演偏差不大。（2） AIRS卫星测得的位势高度资料几乎与探空资料的完全一致,是本对比研究中观测质量最好的要素,但AIRS探测层次能达到1 hPa,探测高度优于探空。（3）反演的湿度廓线与探空偏差较大。AIRS资料的混合比在300 hPa上的高层与探空吻合,在中层偏干,低层偏湿,低层水汽探测误差可能与盆地地形和沙漠下垫面有关。（4）早晨沙漠腹地的塔中站AIRS反演气温平均偏差在各层均比其余7个绿洲站明显偏大,在500 hPa以下的低层明显偏冷,在其上明显偏暖,偏暖幅度随高度的升高而增大。早晨绿洲AIRS反演温度在所有气压层上温度偏差绝对值均在1℃以内,均方根误差小于2℃,傍晚偏差绝对值在3℃以内,均方根误差在700 hPa以下的低层较高层大,700 hPa以上在3℃以内。绝对误差在早晨和傍晚均随高度的升高而减小,在100 hPa以上又有逆转,这种逆转在塔中站尤为明显。