郯庐断裂带晚第三纪以来的浅部挤压活动与深部过程

郯庐断裂带晚第三纪以来持续遭受着挤压 ,使前期大规模的断陷盆地抬升、消亡 ,近代还是中国东部最大的地震活动带。断裂带所遭受的近WE向的挤压 ,是西太平洋弧后扩张和印度板块向北碰撞中的构造挤出作用产生的区域动力。断裂带在新生代挤压活动中切入上地幔 ,出现了地幔剪切、地幔交代、部分熔融等深部过程 ,最终形成了挤压背景下的陆内断裂带大规模的玄武岩喷发     

Micro-Column Separation/Pre-Concentration Combined with Fluorinating Electrothermal Vaporisation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Refractory Elements in Seawater, Soil and Sediment

A new, rapid and highly efficient method for the determination of trace amounts of refractory elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum) using micro-column separation/pre-concentration combined with fluorinating electrothermal vaporisation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (FETV-ICP-MS) has been developed. In this method, trace amounts of the analytes were selectively adsorbed by a conical micro-column packed with the solid phase extraction material N -benzoyl- N -phenylhydroxylamine loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene at desired pH values. Various factors influencing the separation/pre-concentration, such as pH, sample flow rate and sample volume were studied in detail, and the influences of the organic matrix and the pre-ashing temperature on the determined results were also investigated. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits for Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Mo were 0.016, 0.011, 0.010, 0.007, 0.005, 0.006 and 0.003 ng ml⁻¹, respectively, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 3.3% (Nb) to 9.6% (Hf) ( C = 0.20 ng ml⁻¹, n = 9). In order to validate the method, the proposed method was applied to the analysis of three certified reference materials (soils GBW07401 and GBW07425; sediment GBW07301a) and the results obtained were in good agreement with the reference values. The method was also successfully applied to the analysis of real seawater samples with satisfactory results.     

《王文韶日记》记载的1867-1872年武汉和长沙地区梅雨特征

根据清代王文韶所著《王文韶日记》中湖北武汉和湖南长沙地区的夏季天气气候记录，重建了1867-1872年夏季武汉和长沙地区的降水序列，并确定其梅雨期的入梅和出梅时间。以此为依据，对上述年份梅雨进行分类，同时与地方志等历史文献进行对比，指出1867年与1872年是典型的梅雨年份，降水相对适中。1868年虽然划作空梅，但可能是非典型梅雨，降水适中或偏多。1869年则是丰梅，降水异常偏多。1870年为早梅雨，夏季降水相对适中。1871年梅雨期偏短，降水偏少，形成旱灾。由此发现，天气日记可以很好地用来复原历史时期梅雨等较长尺度的天气过程， 如对日记进行系统整理，则能更准确地分析梅雨带的年际-年代际的变化过程和区域差异。     

海上φ914.4 mm井槽弃井再利用实现单筒双井技术

调整井作为在原有井网基础上补充的一些零散井或成批成排的加密井,对于老油田挖潜、改善注采井网关系具有重要意义。但是海上油气开发平台设计面积有限,其中给井槽专用的区域面积也随之有限,最终导致井槽数量有限。一些后续的调整井经常遇到无剩余井槽可用的情况。S平台便存在这种问题,其中一个大尺寸井槽原先所钻老井,采用全井段封固固井,水泥返高至井口附近,再利用过程中需要先进行老井弃井,需要对φ3397和2245 mm双层套管切割、起出处理。以此为例,介绍了大尺寸井槽的弃井再利用技术。     

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层格架的建立

综合阜东斜坡区侏罗系钻测井及地震资料,将侏罗系划分为六套层序。层序边界识别标志包括不整合面、古生物化石突变面、底砾岩及冲刷面等标志。体系域划分的关键是确定首次湖泛面和最大湖泛面的位置。研究区侏罗系沉积时期存在较为明显的地形坡折带,因此能够确定首次湖泛面的位置,建立起具有地形坡折带的层序地层模型。研究了侏罗系层序形成的主要控制因素,即构造沉降、物质供应速率、气候和基准面升降等。     

镇旬铅锌矿田主要矿物的标型特征研究

闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、石英及重晶石镇旬铅锌矿田的主要矿物,不同世代的闪锌矿,其形态,颜色及矿物共生组合的差异,反映了形成条件的差异,主要矿物的化学成份。微量元素含量,反映了本区铅锌矿床与西成一凤太地区的喷流沉积改造型铅放床一样,即与国内岩浆热液型铅锌矿床有相似之处,更与典型的沉积改造型铅锌矿床类型。     

塔里木盆地西缘晚新生代岩石磁学特征及其对区域构造活动的响应

本文在前人研究基础上,选择中国西部塔里木盆地、南天山及西昆仑3个重要大地构造单元交界部位的塔里木盆地西北缘喀什凹陷地区,通过对乌恰黑孜苇剖面晚新生代巨厚陆相沉积物岩石磁学特征的分析,结合岩性、古水流和物源变化等的研究,揭示了晚新生代以来区域存在5次构造活动事件,它们分别发生于渐新世末—中新世初、中中新世初、晚中新世初、晚中新世末—上新世初和上新世末—更新世。其中渐新世末—中新世初和上新世末—更新世的构造活动是该区两次重大事件,并与青藏高原构造隆升有关,前者造成西昆仑和南天山强烈上升使塔里木盆地西缘喀什凹陷地区中断了与古地中海的连通进入了陆盆沉积环境演化阶段,后者进一步造成西昆仑和南天山强烈上升、帕米尔—天山之间地壳强烈缩短以及该区现今地貌格局的形成。     

某水电站库区堆积体边坡的成因机制分析及稳定性评价

针对我国西南水电工程建设中经常遇到的堆积体边坡问题,结合现场踏勘在地表、平硐中看到的地质现象,以及钻孔岩芯资料,在分析区域地质环境、历史地震、降雨等条件的基础上,基于宏观工程地质定性分析和反分析的思想,对堆积体稳定性进行了评价,即目前其处于稳定状态。提出了堆积体边坡的成因机制:由于裂隙切割、风化作用等,上部倾向山里的基岩发生倾倒、崩塌破坏;破坏后的产物在重力作用下向坡体下部运动、堆积;由于持续的堆积,坡表雨水入渗以及地质环境的扰动,导致堆积体自后缘到前缘的推挤过程和由表及里的固结压密变形。由于堆积体边坡特殊的空间结构特征,采用定量方法对边坡在天然状态、蓄水状态以及蓄水遭遇暴雨和蓄水遭遇地震等工况下的整体、局部稳定性进行了计算评价,并分析了由空间结构特征决定的可能变形破坏模式:沿基-覆界面的整体滑动模式和堆积体内局部弧形滑动模式等两种。     

Variation characteristics of CO2 in a newly-excavated soil profile,Chinese Loess Plateau: Excavation-induced ancient soil organic carbon decomposition

Soils of the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP)contain substantial amounts of soil inorganic carbon(SIC),as well as recent and ancient soil organic carbon(SOC).With the advent of the Anthropocene,human perturbation,including excavation,has increased soil CO₂ emission from the huge loess carbon pool.This study aims to determine the potential of loess CO₂ emission induced by excavation.Soil CO₂ were continuously monitored for seven years on a newly-excavated profile in the central CLP and the stable C isotope compositions of soil CO₂ and SOC were used to identify their sources.The results showed that the soil CO₂ concentrations ranged from 830μL·L^-1 to 11190μL·L^-1 with an annually reducing trend after excavation,indicating that the human excavation can induce CO₂ production in loess profile.Theδ¹³ C of CO₂ ranged from–21.27‰to–19.22‰(mean:–20.11‰),with positive deviation from top to bottom.The range of δ¹³CSOC was–24.0‰to–21.1‰with an average of–23.1‰.Theδ¹³ C-CO₂ in this study has a positive relationship with the reversed CO₂ concentration,and it is calculated that 80.22%of the soil CO₂ in this profile is from the microbial decomposition of SOC and 19.78%from the degasification during carbonate precipitation.We conclude that the human excavation can significantly enhance the decomposition of the ancient OC in loess during the first two years after perturbation,producing and releasing soil CO₂ to atmosphere.     

云南兰坪富锶文石的发现及其研究

对发现于云南兰坪多金属矿床中的富锶文石进行了粉晶X光衍射、电子探针、显微硬度、折射率等测试，并通过电子探针成分和晶胞参数的变化分析，探讨了其晶胞参数变化的原因。在此基础上，对兰坪富锶文石的颜色成因进行了讨论，并对其作为宝玉石资源的利用优势及可能性进行了展望。