冀中坳陷深县凹陷主伸展期的构造调节带及其对沉积环境的控制作用

深县凹陷沙河街组发育的构造调节带控制着沉积体系的迁移路径和平面展布。根据断层的组合特点与断距变化,可将构造调节带分同向、对向、背向及单线4大类。同向和单线调节带主要发育在北部何庄-兵曹-崔家庄一带,规模小,数量多; 对向调节带发育在榆科地区和赵家庄地区,规模较大,分布稀疏。背向调节带极不发育。伸展作用的不均一性以及地层力学性质差异是形成调节带的主要因素。单线调节带控制小规模的沉积体穿过断层进入汇水盆地,如衡水断层下降盘中的水下扇; 同向调节带控制何庄-西魏村、田家庄、东阳乡等辫状河三角洲的入湖路径和展布特征; 对向调节带控制深湖的形成,如赵家庄一带的深湖; 而背向调节带造成的正地形起到了阻隔物源作用。     

安徽省桃冲铁矿地质特征、控矿因素及找矿方向

桃冲铁矿地处长江中下游多金属成矿带铜陵—繁昌铁铜矿区的东北部,为层状夕卡岩型铁矿。目前矿山的铁矿资源储量已所剩不多,在矿区寻找隐伏矿体以延长矿山服务年限已成为当务之急。文章在系统的野外观察和对前人研究资料综合整理的基础上,对桃冲铁矿的矿床地质特征和控矿因素进行了详细分析,并在此基础上探讨了桃冲矿床深部及外围的找矿潜力。分析结果表明,矿体和夕卡岩紧密共生,产于黄龙组灰岩与栖霞组灰岩之间,与地层接触界线截然;桃冲夕卡岩型铁矿是岩浆岩、地层和构造耦合的产物,其中岩浆岩为成矿提供了物源和热源,层间断裂为成矿流体提供了通道,栖霞组富泥质灰岩、五通组砂页岩和次级小褶曲为成矿提供了封闭条件和容矿空间;桃冲矿区和周边区域均具有较好的找矿远景,尤其是在栖霞组与黄龙组之间的层间断裂和S形次级褶曲(翼间角约为90°)共存的地段。     

泥石流重力拦挡坝稳定性验算方法探讨

在工程设计时,重力式泥石流拦挡坝稳定性验算多采用验算软件进行验算,但其验算理论方法及验算过程并不易掌握。为了能更好地掌握验算理论知识和步骤,根据《泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范》提出的重力式泥石流拦挡坝稳定性验算公式和坝体受力情况分析进行手动验算,并从工程实例出发,采用江西漂塘钨业有限公司漂塘矿区猪斗窝至漂塘河泥石流治理工程中某一处重力式拦挡坝,假定满库工况下陈述其演算方法和过程。该验算方法适用于重力式拦挡坝每种工况运行状态,但仅适用于泥石流物源以矿山废石等粗颗粒为主的物质。为推动防治泥石流工程设计方法和技术论证方法不断进步,为国家在矿山地质灾害防治工作中取得良好的成效,应大力推广该验算方法的运用。     

基于面向对象思想的正演反演统一框架结构

运用面向对象思想分析地球物理正演与反演问题,提出了一种基于有限单元正演与正则化非线性最小二乘反演的统一框架结构.该框架采用稀疏线性系统求解作为正演的基础类;分别建立一维、二维、三维的几何模型类,用于完成模型的剖分与有限单元钢度矩阵的生成,其中与单元物质属性相关的计算采用纯虚函数的形式,在具体解问题中实现;以正则化非线性最小二乘最优化算法作为反演基础类,反演中有关模型的正演数据计算及Fréchet矩阵求解等采用纯虚函数的形式,在具体问题中进行计算.框架结构的建立提高了代码的重用性与程序开发速度;对地质单元采用统一的空间剖分,有利于开展联合反演程序设计.     

Application of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Multi‐residue Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls,Organochlorine, and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Aqueous Sample

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME‐SFO) technique was successfully applied for simultaneous assay of eight polychlorinated biphenyls, two organochlorine, and four pyrethroid pesticides multi‐residue in aqueous samples by using GC‐electron capture detection. The effects of various parameters such as kind of extractant and dispersant and volume of them, extraction time, effect of salt addition, and pH were optimized. As a result, 5.0 µL 1‐dodecanol was chosen as extraction solvent, 600 µL methanol were used as dispersive solvent without salt addition, pH was adjusted to 7. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were ranged from 1.4 to 8.3 ng L^?1. Satisfactory linear range was observed from 5.0 to 2000 ng L^?1 with correlation coefficient better than 0.9909. Good precisions were also acquired with RSD better than 13.6% for all target analytes. The enrichment factors of the method were ranged from 786 to 1427. The method can be successfully applied to simultaneous separation and determination of three class residues in real water samples and good recoveries were obtained ranging from 76 to 130, 73 to 129, and 78 to 130% for tap water, lake water, and industrial waste water, respectively.     

阻尼对地下隧道结构动力响应的影响

用弹性地基梁来模拟地下隧道结构,推出考虑弯曲、轴力、剪切、内外阻尼以及在双参数地基模型上的振动方程。引用地下管道近似的位移计算方法,计算地下隧道结构,避免积分变换的繁琐,通过一种特殊的分离变量法,使得动力荷载以强加位移和速度的方式施加,实例计算中涉及内外阻尼项,可以方便地求出自振频率和阻尼比的表达式和考虑阻尼后结构位移衰减曲线,得出对于地下结构内阻尼的影响很小的结论。     

Performance of ground penetrating radar in root detection and its application in root diameter estimation under controlled conditions

A plant is stabilized by its root system. In congested urban cities such as Hong Kong, ground trenching is frequently seen due to the installation of utility lines along the roadside. Soil nailing, which involves soil coring in slopes, is a common solution to improve the slope stability. However, both activities inevitably pose a risk to the integrity of any root systems present, and thus reduce the root anchorage. To prevent or minimize such damage, a careful design of the excavation/drilling location is of prime importance. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) provides a non-destructive method for locating roots by examining the contrast between the dielectric properties of the roots and the surrounding soil. To examine the performance of GPR and promote its use in Hong Kong, a test bed was prepared using local materials to create a controlled environment in which to conduct a series of systematic tests evaluating the performance of a 900 MHz GPR. The reflected radargrams were subject to the influence of the following factors: size and depth of roots, horizontal distance between roots, and contrast between the root and soil water content. Correlations between root size and a number of waveform parameters were also explored. Limiting values for root size, root embedded depth, horizontal separation distance between roots, and water content contrast between root and soil were obtained. A significant correlation was found between the root diameter and time travel parameter T ₂ (p<0.001, r=0.795). Because GPR root detection is highly site-specific, this study provides a local reference for GPR performance in the Hong Kong environment. The findings demonstrate that the 900 MHz GPR is applicable in Hong Kong for the detection of main roots.     

基于离散裂隙网络模型的裂隙水渗流计算

离散裂隙网络模型(Discrete Fracture Network（DFN）)是研究裂隙水渗流最为有效的手段之一。文章根据裂隙几何参数和水力参数的统计分布,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟技术生成二维裂隙网络,基于图论无向图的邻接矩阵判断裂隙网络的连通,利用递归算法提取出裂隙网络的主干网或优势流路径。基于立方定律和渗流连续性方程,利用数值解析法建立了二维裂隙网络渗流模型,分析不同边界条件下裂隙网络中的流体流动。结果表明,该方法可以模拟区域宏观水力梯度和边界条件下,裂隙网络水力梯度方向总的流量,以及节点的水位、节点间的流量和流动方向的变化特征,为区域岩溶裂隙水渗流计算提供了一种实用、可行的方法。      

基于GIS空间数据的滑坡SPH粒子模型研究

针对光滑粒子流体动力学方法（SPH）在滑坡模拟中建立粒子模型的难题,提出了基于地理信息系统（GIS）栅格数据的粒子排列与插入方法。根据该方法,建立了滑坡SPH粒子模型及相关粒子生成程序,进一步以结合摩尔-库仑破坏准则的SPH宾汉流体模型为核心,实现了运用SPH方法模拟滑坡破坏后三维运动的过程。该SPH模型在对唐家山滑坡的模拟中得到了验证,并预测了金坪子滑坡破坏后的影响范围。结果表明：基于GIS空间数据的滑坡SPH粒子模型具有可行性与良好的适用性。以GIS数据库为基础,开展滑坡灾害的模拟研究,将大大提高对滑坡等地质灾害的仿真分析,为滑坡灾害的预测与防治提供参考。     

Impact of sea surface temperature front on stratus-sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas — a case study with implications for climatology

A stratus-sea fog event that occurred over the Yellow and East China Seas on 3 June 2011 is investigated using observa-tions and a numerical model, with a focus on the effects of background circulation and Sea Surface Temperature Front (SSTF) on the transition of stratus into sea fog. Southerly winds of a synoptic high-pressure circulation transport water vapor to the Yellow Sea, creating conditions favorable for sea fog/stratus formation. The subsidence from the high-pressure contributes to the temperature inversion at the top of the stratus. The SSTF forces a secondary circulation within the ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer), the sink-ing branch of which on the cold flank of SSTF helps lower the stratus layer further to reach the sea surface. The cooling effect over the cold sea surface counteracts the adiabatic warming induced by subsidence. The secondary circulation becomes weak and the fog patches are shrunk heavily with the smoothed SSTF. A conceptual model is proposed for the transition of stratus into sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas. Finally, the analyses suggest that sea fog frequency will probably decrease due to the weakened SSTF and the reduced subsidence of secondary circulation under global warming.