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71.
Natural and anthropogenic influences in the northeastern coast of the Nile delta,Egypt 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Landsat enhanced thematic mapper imagery (ETM) of 2002 and aerial photography of 1955, combined with published charts and
field observations were used to interpret coastal changes in the zone between Kitchener drain and Damietta spit in the northeastern
Nile delta, previously recognized as a vulnerable zone to the effects of any sea level rise resulting from global warming.
The interpretation resulted in recognition of several changes in nine identified geomorphological land types: beach and coastal
flat, coastal dunes, agricultural deltaic land, sabkhas, fish farms, Manzala lagoon, saltpans, marshes and urban centers.
Reclamation of vast areas of the coastal dunes and of Manzala lagoon added about 420 km2 to the agricultural deltaic land.
About 48 km2 of backshore flats, marshes, salt pans and Manzala lagoon have been converted to productive fish farms. The main
urban centers have expanded; nearly 12.1 km2 have been added to their areas, and new urban centers (Damietta harbor and the New Damietta city) with total area reach of
~35.3 km2 have been constructed at the expense of vast areas of Manzala lagoon, coastal dunes, and backshore flats. As a consequence
of human activities, the size of Manzala lagoon has been reduced to more than 65%. Shoreline changes have been determined
from beach profile survey (1990–2000), and comparison of 1955 aerial photographs and ETM satellite image of 2002 reveal alongshore
patterns of erosion versus accretion. The short-term rate of shoreline retreat (1990–2000) has increased in the downdrift
side of Damietta harbor (≃14 m/year), whereas areas of accretion exist within the embayment of Gamasa and in the shadow of
Ras El Bar detached breakwaters system, with a maximum shoreline advance of ~15 m/year. A sandy spit, 12 km long, has developed
southeast of Damietta promontory. These erosion/accretion patterns denote the natural processes of wave-induced longshore
currents and sediment transport, in addition, the impact of man-made coastal protection structures. 相似文献
72.
Mahmoud Kh. El-Sayed 《Marine pollution bulletin》1982,13(3):85-88
Nordåsvatnet is a land-locked anoxic fjord along the west coast of Norway which is used as a natural recipient of untreated domestic sewage. The study of four core sediments collected from the heavily polluted basin of the fjord reflects the enrichment of surface sediments by Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and organic matter. This surface enrichment is entirely attributed to the anthropogenic input. 相似文献
73.
Sayed Mahmoud Ayman Abd-Elhamed Robert Jankowski 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(4):1021-1048
The present paper investigates the coupled effect of the supporting soil flexibility and pounding between neighbouring, insufficiently separated equal height buildings under earthquake excitation. Two adjacent three-storey structures, modelled as inelastic lumped mass systems with different structural characteristics, have been considered in the study. The models have been excited using a suit of ground motions with different peak ground accelerations and recorded at different soil types. A nonlinear viscoelastic pounding force model has been employed in order to effectively capture impact forces during collisions. Spring-dashpot elements have been incorporated to simulate the horizontal and rotational movements of the supporting soil. The results of the numerical simulations, in the form of the structural nonlinear responses as well as the time-histories of energy dissipated during pounding-involved vibrations, are presented in the paper. In addition, the variation in storeys peak responses and peak dissipated energies for different gap sizes are also shown and comparisons are made with the results obtained for colliding buildings with fixed-base supports. Observations regarding the incorporation of the soil-structure interaction and its effect on the responses obtained are discussed. The results of the study indicate that the soil-structure interaction significantly influences the pounding-involved responses of equal height buildings during earthquakes, especially the response of the lighter and more flexible structure. It has been found that the soil flexibility decreases storey peak displacements, peak impact forces and peak energies dissipated during vibrations, whereas it usually leads to the increases in the peak accelerations at each storey level. 相似文献
74.
On the development of a seismic source zonation model for seismic hazard assessment in western Saudi Arabia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hani M. Zahran Vladimir Sokolov M. John Roobol Ian C. F. Stewart Salah El-Hadidy Youssef Mahmoud El-Hadidy 《Journal of Seismology》2016,20(3):747-769
A new seismic source model has been developed for the western part of the Arabian Peninsula, which has experienced considerable earthquake activity in the historical past and in recent times. The data used for the model include an up-to-date seismic catalog, results of recent studies of Cenozoic faulting in the area, aeromagnetic anomaly and gravity maps, geological maps, and miscellaneous information on volcanic activity. The model includes 18 zones ranging along the Red Sea and the Arabian Peninsula from the Gulf of Aqaba and the Dead Sea in the north to the Gulf of Aden in the south. The seismic source model developed in this study may be considered as one of the basic branches in a logic tree approach for seismic hazard assessment in Saudi Arabia and adjacent territories. 相似文献
75.
Electrode polarization is a major problem in the determination of dielectric properties of samples, particularly at low frequencies.
Understanding of these interfacial phenomena is essential in order to measure correctly the electrical properties of a sample
of interest. This paper presents a comparative study of the effect of electrode contact impedance on A.C. electrical properties
of a partially and fully saturated hematitic sandstone sample. The electrical properties of the sample were first measured
using stainless steel electrodes with high contact impedance, and measured again with a four terminal Cu–CuSO4 electrode of low contact impedance. Complex impedance measurements at room temperature (~16°C) were performed in the frequency
range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. Measured electrical spectra vary strongly with the electrode type. The difference in the electrical
properties between the two electrode types (stainless steel and Cu–CuSO4) may be attributed to the surface contact impedance between the sample and the electrode. Experimental data indicate that
the electrical properties vary strongly with water saturation. The dielectric constant decreases with frequency and increases
with saturation up to a certain saturation limit then decreases. Charge transport can occur either through the bulk of the
solid matrix (hematite or sand) or along the grain boundaries of aggregates (water). When soil minerals are exposed to water,
exchangeable ions go into solution. Most of the ionic or covalent bonded rock forming minerals such as quartz, mica, and feldspars
are nonconductors. When the surfaces of these minerals come into contact with liquid water, electrolytes are formed and ionic
drift associated with the electrical field causes electrical conduction. The anomalous dielectric properties of partially
saturated rocks can be interpreted using percolation theory. This theory predicts that when the conductive fraction (water)
increases, clustering of conductive inclusions develops, and the thickness of insulating gaps between conductive clusters
decreases, causing a large increment in the capacitance of the sample. Further increases in the conductive component causes
the shunting of insulating capacitive gaps. 相似文献
76.
Sh. Hosseini Hashemi Mahmoud Karimi H. Rokni Damavandi Taher 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(2-3):174-185
In this study Free vibration analysis of vertical rectangular Mindlin plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation and fully or partially in contact with fluid on their one side is investigated for different combinations of boundary conditions. The plate is assumed to be one of vertical rectangular walls of a container in contact with fluid. In order to analyze the interaction of the Mindlin plate with the elastic foundation and fluid system, three displacement components of the plate are expressed in the Ritz method by adopting a set of static Timoshenko beam functions satisfying geometric boundary conditions in a Cartesian co-ordinate system. The method of separation of variables and the method of Fourier series expansion is used to model fluid and to obtain the exact expression of the motion of fluid in the form of integral equations. The fluid domain is finite in depth and width but infinite in the length direction. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present solution, convergence study is first carried out and then a few comparison studies are carried out with the available data in the literature. Finally, natural frequencies of rectangular plates are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, foundation parameters, aspect ratios, thickness to width ratios and boundary conditions. 相似文献
77.
We present the physical parameters of three short period close binaries using data observed from the Kepler Space Telescope. All of these observations were taken in a single bandpass(which approximates the Johnson V-band). Our three systems are KIC 2715417, KIC 6050116 and KIC 6287172. The first system, KIC 2715417, is considered a semi-detached system with the secondary component filling its Roche lobe. The second system, KIC 6050116, is an overcontact system, while the third system, KIC 6287172, belongs to ellipsoidal variables as deduced from the Roche lobe geometry. For photometric analysis, we used the PHOEBE software package, which is based on the Wilson-Devinney code. Due to lack of spectroscopic data, the photometric mass ratios are determined from the analyses of light curves using the q-search method. The absolute parameters are determined using three different methods(Harmanec, Maceroni Van'tVeer and Gazeas Niarchos). 相似文献
78.
79.
Farouk M. Mahmoud 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,208(2):205-215
Sinusoidal variations in Johnson'sB-band of the flare star EV Lac have been confirmed at its quiet state luminosity. The cycle lengths are more than one hour and less than two hours with amplitudes varying from 0
.
m
105 to 0
.
m
306. These registered cycles have agreed with cycles detected by Mavridis and Varvoglis (1990) and Mavridis (1990). In the same time, the cycles have confirmed the light variation detection in Johnson'sV-band in the same flare star by Pettersen (1980) with a cyclic period equals about 4
.
d
378 and an amplitude of about 0
.
m
07. Our net results confirm, to some extent, the presence of active region(s) as an origin of stellar flare phenomenon of UV Ceti type flare stars. We can cautiously say that the solar and stellar flare phenomenon have a similar origin. 相似文献
80.
Sayed A. El-Wakil Essam M. Abulwafa Emad K. El-shewy Abeer A. Mahmoud 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,333(1):269-276
The time fractional KdV equation is derived for small but finite amplitude electron-acoustic solitary waves in plasma of cold
electron fluid with two different temperature isothermal ions. The effects of the time fractional parameter on the electrostatic
solitary structures are presented. It is shown that the effect of time fractional parameter can be used to modify the amplitude
of the electrostatic waves (viz. the amplitude, width and electric field) of the electron-acoustic solitary waves. The model
may provide a possible explanation for the low-frequency component of the broadband electrostatic noise in the plasma sheet
boundary layer of the Earth’s magnetotail where the electron beams are not present. 相似文献