HY-1C/D卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪几何定位方法

海洋一号C/D（HY-1C/D）卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪（Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner,COCTS）主要用于探测海洋水色、水温等要素,这些要素需要经过卫星资料处理才能获取,而几何定位是预处理的核心,直接影响这些要素的质量。COCTS具有114°视场角和四元逐点摆扫的特征,据此研究出一套完整的几何定位方法。从0级数据中提取卫星星历,利用插值法从中获取采样时间对应的卫星位置和速度,进而得到轨道（ORB）坐标系到地心旋转（ECR）坐标系的转换矩阵。基于四元逐点摆扫的特征,中心视矢量分别绕X轴、Y轴旋转相应角度,获得扫描行各采样点ORB视矢量,建立视矢量与地球交叉点关系模型,从而对根据波段数据绘制的遥感图像进行地理定位。本文使用插值法替代了传统需要6个轨道根数来计算卫星位置的复杂方法,同时直接计算ORB到ECR的转换矩阵,而不采用传统的两步转换方法。经过多组数据计算及定性定量验证,HY-1C/D COCTS几何定位结果一致;采样像元尺度效应导致从星下点到两侧边缘、从赤道到两极,误差逐渐增大,约在两个像元内。该方法满足一定的定位精度要求,可以用于COCTS的几何定位。     

拉斯曼丘陵新生代剥露作用的裂变径迹证据

在西南极和横贯南极山脉地区,新生代裂谷和剥露作用非常普遍。但是,文献中很少记录东南极地区的新生代剥露作用。文中根据东南极普里兹湾拉斯曼丘陵地质样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和热历史的模拟,认为在东南极海岸边缘存在新生代的隆升和伸展作用,其年龄为始于(49.8±12)Ma。该年龄略晚于西南极裂谷系的启动年龄(约60~50Ma)。由于差异隆升作用,在拉斯曼丘陵地区发育了更新的正断层作用——拉斯曼丘陵拆离断层的新活动,其年龄为约5.4Ma。东南极周缘新生代裂谷和伸展作用的普遍存在,是冈瓦纳裂解以来大陆分离和印度洋形成的结果。     

四川邛海湖泊沉积物记录的过去30 cal.ka B.P.以来的古气候环境特征

以我国西南地区邛海钻孔沉积物为研究对象,利用高分辨率粒度数据,结合正构烷烃指标特征,探讨了研究区30 cal.ka B.P.以来的植被演化和气候环境变化过程。研究表明,邛海沉积有机质主要来自于外源的高等陆生植物和内源的水生生物（低等菌藻类生物和挺水、沉水和漂浮植物）。沉积物粒度组成及正构烷烃代用指标变化特征表明,邛海地区过去30 cal.ka B.P.以来的气候环境变化过程大致分为4个阶段：1）29.1~23.0 cal.ka B.P.,沉积物中值粒径（Md）均值为22.4 μm,正构烷烃平均碳链长度（ACL值）和陆生植物正构烷烃相对输入量指标（Pwax值）呈高值,指示相对暖湿的气候条件,湖区以草本植物为主;2）23.0~19.0 cal.ka B.P.,沉积物中值粒径明显减小,均值为15.4 μm,同时ACL值、Pwax值为低值,指示温度较低,气候干燥,这一时期植被类型以木本植物为主;3）19.0~11.0 cal.ka B.P.,中值粒径减小,均值为10.4 μm,ACL值总体较低,Pwax值由高转低,研究区气候从由暖湿向冷干转变,木本植物扩张;4）自11.0 cal.ka B.P.以来沉积颗粒表现出"细-粗-细"的变化特点,中值粒径均值为11.5 μm,ACL值、Pwax值由低值先升高后降低,揭示这一时期邛海气候"冷干-暖湿-冷干"的变化过程,湖区经历了草本植物先扩张后收缩的过程。特别的是,邛海沉积物记录的23.0~19.0 cal.ka B.P.、12.8~11.7 cal.ka B.P.和9.0~5.0 cal.ka B.P.这3次典型气候时期,在时间和气候特征上与末次冰盛期（LGM）、新仙女木事件（YD）和全新世气候适宜期（HCO）相符,可能是对西南季风强度变化及地质历史时期典型气候事件的响应。     

建筑物高度对地闪回击电磁场影响的模拟

基于三维时域有限差分数值算法（3D-FDTD）建立了雷击高建筑物电磁场传播模型,研究了负地闪击中不同高度建筑物时回击垂直电场、角向磁场以及水平电场沿地表的传播规律。模拟结果表明:建筑物的高度对雷电电场峰值的影响显著,如当建筑物高度从100 m增加至600 m时,在距离d=100 m位置的垂直电场峰值减小了63%,水平电场正极性峰值的增加比例为84%、负极性峰值的绝对值增加比例高达130%;观测位置不变时,角向磁场峰值和水平电场正极性峰值均会随着建筑物高度的增加而增大;对于距离d=100 m,300 m时,垂直电场的峰值随着建筑物高度的增加而减小,而d=500 m时,垂直电场峰值随着建筑物高度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;此外,建筑物高度会影响垂直电场峰值对距离的敏感程度,建筑物越低（高）,相应的垂直电场峰值随着观测距离增大衰减越快（慢）。该文研究结果能够为现代化城市中高建筑物附近线缆、室外设备等的雷电防护方案设计提供参考。     

基于解释单元划分的多曲线联合确定地层原始沉积韵律

沉积韵律是控制厚层砂体内部水淹分布规律的主要控制因素。只有在同一口井内同一个沉积韵律内部各小层的电性特征才具有相对可比性,因此,也只有在同一口井同一个沉积韵律内部判断各小层水淹级别高低才更具有实际意义。以稳定泥岩隔层为划分标志,将测井曲线划分为与沉积韵律一一对应的解释单元。联合深（浅）电阻率曲线与密度测井曲线,以厚层砂体电阻率曲线的平均斜率倾斜角及密度曲线的相对重心为判别参数,利用计算机自动判别出每一个解释单元中所包含的原始沉积韵律类型。3口密闭取心井处理结果表明,本文方法可以有效地划分原始沉积韵律,与人工解释结果对比,符合率达到92.5%。     

Responses of carbon dioxide in western tropical Pacific to 1991~1993 ENSO event

On the basis of the data of the partial pressure of CO₂ (P_CO2)and the concentration of the total dissolved CO₂(T_CO2) in surface water during the expeditions in Nov.-Dec. 1991, the world ocean circulation experiment (WOCE) and Oct. 1992-Mar. 1993, the tropical ocean-global atmosphere coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment (TOGA COARE) in the western tropical Pacific and of the comparison with data from 1986 to 1990 TOGA expeditions and that from Japan Meteorological Agency, the response of CO₂ in surface water to ENSO event is proved. The CO₂ signals indicated that the air-sea system in the western and central tropical Pacific from 1991 to 1993, except for a short period in autumn of 1992, was in a strong state of ENSO.
The change of CO₂ in the floating stations near 2°S, 155°E from Nov. 1992 to Mar. 1993 reflected the change of currents, water mass and its thermal and salt content during the forming and developing of ENSO.     

Hybrid Sedimentation in Late Permian-Early Triassic in Western Sichuan Basin,China

Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan(四川) basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian(康滇) ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeis...     

Comparison of single- and dual-permeability models in simulating the unsaturated hydro-mechanical behavior in a rainfall-triggered landslide

Landslide-prone slopes in earthquake-affected areas commonly feature heterogeneity and high permeability due to the presence of cracks and fissures that were caused by ground shaking. Landslide reactivation in heterogeneous slope may be affected by preferential flow that was commonly occurred under heavy rainfall. Current hydro-mechanical models that are based on a single-permeability model consider soil as a homogeneous continuum, which, however, cannot explicitly represent the hydraulic properties of heterogeneous soil. The present study adopted a dual-permeability model, using two Darcy-Richards equations to simulate the infiltration processes in both matrix and preferential flow domains. The hydrological results were integrated with an infinite slope stability approach, attempting to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior. A coarse-textured unstable slope in an earthquake-affected area was chosen for conducting artificial rainfall experiment, and in the experiment slope, failure was triggered several times under heavy rainfall. The simulated hydro-mechanical results of both single- and dual-permeability model were compared with the measurements, including soil moisture content, pore water pressure, and slope stability conditions. Under high-intensity rainfall, the measured soil moisture and pore water pressure at 1-m depth showed faster hydrological response than its simulations, which can be regarded as a typical evidence of preferential flow. We found the dual-permeability model substantially improved the quantification of hydro-mechanical processes. Such improvement could assist in obtaining more reliable landslide-triggering predication. In the light of the implementation of a dual-permeability model for slope stability analysis, a more flexible and robust early warning system for shallow landslides hazard in coarse-textured slopes could be provided.     

气象短信编写技巧调研与研究

通过对气象短信编写技巧调研与研究,探讨了如何编写好气象短信,使其既抓住社会公众关注的热点天气问题,还要富有文采、贴近生活、具有新闻性。     

贺兰山构造带构造—地层层序及构造演化

贺兰山构造带及邻区形成演化经历有多期叠加改造和多个伸展—聚敛旋回构造运动,形成了区域内多套构造—地层层序,因此,开展贺兰山构造带构造—地层层序及构造演化研究对深入理解其地质结构和油气勘探有着重要的意义。本文旨在综合利用野外调查、地震数据和1：50 000区域地质资料,采用野外实地调查和地震剖面精细解析相结合的方法对研究区区域不整合面的分布特征和规律进行详尽分析研究,根据区域不整合面的发育特征,建立区域地层年代格架,划分构造—地层层序,进而对盆地演化阶段进行探讨。研究表明,研究区自下至上发育Pt₂Ch-Jx/Pt₁、∈₁/An∈、C₂/O、T/P、J_1-2/An J、K₁/An K₁、E₃q—N/AnE,据此将研究区垂向上划为7个构造—地层层序：基底构造层、中元古界构造层、震旦系—奥陶系构造层、石炭系—三叠系构造层、侏罗系构造层、下白垩统构造层、新生界构造层。贺兰山构造带构造演化经历中新元古代—早古生代陆缘盆地坳陷—裂谷演化阶段;晚古生代—中三叠世陆相盆地坳陷沉积阶段;晚三叠世局部伸展;中侏罗世—早白垩世大规模逆冲推覆阶段,普遍发育多条大型北东向逆冲断裂;始新世开始进入盆—岭构造形成阶段。