现行磷矿地质勘查规范存在问题研究探讨

对现行磷矿地质勘查规范中存在的一些问题进行了研究探讨。主要讨论了勘查类型划分、工程间距的确定、资源量估算、共伴生矿产工业指标等问题。勘查类型的划分应允许有过渡类型;对差异很大的多矿体矿床应针对不同矿体分别确定勘查类型;勘查类型的确定应实行量化指标;勘查工程间距应按不同成因的矿床确定差异标准。各勘查阶段对各类资源量应确定合理的量化比例,并与现行矿业管理政策相统一;对鄂西地区有自然分层的硅酸盐型磷矿床类型中的富矿层资源量估算应调整为按自然分层圈定;对高镁磷矿石一般工业指标应做出调整;对共伴生矿产应根据当前回收利用技术水平制定共伴生矿产回收利用的量化指标。     

蜀南地区飞仙关组高精度层序地层研究

针对四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层存在多种不同划分方案,以高精度层序地层学理论与方法为指导,以蜀南地区飞仙关组台地相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为研究对象,以野外露头剖面、岩芯、钻井、测井、地震等资料为基础,综合应用岩性突变面、沉积相转换面、沉积物空间堆积样式的变化、早期成岩变化、电测井曲线特征以及地震反射特征等标志,识别出不同级次的11个层序界面,据此将本区飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序(TSQ1和TSQ2)和10个四级层序,其中TSQ1可细分出6个四级层序,TSQ2可再分出4个四级层序,并将其与传统地层单位进行对比:三级层序TSQ1和TSQ2分别对应于飞一段+飞二段地层和飞三段+飞四段地层。通过层序地层对比和层序地层格架的建立,指出这些层序在全区均具有良好的可对比性和等时性,每个层序均具有快速海侵到缓慢海退的特点,均由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成,未发现低位体系域和凝缩段。层序与储层关系的研究表明,四级层序Ⅲ和Ⅷ是台内鲕滩这种有利储集相带的主要发育层位,所形成的滩相鲕粒灰岩储层与高位体系域的向上变浅序列和早期暴露及其所导致的大气淡水淋溶改造有关,平面上集中分布于中东部地区。     

四川盆地东部五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集规律探讨

奥陶—志留交替时期是地球历史时期中的关键时期,该时期华南地区沉积的五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩是现阶段我国页岩气勘探的重点层位,多套斑脱岩存在于黑色页岩内,指示该时期研究区经历过多期连续的火山活动.本文选取了四川盆地东部华地1井和武隆黄莺乡五峰组—龙马溪组剖面,以黑色页岩和斑脱岩为研究对象,通过野外考察、元素地球化学等分析...     

高校校园景观生态的空间格局分析

目前，高校的吸引力已不仅由师资力量决定，校园环境、合理的景观布局也成为招生的主要吸引源之一。校园景观在不同程度上影响了师生的活动与行为，构建一个风景优美、格局合理的校园非常重要。另外，随着高校的不断扩招，解决人地关系的矛盾，建设与人和谐的校园已成为各高校必须面对的问题。针对西南交通大学九里校区的生态景观实际，运用斑块、基质、廊道理论，对景观的空间格局进行分析，得出结论，并提出高校校园景观规划、建设的合理化建议。     

黔西北丁台地区下寒武统清虚洞组风暴沉积的发现及其意义

黔西北遵义丁台剖面下寒武统龙王庙阶清虚洞组的底部和中部发育两套具有不同沉积特征的风暴沉积,与同时期风暴沉积多发现于黔东湘西台缘区不同,研究在黔西北台地内部发现该时期风暴沉积。其底部风暴沉积段发育侵蚀底面、粗粒滞留沉积、丘-洼状交错层理、沙纹层理和泥晶灰岩背景沉积,共识别出三种类型的风暴沉积序列,其沉积特征指示其形成于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面之间的中缓坡环境,而中部风暴沉积段则发育粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层理、沙纹层理和具鸟眼构造的藻屑灰岩背景沉积,可识别出四种类型的风暴沉积序列,其沉积特征指示其形成于浪基面之上的浅水潮坪环境。本剖面上下两段形成于不同沉积背景的风暴沉积的发现不仅丰富了我们对风暴沉积的认识,更为重要的是为研究早寒武世龙王庙期扬子地台的古纬度及古板块演化、地层等时对比和古地理演化提供了极有价值的资料。     

层状煤岩介质的基本解

煤岩的水力压裂实际上就是半无限大分层均匀介质的断裂问题,要利用有限元法或边界元法模拟裂缝扩展,就必须找出半无限空间的基本解。本文从三维弹性力学最基本的平衡方程和本构关系出发,推导出状态传递微分方程。在求解状态传递微分方程时,对指数矩阵进行分解,避免了直接解法导致状态变量的发散。引入了半无限体的无穷边界条件,推导出半无限层表面的位移与应力关系式。根据状态传递方程,可得出层状煤岩任意点的应力和位移的值。此结果可直接退化到经典的半无限域经典的Mindlin解。     

Factors Driving the Expansion of Construction Land: A Panel Data Study of Districts and Counties in Ningbo City,China

This paper analyzes panel data from 2003-2012 to identify the factors driving the expansion of construction land in Ningbo city; it uses panel data, regional-level, and year-by-year regression models. The results indicate the following: (1) For each 1% increase in the size of the economy, urban population, and industrial structure adjustment coefficient, the amount of construction land increased by 0.35%, 0.52% and -1%, respectively. (2) The factors driving the expansion of urban construction land differed across regions. In more highly developed areas such as Yuyao, Cixi, Fenghua and the downtown area, population growth was the most obvious driving factor with coefficients of 4.880, 1.383, 3.036 and 0.583, respectively, in those areas. Here, the impact of industrial structure adjustment was lower than that of population growth (with coefficients of 1.235, 0.307, 0.145 and -0.242), while economic development was an increasingly insignificant factor (with coefficients of -0.302, 0.071, 0.037 and 0.297). On the other hand, economic development was the most important factor for the expansion of construction land in relatively less developed areas such as Xiangshan and Ninghai counties with coefficients of 0.413 and 0.195, respectively. Here, population growth (with coefficients of -0.538 and 0.132) and industrial structure adjustment (with coefficients of -0.097 and 0.067) were comparatively weaker driving factors. (3) The results of the year-by-year regression indicate the increased impact of economic development as a driving factor (from -1.531 in 2005 to 1.459 in 2012). The influence of the population growth factor slowly declined (from 1.249 in 2005 to 0.044 in 2012) and from 2009 on was less influential than the economic development factor. The industrial structure coefficient remained negative and its influence diminished from year to year (from -5.312 in 2004 to -0.589 in 2012).     

近1 ka以来河西地区的沙漠化及对高强度人类活动的响应分析

河西地区地处青藏高原区与西北干旱区过渡带,是当下推进"一带一路"伟大战略建设的重要通道。同时,该地区也是我国沙漠化最严重地区之一。通过对已发表的河西地区风沙堆积事件与历史时期战争、人口数量、降水变化进行综合对比研究,分析了该地区近1 ka以来沙漠化的主导因素。结果显示：（1）在最近1 ka以来,河西地区的沙漠化主要发生在0.91 ka、0.74 ka、0.68 ka、0.44 ka、0.32 ka、0.24 ka、0.18~0.12 ka和<0.1 ka时段。（2）0.91 ka、0.74 ka、0.68 ka、0.44 ka和0.24 ka时段的沙漠化敏感地响应了高强度的战争活动,0.32 ka时段的沙漠化是对区域低降水量的响应。（3）近200 a以来的沙漠化是对人口快速增长的响应。     

全球气候变化对地表水环境质量影响研究进展

全球气候变化对水文循环有着重要的影响,由气候变化所引起水资源量的时空分布和水质变化等问题已成为各国科学家和政府关注的热点。目前,气候变化对水资源的影响研究多集中于水量,而有关水质方面的影响研究相对较少。全球气候变化主要包括降水,气温,辐射和风速等气象因子的变化。本文综述了温度的升高、降水的增多或减少、风速和风型的变化、光照时间长短以及辐射增强等变化对地表水环境质量影响的研究进展;阐述了气候变化背景下,气象因子如何通过影响水体中污染物的来源、迁移转化方式、生化反应速率和生态效应等过程而直接或间接对地表水环境质量产生影响。并在对现有研究成果进行总结分析的基础上,从微观、中观和宏观的角度提出了气候变化对水环境质量影响的研究展望。     

National vulnerability to extreme climatic events: the cases of electricity disruption in China and Japan

Extreme climatic events are likely to adversely affect many countries throughout the world, but the degrees among countries may be different. China and Japan are the countries with high incidences of extreme weather/disaster, both facing with the urgent task of addressing climate change. This study seeks to quantitatively compare the impacts of extreme climatic events on socioeconomic systems (defined as vulnerability) of the two countries by simulating the consequences of hypothetical same degree of electricity disruption along with extreme events. To do that, two computable general equilibrium models are constructed, by using which three-stage scenarios are simulated for China and Japan, respectively. The results reveal that China and Japan have unequal socioeconomic vulnerabilities to extreme events. (1) Negative impact of the same degree of power outages is bigger on China’s socioeconomic system than on that of Japan, and this difference is more obvious in the very short-run scenario. (2) The decline of China’s GDP, total output, and employment levels is 2–3 times higher than that of Japan, while the difference of the resident welfare levels is sharper, which of China drops 3–5 times of Japan. (3) Structural factors are the main reason for vulnerability differences between China and Japan, including the differences of expenditure structure, factor input structure for production of life requirement sectors, material and energy dependence for the production of industrial sectors, and usage structure of services outputs. Based on these findings, some policy implications and recommendations for fairness issues on climate change adaptation are proposed.