石窟薄层顶板破坏的早期潜在原因分析

为了探讨导致某石窟4号硐顶板破坏的最初潜在原因,根据石窟变形破坏规律及结构边界条件,采用粘弹性薄板理论,给出了广义开尔文模型下岩层的粘弹性变形、应力解析解。为了在任意一时刻给出全域应力、位移的分布状态,提出了一种解析解全域逐点搜索法,将全域划分细密网格,用所建立的解析解计算每小区中点的应力及网格点位移值。通过分析计算,给出了石窟顶板随时间变化的位移场、变形规律及顶板可能产生受拉破坏的变化规律,其中,有两处的受拉区分界线与现在的破坏裂缝线基本吻合,说明石窟成形初期,因内能释放而产生的受拉区及其边界分界线是后来真正破坏的早期潜在不稳定源。这一结论对保护和维护石窟稳定性具有实际参考意义。实例表明,所建立的模型及分析方法是正确和合理的,方法及结论均具有通用性。     

岩溶地区桥墩桩基钢护筒变形加固处治技术

本文以大王山矿坑工程中桥墩桩基钢护筒变形事故为研究背景,通过理论分析与现场实际相结合,展开了岩溶地区桥墩桩基础钢护筒变形处治与力学分析研究,其主要研究结论如下：（1）桩钢护筒变形处理采用气切割钢护筒和千斤顶孔内校正变形法,并以内支撑、C30高流态混凝土填充、注浆加固辅佐;（2）型钢内撑采用80 mm×80 mm×2.5 mm矩形钢管,环向布置分为3个三角形,竖向设置间距以0.5 m为最优;（3）桩周预埋8根注浆小导管以及4根小导管向上倾斜插入溶洞内注浆,注浆加固效果明显;（4）气切割法逐层切割,每层切割高度50 cm,环向划分为3块进行切割,并用2 cm厚钢板弯制成2个半圆,焊接封闭成环。本项目研究内容可为类似工程提供理论和实践支持。     

基于亚太地区环境综合监测的陆地生态系统中水、热和二氧化碳的监测与模拟

The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite,as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water,heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region.     

2-D Current Field Numerical Simulation Integrating Yangtze Estuary with Hangzhou Bay

—In this paper,integrating the Yangtze Estuary with the Hangzhou Bay,a 2-D velocity fieldmodel is established.In the model,fine self-adaptive grids are employed to adapt to the complicated coast-al shape.The hydrodynamic equations satisfied by two contravariant components of velocity vector andsurface elevation in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates are used.In each momentum equation thecoefficients before the two partial derivatives of surface elevation with respect to variables of alternative di-rection coordinates have different orders of magnitude,i.e.,the derivative with the larger coefficient mayplay a more important role than that with the smaller one.With this advantage,the ADI scheme can beeasily employed.The hydrodynamic factors include tidal current,river runoff and wind-induced current.In terms of tidal current,seven main constituents in the area are considered in the open boundaries.Theverifications of surface elevation process and current velocity process in the spring tide and in the n     

瞬变电磁法资料的快速反演成像技术与软件

研究开发了 2种非常实用的瞬变电磁资料的快速反演成像技术,即基于薄板模型的S—反演算法和基于波场变换的拟波动方程偏移成像方法,并在Win98环境下,用VC ++开发出了可视化的集成处理软件包。通过对实际资料的处理,证明了该方法技术及软件的有效性和实用性。     

双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究

从双相横向各向同性介质弹性波波动方程出发 ,利用边界上的 4个连续性条件 ,计算双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射和透射系数 .计算表明 ,快纵波在双相横向各向同性介质分界面上 ,要产生反射快纵波、反射转换 qSV波、反射转换慢纵波和透射快纵波、透射转换qSV波、透射转换慢纵波 .反射转换慢纵波振幅和透射转换慢纵波振幅均较小 .频率、耗散和各向异性大小影响着快纵波反射系数的大小 .     

藏北鱼鳞山地区鱼鳞山组火山岩的特征及时代探讨

鱼鳞山组是青藏高原已知最新的火山岩石组合之一,属陆内裂谷型碱性火山岩,它反映了印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞后与板内造山相关的构造-岩浆作用,是青藏高原由挤压向伸展转换的标志,因而,进一步认识鱼鳞山组火山岩的特征并重新审视其时代具有重要意义。     

南丹大厂矿区人工爆破与天然地震的判定研究

利用南丹大厂矿区地震监测台网的数字波形记录资料,采用波形对比方法,分析大厂矿区人工爆破与天然地震波形特征。分析结果表明,爆破与地震在P波平均周期具有不同的特征,可为今后区分该大厂矿区爆破与天然地震提供判定判据。。     

Modeling soil erosion using a spatially distributed model in a karst catchment of northwest Guangxi,China

Reliable assessment of the spatial distribution of soil erosion is important for making land management decisions, but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in karst geo‐environments. The objective of this study was to modify a physically based, spatially distributed erosion model, the revised Morgan, Morgan and Finney (RMMF) model, to estimate the superficial (as opposed to subsurface creep) soil erosion rates and their spatial patterns in a 1022 ha karst catchment in northwest Guangxi, China. Model parameters were calculated using local data in a raster geographic information system (GIS) framework. The cumulative runoff on each grid cell, as an input to the RMMF model for erosion computations, was computed using a combined flow algorithm that allowed for flow into multiple cells with a transfer grid considering infiltration and runoff seepage to the subsurface. The predicted spatial distributions of soil erosion rates were analyzed relative to land uses and slope zones. Results showed that the simulated effective runoff and annual soil erosion rates of hillslopes agreed well with the field observations and previous quantified redistribution rates with caesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs). The estimated average effective runoff and annual erosion rate on hillslopes of the study catchment were 18 mm and 0.27 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1 during 2006–2007. Human disturbances played an important role in accelerating soil erosion rates with the average values ranged from 0.1 to 3.02 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1 for different land uses. The study indicated that the modified model was effective to predict superficial soil erosion rates in karst regions and the spatial distribution results could provide useful information for developing local soil and water conservation plans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Landscape form and millennial erosion rates in the San Gabriel Mountains,CA

It has been long hypothesized that topography, as well as climate and rock strength, exert first order controls on erosion rates. Here we use detrital cosmogenic ¹⁰Be from 50 basins, ranging in size from 1 to 150 km², to measure millennial erosion rates across the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California, where a strong E–W gradient in relief compared to weak variation in precipitation and lithology allow us to isolate the relationship between topographic form and erosion rate. Our erosion rates range from 35 to 1100 m/Ma, and generally agree with both decadal sediment fluxes and long term exhumation rates inferred from low temperature thermochronometry. Catchment-mean hillslope angle increases with erosion rate until ～ 300 m/Ma, at which point slopes become invariant with erosion rate. Although this sort of relation has been offered as support for non-linear models of soil transport, we use 1-D analytical hillslope profiles derived from existing soil transport laws to show that a model with soil flux linear in slope, but including a slope stability threshold, is indistinguishable from a non-linear law within the scatter of our data. Catchment-mean normalized channel steepness index increases monotonically, though non-linearly, with erosion rate throughout the San Gabriel Mountains, even where catchment-mean hillslope angles have reached a threshold. This non-linearity can be mostly accounted for by a stochastic threshold incision model, though additional factors likely contribute to the observed relationship between channel steepness and erosion rate. These findings substantiate the claim that the normalized channel steepness index is an important topographic metric in active ranges.