氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中的微量锗

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸混合酸溶解,磷酸提取,用原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中的微量锗,干扰少,灵敏度高。实验确定了介质最佳酸度,对干扰元素的允许量进行了试验。方法检出限为20.64 ng/g,测定范围为0.20~100μg/g。经全国不同地区7家实验室采用铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石国家标准物质验证,方法精密度好,准确度高。     

兴化湾污损生物群落结构及其时空格局

于2017年6月至2018年5月在兴化湾口东北面进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物12门94种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,主要表现为典型的亚热带内湾型群落。网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)是最主要的优势种和代表种,其平均附着密度和湿重分别可达23 394ind./m~2和8 494. 4 g/m~2。其它优势种还有刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)、叉节藻(Amphiroa sp.)、中胚花筒螅(Ectopleura crocea)、双列笔螅(Pennaria disticha)、细毛背鳞虫(Lepidonotus tenuisetosus)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、福建牡蛎(Magallana angulata)、三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus)、加尔板钩虾(Stenothoe gallensis)、长鳃麦杆虫(Caprella equilibra)、角突麦杆虫(Caprella scaura)、大室别藻苔虫(Biflustra grandicella)、史氏菊海鞘(Botryllus schlosseri)等。夏季为污损生物的附着旺季,其附着厚度、覆盖面积、附着密度和湿重分别为30. 5 mm、100%、25 175 ind./m~2、8 783. 6 g/m~2,其次分别为秋季、春季和冬季,下半年的附着强度明显高于上半年,附着强度的垂直分布差异并不明显,主要区别在于表层有部分藻类附着,而底层几乎没有藻类分布。     

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ultrasonicassistant extracted polyphenol-rich compounds from Sargassum muticum

Polypehnol is an important,potentially bioactive component of Sargassum muticum.In this study,ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenol-rich substances was performed using a 38%ethanol solution at a solid:liquid ratio of 1:30 at 68℃ for 32min,determined by single-factor and response surface methodology(RSM)optimization.The content of polyphenol was 5.66mg/g in the crude extract.Further extraction showed that the polyphenol mainly distributed in ethyl acetate(SKEE)and water phases(SKEW).The anti-oxidation test by electron spin resonance(ESR)spectrum showed that the SKEE had the strongest scavenging activity on DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)and alkyl radicals.SKEE was shown noncytotoxic but could inhibit the generation of cellular ROS,showing protective effects in H2O2 and AAPHinduced Vero cells and UV-B irradiated HaCaT cells.SKEE also signifi cantly inhibited the release of NO of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Therefore,the polyphenol-rich extracts in ethanol and ethyl acetate showed excellent anti-oxidant and anti-infl ammatory activities,which is beneficial to the development of high-value bio-substances.     

云南小江断裂东支活动性分析及工程场地稳定性评价

小江断裂延伸长、次生断裂交错分布多,使得区域内重大工程难以避免活动断裂带的影响,因此活动断裂的活动强弱以及场地稳定性是区域重大工程建设面临的主要工程稳定性问题。为了查清活动断裂对公路工程场地的影响,笔者等基于小江断裂地质构造背景,充分利用既有研究成果资料,重点研究区域构造环境和断裂特征,通过地质调绘、物理探测、年代学测试,结合对前人资料的系统梳理,计算分析了小江断裂中段东支活动速率,初步判定断裂活动程度;并综合考虑断裂活动性、地震烈度、岩体特性等因素,对工程场地稳定性进行分级。结果表明,小江断裂东支平均水平位移速率为6.6 mm/a,判定为强活动断裂,区域工程场地稳定性划分为极不稳定区;认为强烈活动性断裂两侧各10 km区域内对工程的影响最为严重,为公路工程场地选址和抗震设计提供了理论和数据支持。     

Hillslope response to tectonic forcing in threshold landscapes

Hillslopes are thought to poorly record tectonic signals in threshold landscapes. Numerous previous studies of steep landscapes suggest that large changes in long‐term erosion rate lead to little change in mean hillslope angle, measured at coarse resolution. New LiDAR‐derived topography data enables a finer examination of threshold hillslopes. Here we quantify hillslope response to tectonic forcing in a threshold landscape. To do so, we use an extensive cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (¹⁰Be)‐based dataset of catchment‐averaged erosion rates combined with a 500 km² LiDAR‐derived 1 m digital elevation model to exploit a gradient of tectonic forcing and topographic relief in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. We also calibrate a new method of quantifying rock exposure from LiDAR‐derived slope measurements using high‐resolution panoramic photographs. Two distinct trends in hillslope behavior emerge: below catchment‐mean slopes of 30°, modal slopes increase with mean slopes, slope distribution skewness decreases with increasing mean slope, and bedrock exposure is limited; above mean slopes of 30°, our rock exposure index increases strongly with mean slope, and the prevalence of angle‐of‐repose debris wedges keeps modal slopes near 37°, resulting in a positive relationship between slope distribution skewness and mean slope. We find that both mean slopes and rock exposure increase with erosion rate up to 1 mm/a, in contrast to previous work based on coarser topographic data. We also find that as erosion rates increase, the extent of the fluvial network decreases, while colluvial channels extend downstream, keeping the total drainage density similar across the range. Our results reveal important textural details lost in 10 or 30 m resolution digital elevation models of steep landscapes, and highlight the need for process‐based studies of threshold hillslopes and colluvial channels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Eco-compensation effects of the wetland recovery in Dongting Lake area

Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of programs of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers’ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people’s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.     

贵州省赤水市耕地富硒土壤地球化学特征

目前遥感影像的查询方式多是基于关键字的形式,基于拓扑的查询方式较基于关键字的查询方式具有空间几何不变的性质,在保障查询结果的查全率和查准率方面具有重要意义。本文研究了DE-9IM及其拓扑接口JTS拓扑套件(JTS Topology Suite,JTS),利用JTS提供的拓扑判断功能,基于Solr开源搜索引擎实现了基于对地观测的3交模型(Earth Observation 3 Intersection Model,EO-3IM)的拓扑查询功能。实验证明,JTS可很好地适用于EO-3IM。同时也证明了遥感影像拓扑查询的可执行性。     

闽北近岸海域晚更新世以来沉积地层特征及其演化

根据2015年青岛海洋地质研究所地质调查船在闽北近岸海域采集的3 500 km高分辨率的浅层地震剖面资料,结合所处海域水深35~40 m、长度90.2 m、穿过测线Z3和测线L9地震剖面的交叉处的一口地质岩芯ECS1601的分析,对闽北近岸海域晚更新世以来的沉积地层进行了精细的划分。研究结果表明:闽北近岸海域浅层地震剖面,可以识别出5个地震层序,自上而下分别为SU1(QT0-QT1)、SU2(QT1-QT2)、SU3(QT2-QT3)、SU4(QT3-QT4)、SU5(QT4-QT5);根据沉积特征和测年数据,地质岩芯ECS1601可以划为4个沉积地层单元,从上往下依次命名为DU1、DU3、DU4、DU5(DU5a、DU5b、DU5c)。将两者进行对比发现,SU1对应于DU1,SU3对应于DU3,SU4对应于DU4,SU5对应于DU5。综合分析地震剖面和地质浅钻,建立了闽北近岸海域的年代地层框架和沉积地层演化模式,探讨了研究区的沉积演化过程。     

木兰山蓝片岩中斜黝帘石—低铁绿帘石连生体的确定

电子探针和光学显微镜联合分析表明，木兰山蓝片岩中存在斜黝帘石－低铁绿帘石连生体。界面区Fe、Al元素的线扫描曲线研究表明，（Fe,Al)类质同象替代为连生体界面共晶膜的形成机制。木兰山蓝片岩中斜黝帘石－低铁绿帘石连生体的确定，说明电子探针和光学显微镜联合分析可有效确定光学性质和化学成分均相近的微细粒连生体的组成矿物，其结果对认识木兰山蓝片岩的变质演化具有指示意义。     

浅水湖泊洪水资源适度开发规模优选模型

在保障防洪与河湖生态安全的前提下,将汛期洪水尽可能多地蓄存起来以满足当前及未来一段时间的河道外用水需求,是浅水湖泊洪水资源利用所追求的目标。为综合考虑区域来水和需水不确定性、潜在储水空间和利用方式,合理确定洪水资源开发规模,采用模拟与优化相结合的方法,建立了浅水湖泊洪水资源适度开发规模优选模型,并将该模型应用于南四湖。研究结果表明：以滨湖反向调节利用方式为主的浅水湖泊洪水资源开发规模,受制于泵站启动水位、抽水能力和河道外蓄水空间的共同作用,但并不呈现线性关系,存在明显的阈值效应;南四湖洪水资源开发的适度规模为多年平均全年3.63亿m³、汛期1.56亿m³,开发条件是泵站启动水位为33.75 m、泵站抽水能力为48 m³/s、区域蓄水体容积为4.80亿m³。研究可为确定南四湖洪水资源利用规模提供依据,为类似流域提供借鉴和参考。