基于吸收边界条件的瞬变电磁法三维矢量有限元快速正演

瞬变电磁法的三维有限元正演通常采用齐次边界条件,为满足该边界条件,需要构建较大尺寸的模型,这降低了正演问题的求解速度.针对该问题,本文采用吸收边界条件代替齐次边界条件,以缩小模型体积,加快正演速度:首先,从时间域麦克斯韦方程组出发,推导了基于库伦规范的矢量势的微分控制方程,结合一阶吸收边界条件推导了相应的的弱形式方程;在此基础上采用一阶四面体矢量单元进行单元分析、Newmark法进行时间离散,实现了瞬变电磁法的快速三维正演.通过均匀半空间模型的解析解,H型地电断面的CR1Dmod解和相应模型有限元解的对比,验证了本文算法的正确性.均匀半空间模型分别采用吸收边界条件和齐次边界条件的正演结果对比表明:吸收边界条件确实可以提高三维正演的精度或者缩小模型尺寸、加快计算速度.     

65 m射电望远镜背架结构日照温度效应实验研究

借助精密工程测量手段,对65 m天线背架的日照温度效应进行了实验研究.在天线背架设计坐标系下分析实验数据,建立了日照温度变形模型,得出背架结构沿X方向变形系数为Kx=1.30×10-5,沿Z方向变形系数为Kz=-0.44×10-5,沿Y方向变形偏向太阳照射一侧.根据实验数据建立的背架变形模型,模拟分析了65 m天线背架日照温度变形对面形精度的影响,得出环境温度变化1℃带来的面形精度(均方根值rms)影响分量约为0.09 mm.实验结果为65 m天线主动面调节提供了很有价值的参考数据.     

基于模型融合的有限角度CT迭代重建方法

针对有限角度扫描的CT重建,提出一种基于模型融合的CT迭代重建方法。模型来源于患者的早期Dicom图像。对扫描角度有限的投影数据,用统计迭代算法进行初步重建,得到预重建图像;将预重建图像与模型进行融合,得到融合图像;然后再次投影,补全原始投影缺失的部分,根据补全的投影数据重建出中间结果,之后重复投影、融合、重建过程直到满足终止条件。仿真实验表明,该算法能完整重建整个目标,在有效保留原目标特征的同时提高了小角度投影数据重建的质量。     

长江三角洲区域政策变迁与跨国公司布局演变

跨国公司倾向于布局在交易成本和转形(生产)成本较小的区域.改革开放以来,中国实施的一系列区域政策减小了跨国公司的交易成本.通过对长江三角洲区域政策的梳理,分析了区域政策变迁与跨国公司布局的时空演变,发现跨国公司在长三角空间布局一直呈扩散趋势,具有和区域政策变迁同步的3 个阶段：① 初始阶段,跨国公司布局与区域政策关联较弱,集中在区域中心上海;② 集聚阶段,跨国公司在生产成本低、政策强度高的沪宁沿线城市集聚;③ 网络化阶段,跨国公司在生产成本低、政策强度高、早期集聚的区域形成区域性生产网络,并向长三角的边缘区扩散.不同阶段跨国公司布局机制存在差异,降低交易成本的区域政策的影响变得显著,区域的集聚效应、科技水平历来受到重视,而区域经济效率和劳动力成本、交通等传统要素成本对跨国公司布局的影响逐渐减弱.     

地质地貌因素对喀斯特石漠化的影响——以广西大化县为例

运用广西大化县的DEM、石漠化、地质数据,通过GIS叠加分析,探讨了地质地貌因素对石漠化分布的影响。结果表明：地貌区的石漠化发生率排序为高峰丛洼地区〉中峰丛洼地区〉峰林谷地区〉丘陵山地区。发生石漠化的4种碳酸盐岩中,发生率排序为连续性灰岩〉灰岩夹碎屑岩〉灰岩与白云岩混合组合〉灰岩与碎屑岩互层组合。碳酸盐岩含量较高的3种岩性在25°～45°坡地石漠化发生率最高,含量较低的岩性石漠化发生率高峰在35°～60°,同时发现所有岩性的石漠化发生率在3°～8°坡度区间存在小高峰,这与坡脚普遍的顺坡耕种有关。断层与石漠化关系密切,中度以上石漠化集中分布在断层周围1.5 km内。石漠化的发生是人为干扰、坡面侵蚀、岩石成土与溶蚀作用等综合作用的结果。在石漠化的防治中,应该综合考虑地貌发育、坡度、岩石碳酸盐含量、断层分布等多个因子的影响。     

Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon – insights from channel profiles,local incision rates,and modeling of lithologic controls

The Colorado River system in southern Utah and northern Arizona is continuing to adjust to the baselevel fall responsible for the carving of the Grand Canyon. Estimates of bedrock incision rates in this area vary widely, hinting at the transient state of the Colorado and its tributaries. In conjunction with these data, we use longitudinal profiles of the Colorado and tributaries between Marble Canyon and Cataract Canyon to investigate the incision history of the Colorado in this region. We find that almost all of the tributaries in this region steepen as they enter the Colorado River. The consistent presence of oversteepened reaches with similar elevation drops in the lower section of these channels, and their coincidence within a corridor of high local relief along the Colorado, suggest that the tributaries are steepening in response to an episode of increased incision rate on the mainstem. This analysis makes testable predictions about spatial variations in incision rates; these predictions are consistent with existing rate estimates and can be used to guide further studies. We also present cosmogenic nuclide data from the Henry Mountains of southern Utah. We measured in situ ¹⁰Be concentrations on four gravel‐covered strath surfaces elevated from 1 m to 110 m above Trachyte Creek. The surfaces yield exposure ages that range from approximately 2·5 ka to 267 ka and suggest incision rates that vary between 350 and 600 m/my. These incision rates are similar to other rates determined within the high‐relief corridor. Available data thus support the interpretation that tributaries of the Colorado River upstream of the Grand Canyon are responding to a recent pulse of rapid incision on the Colorado. Numerical modeling of detachment‐limited bedrock incision suggests that this incision pulse is likely related to the upstream‐dipping lithologic boundary at the northern edge of the Kaibab upwarp. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维波动方程参数反演的微分进化算法

利用微分进化算法进行二维波动方程参数反演的研究.微分进化算法属于全局最优化算法,具有鲁棒性强、收敛速度快、计算精度高的优点.把参数反演问题转化为非线性优化问题,通过保持在解空间不同区域中各个点的搜索,以最大的概率找到问题的全局最优解.同时还进行了数值模拟,结果令人满意.     

Complexities of landscape evolution during incision through layered stratigraphy with contrasts in rock strength

Variation in the erodibility of rock units has long been recognized as an important determinant of landscape evolution but has been little studied in landscape evolution models. We use a modified version of the Channel‐Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) model, which explicitly allows for variations in rock strength, to reveal and explore the remarkably rich, complex behavior induced by rock erodibility variations in even very simple geologic settings with invariant climate and tectonics. We study the importance of relative contrasts in erodibility between just two units, the order of these units (whether hard rocks overlie soft or soft rocks overlie hard) and the orientation of the contact between the two units. We emphasize the spatial and temporal evolution of erosion rates, which have important implications for basin analysis, detrital mineral records, and the interpretation of cosmogenic isotope concentrations in detrital samples. Results of the landscape evolution modeling indicate that the stratigraphic order of units in terms of erodibility, the gross orientation of the contact (i.e. dipping away or toward the outlet of the landscape) and the contact dip angle all have measurable effects on landscape evolution, including significant spatial and temporal variations in erosion rates. Steady‐state denudation conditions are unlikely to develop in landscapes with significant contrasts in rock strength in horizontal to moderately tilted rock layers, at least at the scale of the entire landscape. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is no general relation between rock erodibility and erosion rates in natural settings. Although rock erodibility directly controls the erosion rate constant in our models, it is not uncommon for higher erosion rates to occur in the harder, less erodible rock. Indeed erosion rates may be either greater or less than the rock uplift rate (invariant in time and space in our models) in both hard and soft rocks, depending on the local geology, topography, and the pattern of landscape evolution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃气GIS地理网络模型构建技术研究

在分析城市燃气地理网络的特点、构成要素、各要素之间关系的基础上,将燃气地理网络抽象为物理网络、几何网络和逻辑网络三个层次。介绍了三个层次网络模型的特点与本质联系,提出了燃气网络构造的拓扑规则(边-边规则、边-结点规则等),给出了燃气网络构建的流程和实现框架。并以十堰市燃气GIS的网络模型为例,说明了燃气地理网络模型的构建技术与应用。     

梯度推移理论和GIS在北京城区住宅地价时空推移规律中的应用

将GIS技术与区域经济学中的梯度推移理论相结合,研究了北京城区住宅地价的时空推移规律。结果表明,北京市住宅地价具有很强的空间相关性,区域因素对地价的影响较大。该梯度推移趋势主要与土地供应、轨道交通的建设、奥运会的影响及城区功能的转变等因素相关。