胶东海阳所超镁铁岩中强亲铁元素的地球化学特征及其构造环境探讨

强亲铁元素与亲石元素具有不同的地球化学行为,因此能够从不同的角度为造山带中超镁铁岩的成因及演化提供重要信息。位于苏鲁造山带东北端的胶东海阳所超镁铁岩主要由橄榄岩和辉石岩组成,它们常以团块状赋存于花岗质片麻岩中。虽然前人对这些超镁铁岩已经开展大量岩石学研究,但关于其成因及构造属性仍存在较大争议。本文开展了海阳所超镁铁岩的全岩主微量元素、强亲铁元素及Re-Os同位素的分析工作,结果显示蛇纹石化橄榄岩具有较高的MgO和Fe₂O₃^T含量,较低的Al₂O₃、TiO₂和CaO含量,明显富集流体迁移元素（U、Pb）,亏损高场强元素（Zr、Hf）,强亲铁元素没有发生明显分异,但Ru显示正异常,表明海阳所蛇纹石化橄榄岩是经历了低-中等程度部分熔融及熔/流体交代作用影响的残余地幔橄榄岩。海阳所辉石岩的主量元素表现出明显的结晶分异特征,稀土元素较原始地幔富集,铂族元素（PGEs）含量较低且发生了明显的分异,表明辉石岩的地幔源区经历过高程度的部分熔融和硫化物的分离。海阳所蛇纹石化橄榄岩的Os同位素地球化学特征表现出大洋亲和性,与辉石岩不具有熔体-残留体的关系。由于该地区发育较深层次的韧性剪切带,蛇纹石化橄榄岩中的橄榄石与辉石表现出韧性变形的特征,同时有辉石岩侵入到橄榄岩的现象,表明该地区的蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩与辉石岩既不同时,也不同源,因此,暗示了该套岩石组合可能形成于大洋核杂岩（OCC）与洋脊型蛇绿岩（MOR）堆晶岩交互发育环境。

     

EH4连续电导率成像技术在矿产勘查中的应用——以内蒙古阿吉勒铜铅锌多金属矿床为例

阿吉勒矿区是新发现的以铜铅锌为主的多金属矿点.EH4连续电导率测量解析度高,可精确探测地下1000 m范围内地质体的形态、规模、产状和埋深等信息.通过在阿吉勒矿区的应用,很好地反映了矿区深部地质体的构造特征,发现了与矿（化）体有关的电性异常,在查明深部地质体特征和寻找隐伏矿体方面取得了良好的效果.     

顺层高边坡开挖松动区研究

开挖顺层岩石高边坡,往往需要进行预加固,因而合理确定坡体开挖松动区范围便成为核心问题。根据坡体开挖后的应力和位移状态,给出了开挖松动区的明确定义;结合重庆万州-梁平高速公路沿线各顺层高边坡失稳实例,对顺层高边坡开挖松动区进行了研究,简述了松动区的特点,分析了开挖松动区的影响因素。从岩体结构出发,以开挖深度和岩层倾角为主控元素,对顺层高边坡开挖松动区的长度进行了统计分析,结果表明：岩层倾角在15～30°的砂泥岩顺层高边坡最易产生开挖失稳,且松动区长度与开挖深度有关,二者比值较为集中地分布在2～5之间。     

Burridge-Knopoff模型下的斜坡失稳非线性分析

采用B-K模型（Burridge-Knopoff）对斜坡进行了分析。B-K模型考虑了外部加载、滑带介质内部作用、滑体质量、坡面摩擦等影响斜坡稳定的4个主要因素。对模型进行了两种简化,第一种简化是取 的情况,忽略 的影响,对应的是滑面比较“软弱”的斜坡,是从斜坡系统的本构方程以及形变能的角度考察的;第二种简化是直接从力学与运动学的角度简化的,取 的情况,忽略 的影响,对应的是滑面比较“坚固”斜坡。由B-K模型的一些性质,例如,确定性浑沌、自组织等能够为理解斜坡演化和斜坡失稳预测问题提供有用的线索。     

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.     

植物样品中无机元素分析的样品前处理方法和测定技术

植物样品中无机元素的分析测定在环境地球化学和生物地球化学的研究中起着重要作用。植物样品中元素含量一般较低,须选用科学合理的前处理技术和灵敏度高、精密度好、检出限低的测定方法。本文针对植物样品前处理方法和无机元素分析测定技术的研究进展、优势与不足进行评述。前处理方法主要根据样品和待测元素的性质进行选择:干法灰化所用试剂少、空白值低,但组织致密型的样品不易灰化完全、高温下易造成元素挥发损失;湿法消解样品消解较为完全,但试剂消耗大、空白值高、操作繁琐;微波消解可以防止部分易挥发元素损失,用酸量少、消解速度快,但称样量相对较小,不适于需要大称样量的样品分析。几乎所有针对元素分析的仪器分析技术都可以用于植物样品分析,主要根据仪器适用的元素、必要的干扰校正以及基体改进等方面进行选择:电感耦合等离子体质谱法可同时测定植物样品中40种以上的元素,高分辨质谱的检出限可达fg/mL;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法适用于某些植物样品中含量较高的P、K、Na等元素的测定;原子吸收光谱法可分析元素达70余种,是普及程度最高的仪器分析技术之一;原子荧光光谱法与氢化物发生技术的联用,在元素含量较低的植物样品分析中技术优势更加明显;新兴的激光诱导击穿光谱技术已被应用于植物样品分析,无需复杂的样品前处理,操作简单快速,可实现原位、在线、实时、多元素同时检测;其他选择性强、灵敏度高的分析技术,满足了一些特定元素不能用常规分析技术测定的需求。当前主流分析技术的样品前处理方法都存在着缺陷,固体进样技术将成为植物样品分析领域的发展方向之一。     

北京市铁矿资源特征及开发利用建议

从北京市铁矿资源的地质矿产特征,矿床类型及其分布情况,矿石类型及其利用情况以及资源储量特征出发,重点分析了北京市铁矿资源的基本情况,从而把北京市铁矿划分为3个矿集区：库西北、库东北、库南铁矿矿集区,并对目前北京市铁矿的开发利用情况进行了分析,指出库西北,库东北铁矿矿集区在确保区内矿山企业适度发展的前提下,宜限制开采,作为战略储备,库南铁矿矿集区可以适度发展。     

Soft‐sediment deformation structures in a Pleistocene glaciolacustrine delta and their implications for the recognition of subenvironments in delta deposits

The development of soft‐sediment deformation structures in clastic sediments is now reasonably well‐understood but their development in various deltaic subenvironments is not. A sedimentological analysis of a Pleistocene (ca 13·1 to 15 ¹⁰Be ka) Gilbert‐type glaciolacustine delta with gravity‐induced slides and slumps in the Mosty‐Danowo tunnel valley (north‐western Poland) provides more insight, because the various soft‐sediment deformation structures in these deposits were considered in the context of their specific deltaic subenvironment. The sediments show three main groups of soft‐sediment deformation structures in layers between undeformed sediments. The first group consists of deformed cross‐bedding (inclined, overturned, recumbent, complex and sheath folds), large‐scale folds (recumbent and sheath folds) and pillows forming plastic deformations. The second group comprises pillar structures (isolated and stress), clastic dykes with sand volcanoes and clastic megadykes as examples of water‐escape structures. The third group consists of faults (normal and reverse) and extensional fissures (small fissures and neptunian dykes). Some of the deformations developed shortly after deposition of the deformed sediment, other structures developed later. This development must be ascribed to hydroplastic movement in a quasi‐solid state, and due to fluidization and liquefaction of the rapidly deposited, water‐saturated deltaic sediments. The various types of deformations were triggered by: (i) a high sedimentation rate; (ii) erosion (by wave action or meltwater currents); and (iii) ice‐sheet loading and seasonal changes in the ablation rate. Analysis of these triggers, in combination with the deformational mechanisms, have resulted – on the basis of the spatial distribution of the various types of soft‐sediment deformation structures in the delta under study – in a model for the development of soft‐sediment deformation structures in the topsets, foresets and bottomsets of deltas. This analysis not only increases the understanding of the deformation processes in both modern and ancient deltaic settings but also helps to distinguish between the various subenvironments in ancient deltaic deposits.     

山东西直格庄金矿矿床地质特征及其找矿指示意义

本文在区域成矿地质背景的基础上,详细论述了西直格庄金矿的控矿断裂特征、矿体地质特征和矿石特征及矿物成分等,并划分出4个蚀变矿化阶段。通过矿化类型、矿物组合等研究确定西直格庄金矿成因类型属于交代—重熔岩浆期后中低温热液沿破碎带交代型金矿床。通过金矿床成矿规律的分析进一步提出地层、岩性、构造、围岩蚀变等方面是该金矿深部及外围的找矿标志及方向。     

新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘晚泥盆世法门期地层之划分

新疆准噶尔沙尔布尔提山及其附近地区是中国准噶尔-兴安地层区上泥盆统及下石炭统发育的代表地区,其中和布克河中游东岸（萨尔巴根德山地区）是过去受到广泛关注的和布克河组建组典型地区,但因构造改造强烈,导致和布克河组原剖面的描述出现多种问题,其层序及与洪古勒楞组的关系长期以来有着不同的意见。经过多年的野外工作,文中建立了萨尔巴根德山地区法门阶的层序,鉴于该地区的层序与布龙果尔剖面基本相似,认为取消和布克河组的名称,而代之统一使用洪古勒楞组是合理的。萨尔巴根德山地区的法门阶地层由洪古勒楞组及黑山头组（下部）组成,其中洪古勒楞组含弓石燕类等腕足动物及“Cyrtoclymenia”、Platyclymenia等菊石,自下而上可划分为5段（均为新名称）：(1)萨尔巴段以大套灰岩为特征;(2)龙口段以大套灰绿色砂岩、砾岩、粉砂岩为特征;(3)杜古尔段以泥质灰岩及泥灰岩为特征;(4) 乌兰段以紫红色疙瘩状砂质灰岩、紫红色及灰绿色硅质粉砂岩、硅质泥岩为特征;(5)查斯段以灰色钙质砂岩钙质粉砂岩至砂质灰岩为特征。上覆黑山头组（下部）以深灰色硅质粉砂岩、硅质泥岩、硅质岩、细砂岩、紫红色粉砂质、硅质泥页岩为特征,含腕足类Syringothyris Spirifer腕足动物群及Cymaclymenia等菊石,属泥盆系顶部层位。