饱和度-压力曲线法预测柴油在毛细带中形成的透镜体厚度

轻非水相液体（LNAPL）进入到地下环境中,首先在非饱和带进行垂向迁移,到达毛细带后在地下水面以上形成饱和透镜体。准确预测LNAPL渗漏在毛细带形成的透镜体厚度,对于LNAPL的去除及污染含水层的修复具有重要的指导意义。通过模拟实验测定了水-油两相吸湿及脱湿曲线,采用水-油饱和度-压力曲线拟合出了吸湿及脱湿进入压力。根据透镜体达到稳定状态时脱湿、吸湿压力水头之间的关系,建立了透镜体厚度的预测计算方法,并以中砂和粗砂为例,预测出实验条件下柴油在毛细带形成透镜体稳定时的厚度分别为4.61 cm和1.29 cm。通过室内模拟槽实验,测得柴油在中砂和粗砂中迁移时形成的透镜体厚度分别为5.30 cm和1.50 cm。预测与实验结果的相对误差分别为13.0%和14.0%。误差产生的主要原因为脱湿与吸湿曲线是在非干燥情况下测得,从而导致预测的透镜体厚度偏小。     

新疆巴楚和塔什库尔干地震台下方地壳结构研究

Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by the seismic station Bachu( hereafter referred to as station BCH) i n the Tarim Basin and the seismic station Taxkorgan(h ereafter referred to as station TAG) i n the west Kunlun Mountains for years,we applied the receiver function H-κ stacking method to study the crustal structure beneath stations BCH and TAG. The results showed that there are obvious differences in the crustal thickness beneath stations BCH and TAG,and the regional crustal thickness and terrain have a very good corresponding relationship. There are high crustal average V P/ V S values beneath the two stations. The crustal thickness is 44 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 849 beneath station BCH. There is a sharp discontinuity in the middle of the crust beneath station BCH at a depth of 21 km. There is a low average P wave velocity and low V P/ V S from the surface to the discontinuity beneath station BCH.The depth of the discontinuity is consistent with the lower interface of the focal depth from accurate location in the Jiashi earthquake source area adjacent to station BCH; and may be the crustal brittle-ductile conversion boundary. The crustal thickness is 69 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 847 beneath station TAG,a thicker crust and high V P/ V S may indicate that materials in the lower crustal are prone to plastic flow,which is responsible for the thickening of the crust.     

Wind-driven, double-gyre, ocean circulation in a reduced-gravity, 2.5-layer, lattice boltzmann model

A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes.     

固结不排水剪总应力强度指标的几点讨论

建立了偏离室内常规三轴压缩试验应力条件下的总应力强度指标和有效固结压力强度指标的理论公式;讨论了这两种强度指标的变化规律及其与室内常规CU试验指标的差异;简要地分析了直接将室内常规CU试验指标用于压缩与伸长土单元的强度计算、用于有效固结压力法确定抗剪强度和用于土压力与地基极限承载力计算时的偏差情况。     

中国北西部地区地浸砂岩型铀矿床的成矿条件与分布规律

中亚地区发现大量可地浸砂岩型铀矿床引起了我国的重视 ,目前正在积极开展此类型铀矿的找矿工作。我国北西部是寻找类似中亚地区层间氧化带后生地浸砂岩型铀矿床最理想的地区 ,本文在论述了区域大地构造特征、地壳演化与区域铀成矿带形成的基础上 ,着重阐明了区域中新生代盆地地浸砂岩型铀矿床形成的铀源条件、盆地类型与结构及富铀性对形成地浸砂岩型铀矿的影响 ;并以区内已有层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床为例 (伊犁盆地、二连盆地与测老庙盆地砂岩型铀矿床 ) ,论述了盆地砂岩型铀矿床形成的岩相古地理条件、水文地质与层间氧化带发育条件及对铀成矿的影响 ;并阐述了本区层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床的分布规律     

Multi‐Scale Qualitative Location: A Topology‐Based Model

Qualitative locations describe spatial objects by relating the spatial objects to a frame of reference (e.g. a regional partition in this study) with qualitative relations. Existing models only formalize spatial objects, frames of reference, and their relations at one scale, thus limiting their applicability in representing location changes of spatial objects across scales. A topology‐based, multi‐scale qualitative location model is proposed to represent the associations of multiple representations of the same objects with respect to the frames of reference at different levels. Multi‐scale regional partitions are first presented to be the frames of reference at multiple levels of scale. Multi‐scale locations are then formalized to relate multiple representations of the same objects to the multiple frames of reference by topological relations. Since spatial objects, frames of reference, and topological relations in qualitative locations are scale dependent, scale transformation approaches are presented to derive possible coarse locations from detailed locations by incorporating polygon merging, polygon‐to‐line and polygon‐to‐point operators.     

基于贝叶斯网络的地下水环境系统决策管理研究

应用贝叶斯网络解决地下水环境管理中具有不确定性的多目标决策问题,通过对决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式的调控,减少水中的硝酸盐含量,达到既能有效改善水环境又不至使农民经济利益受到损害的目标。通过分析具体的地下水环境管理系统中变量间的相互关系,构建描述变量间不确定性关系的贝叶斯网络模型,其中包括表示其依赖关系的有向无环图和表示其具体概率依赖程度的条件概率表。并在多个水环境管理目标均达到最优的前提下进行概率推理,得到决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式取不同值时目标变量的概率分布情况。最终确定出能使所有目标均达到最优的合理的水环境管理决策:(1)使用喷灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.03 kg/m2;(2)使用漫灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.02 kg/m2。     

新一代天气雷达轴角盒故障的分析处理

CINRAD/SA天气雷达在PPI扫描过程中天线来回摆动,导致雷达无规律出现方位扇形范围无回波,雷达不能正常发挥其有效作用。为查找故障原因,从新一代天气雷达伺服系统信号流程入手,结合雷达基数据分析软件,分析雷达天线运行轨迹,通过信号流程中关键点参数的测量和比较,发现问题出现在轴角编码盒方位环节,导致轴角盒串行方位轴角数据输出不连续,造成雷达无规律出现方位扇形范围无回波。通过对此类故障分析思路与处理经验的总结,对台站级雷达技术保障提供借鉴。     

粉喷桩处理软基的变形及固结测试分析

以广珠准高速铁路软土路堤试验粉喷桩处理段的变形及孔压测试数据为基础 ,对用粉喷桩处理深厚软土地基的沉降、基底横向差异沉降、边桩变形、孔压分布规律及固结进行了分析     

广西田阳县那赖旧石器遗址发现的石制品和玻璃陨石

对广西田阳县那赖旧石器遗址进行实地调查,在百色盆地右江第Ⅳ级阶地的网纹红土中发现了一件玻璃陨石和大量的旧石器（包括12件手斧）。玻璃陨石的特征表明其为原地埋藏,未经后期流水作用搬运。玻璃陨石和石器之间的关系进一步证实,百色盆地第Ⅳ级阶地中保存的玻璃陨石可以代表手斧的埋藏年代。那赖遗址的石制品组合与百色盆地其他遗址的类似。通过与世界上其他阿舍利手斧在形态上和技艺上对比表明,该遗址手斧代表了早中更新世之交东亚的阿舍利技术特点。