地面气象观测数据文件的全程质量控制

利用山西省1983年-2006年暴雨洪涝、干旱、冰雹、霜冻、连阴雨等气象灾害受灾面积资料和农作物产量资料,采用灰色关联分析方法,对山西省主要气象灾害对农业的危害大小进行了分析。结果表明,影响山西农作物产量最严重的4种气象灾害依次是干旱、暴雨洪涝、冰雹和霜冻。     

Adsorption and flocculation behaviors of polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDADMA) salts: Influence of counterion

Two modified polymer flocculants of PDADMA salts, PDADMA nitrate (PDADMAN) and PDADMA sulfate (PDADMAS), were prepared from the most widely used commercial product of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC). Solution properties such as conductivity and viscosity were investigated, showing that the conductivity follows the order of PDADMAS > PDADMAC > PDADMAN, while the reduced viscosity increases in the order of PDADMAS < PDADMAC < PDADMAN. The results indicate that, compared with PDADMAC, PDADMAN has a more cationic density and a more extended polymer chain, whereas PDADMAS exhibits a smaller coiled polymer size because of the stronger charge affinity of sulfate ion to the polycation of PDADMA. Flocculation experiments were performed on kaolin suspensions. It was found that PDADMAN is the most efficient in turbidity removal, while PDADMAS has wider optimum dosages, larger floc size and more rapid settling rate. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed for imaging the adsorption structures of the three polymers on the negatively charged mica surface. Remarkable differences in molecular conformation were observed. Compared with the pearl necklace-like aggregation of hemispheroids of PDADMAC polymer, PDADMAN takes a sponge-like thin layer structure and PDADMAS exhibits a uniform hemispherical structure.     

浅淡VPN虚拟专网技术及其应用

在计算机网络技术和信息科技对社会经济发展起着关键作用的今天,各类用户对网络服务及其应用的要求愈来愈高,一种成本更低、使用更灵活的虚拟专网(VPN)在这一市场环境中应运而生。本文简要介绍了VPN的原理、优势、结构及实现技术,并对构建VPN提出了指导方案。     

Simulated thermal alteration of sterols and keto—Alcohols in marine sediments of the Okinawa Trough

Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were obtained to determine the relative contribution from marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC—MS. A suite of C₂₆−C₂₉ stenols and stanols and C₃₀−C₃₂ keto—alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes for 16 hours at temperatures from 50°C to 200°C. The C₂₇ stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175°C, but the distribution of C₃₀−C₃₂ Keto—alcohols remained unaffected. At 200°C most of the sterols and Keto—alcohols were destroyed. Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China.     

COUPLING ANALYSES OF FRAGILE ECO-ENVIRONMENT IN THE WEST OF THE SONGNEN PLAIN

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｒａｇｉｌｅｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄａｓｔｈｅ“ｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ＂ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｗｏｏｒｍｏｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｆｍａｔｔｅｒｅｎｅｒｇｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎｅｘｔｅｎｄｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅＮＩＵ１９８９．ＴｈｅｆｒａｇｉｌｅｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｎｇｎｅｎＰｌａｉｎｉｓｓｉｔｕ-ａｔｅｄｏｎｓｕｃｈ…     

中国大陆M73/4地震活动的特点及趋势分析

利用发生在中国大陆地区M≥7 3/4浅源地震资料，得出1900年以来M≥7 3/4地震活动具有成组性和区域性的特点，认为2001年11月14日昆仑山8．1级地震的发生，标志着中国大陆地区M≥7 3/4地震第5个活动组的开始。未来1－6年在以8．1级地震为中心，半径500m－1000km内是发生M≥7 3/4地震的主要场的。通过对M≥7 3/4地震发生后3年7级地震活动研究，中国大陆未来3年内仍具有发生7级地震的可能。     

Derivation of scattering phase function from clear sky brightness distribution

Iteration procedure have been applied to obtain the scattering phase function from measurements of sky brightness on solar almucantar. The principle and calculating examples have been discussed.     

大气气溶胶吸收系数的测量

本文讨论了大气气溶胶吸收系数的测量,并介绍了我系根据毛玻璃屏积分法设计的测量系统。根据在北京中关村地区取样观测的结果,在采暖期,气溶胶吸收系数变化于10~(-3)—10~(-4)m~(-1)之间,而在非采暖期,其值约为10~(-4)m~(-1)量级。若利用当量碳的概念,则在采暖期当量碳浓度占气溶胶总浓度的50—60％,而在非采暖期,其比例为30—37％。     

光合有效量子通量密度的气侯学计算

讨论了光合有效辐射（ＰＡＲ）的两种计量系统，提出了利用太阳总辐射照度估算光合有效量子通量密度的气候学公式。根据国外对昼光的观测资料，得到了ＰＡＲ能量的量子转换系数，即太阳总辐射中，ＰＡＲ每１Ｊ的能量含有４．５５μｍｏｌ的量子。在气候学计算中，可利用这个值进行ＰＡＲ的能量和量子的换算。     

Preliminary Study on the Seismicity Trend of the Shanxi Seismic Belt

In this paper,according to the geological structure and the data on seismicity in the Shanxi seismic belt,the tectonic stress field of this belt is numerically imitated by using the finite element method,and by analyzing synthetically the characteristics of seismogeoiogical structure,seismicity and tectonic stress field,the trend of the coming macroseism in the Shanxi seismic belt can be roughly assessed.The main estimate is as follows.From 1993 to 2015,a strong earthquake with Ms=6.2±0.4 may occur in the Shanxi seismic belt,and there are 3 possible locations for earthquake occurrence,if we arrange according to the order of possibility of earthquake occurrence,the location of a coming earthquake would be(1)the region between Huoxian and Hongdong;(2)the region surrounded by Datong,Huairen,Yingxian and Hunyuan,and(3)the region surrounded by eastern Lingqiu to both ends of the Laiyuan fault.