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11.
A. D. Hiwarkar S. Singh V. C. Srivastava C. Thakur I. D. Mall S.-L. Lo 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(2):349-360
Indole is a highly recalcitrant aromatic heterocyclic organic compound consisting of a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring fused to a six-membered benzene ring. This study presents the results of the electro-chemical mineralization of indole in an aqueous solution using platinum-coated titanium (Pt/Ti) electrode. A central composite design was used to investigate the effect of four parameters namely initial pH (pHo), current density (j), conductivity (k) and treatment time (t) at 5 levels. Multiple responses namely chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (Y 1) and specific energy consumption (Y 2) were simultaneously maximized and minimized, respectively, by optimizing the parameters affecting the mineralization of indole by using the desirability function approach. At the operating conditions of pH 8.6, j = 161 A/m2, k = 6.7 mS/cm and t = 150 min, 83.8% COD removal with specific energy consumption of 36.3 kWh/kg of COD removed was observed. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of the indole solution were performed at the optimum condition of the treatment so as to report a plausible mechanism of indole degradation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of electrodes before and after treatment was performed for determining the changes on anode surface during the treatment. Thermal analysis of the solid residue (scum) obtained was also performed for exploring its disposal prospects. Present study shows that electro-chemical oxidation can be used for mineralization of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds such as indole. 相似文献
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Lucie Juřičková Jitka Horáčková Vojen Ložek Michal Horsák 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(4):932-946
Analyses of fossil mollusc successions have rarely been used to study the development of floodplain forests during the Holocene. The Oh?e River, located in a prehistorically settled chernozem area in the Czech Republic, is partly situated in Cretaceous marlstones, yielding sediments suitable for fossilization directly in floodplain deposits. We analysed five fossil mollusc successions situated in the lower stretch of the Oh?e River and compared the results with recent mollusc assemblages studied along the entire 256 km of the river. Fossil samples were composed mostly of open‐country species throughout the Holocene or the whole preserved succession. Only some samples also contained woodland assemblages, but these were always greatly impoverished, with a very low frequency of strictly woodland species. Although the natural‐looking appearance of the present‐day floodplain forests of the lower river stretch has resulted in its being declared a nature reserve, modern floodplain forest mollusc assemblages there are also impoverished. This reduction in the distribution of strictly woodland species compared with modern assemblages in the upper stretch of the river seems to be the result of an ancient human settlement and continuous disturbances of the floodplain forest development since the Neolithic. Thus, fully developed floodplain forest assemblages occur recently only in the upper non‐impacted stretch of the river. Based on the studied fossil successions we can conclude that the lower Oh?e River floodplain was probably a mosaic of open and disturbed forest habitats throughout the Holocene. This area is part of a central European landscape island, where forests probably never fully developed and open patches from the early Holocene continually developed into an agricultural landscape. 相似文献
14.
This paper describes a constitutive approach to model the behavior of rate‐dependent anisotropic structured clay. Rate‐sensitivity is modeled using overstress viscoplasticity. Clay structure is treated as a viscous phenomenon whereby the viscosity of the undisturbed structured clay is initially very high and the viscosity degrades or decreases with plastic straining until the intrinsic or residual viscosity is reached. A microstructure tensor approach is used to make the structured viscosity anisotropic; whereas, the intrinsic viscosity is assumed to be isotropic. The behavior of the constitutive model is compared with the measured response of two clays (Gloucester and St. Vallier clay) from Eastern Canada during triaxial compression tests on specimens trimmed at different orientations to the vertical. The comparisons show that the constitutive framework is able to describe the anisotropic and rate‐sensitive response of both clays. The response of the model is also examined for the more general case of anisotropic consolidated triaxial compression and extension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Gianluca Sampalmieri Annalisa Iadanza Paola Cipollari Domenico Cosentino Sergio Lo Mastro 《地学学报》2010,22(4):239-250
16.
A pilot plant study and a full scale plant study were conducted to determine the feasibility of using contact oxidation followed by activated carbon adsorption process in textile wastewater treatment, and to determine the effects of types of packing media in the contact oxidation tank and types of aeration process on the treatment performance. Results indicated that contact oxidation followed by activated carbon adsorption process was effective in removing organics and color from textile wastewaters. Types of packing media and types of aeration processes had little effect on the treatment performance. The pilot plant performance was found to perform slightly better than the performance of the full scale plant. 相似文献
17.
Low Energy Transfer to the Moon 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
W. S. Koon M. W. Lo J. E. Marsden S. D. Ross 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,81(1-2):63-73
In 1991, the Japanese Hiten mission used a low energy transfer with a ballistic capture at the Moon which required less Vthan a standard Hohmann transfer. In this paper, we apply the dynamical systems techniques developed in our earlier work to reproduce systematically a Hiten-like mission. We approximate the Sun–Earth–Moon-spacecraft 4-body system as two 3-body systems. Using the invariant manifold structures of the Lagrange points of the 3-body systems, we are able to construct low energy transfer trajectories from the Earth which execute ballistic capture at the Moon. The techniques used in the design and construction of this trajectory may be applied in many situations. 相似文献
18.
A. Lo Bascio 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1968,32(2):377-381
Tilt observations carried out at the Vesuvian Observatory by spirit levels and vertical pendulum till 1961, have allowed to point out motions of the volcanic edifice related to the volcanic activity. 相似文献
19.
Decoupling of the coupled poroelastic equations for quasistatic flow in deformable porous media containing two immiscible fluids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study of the poroelastic behavior of sedimentary materials containing two immiscible fluids in response to either applied stress or pore pressure change in a quasistatic limit, i.e., negligible second time-derivatives, is of great importance to many hydrogelogical problems, e.g., land subsidence caused by withdrawal of subsurface fluids. The poroelasticity models developed for analyzing these problems feature partial differential equations that are coupled in the terms describing viscous damping and strain field. To determine closed-form analytical solutions for induced volumetric strain (dilatation) of the solid framework and its interaction with fluid flows, the choice of normal coordinates whose transformation can be performed to decouple these poroelastic equations is highly desirable. In this paper, we show that normal coordinates for decoupling these equations are real-valued and equal to three different linear combinations of the dilatations of the solid and the fluids (or equivalently, three different linear combinations of two individual fluid pressures and solid dilatation). In contrast to fully saturated porous media, it is found that the viscous damping effect must be represented in normal coordinates in the presence of the second fluid. The resulting decoupled equations representing independent motional modes are a Laplace equation and two diffusion equations, which can be solved analytically under a variety of initial and boundary conditions. Thus, after inverse transformation of normal coordinates is performed, the closed-form analytical solutions for induced solid volumetric strain and excess pore fluid pressures can be obtained simultaneously from our decoupled partial differential equations. 相似文献
20.