The ground-state entanglement in the spin-XX chain with a magnetization current

The ground-state entanglement in a transverse spin-1/2 XX chain with a magnetization current is studied. By introducing a magnetization current to the system, a quantum phase transition to current-carrying phase may be presented with the variation of the driving field λ for the magnetic field h>1; and the ground-state entanglement arises simultaneously at the critical point of quantum phase transition. In our model, the introduction of magnetization current may result in more entanglement between any two nearest-neighbour spins.     

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin,Northwest China

In cold climates, the process of freezing–thawing significantly affects the ground surface heat balance and water balance. To better understand the mechanism of evaporation from seasonally frozen soils, we performed field experiments at different water table depths on vegetated and bare ground in a semiarid region in China. Soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, precipitation, and water table depths were measured over a 5‐month period (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017). The evaporation, which was calculated by a mass balance method, was high in the periods of thawing and low in the periods of freezing. Increased water table depth in the freezing period led to high soil moisture in the upper soil layer, whereas lower initial groundwater levels during freezing–thawing decreased the cumulative evaporation. The extent of evaporation from the bare ground was the same in summer as in winter. These results indicate that a noteworthy amount of evaporation from the bare ground is present during freezing–thawing. Finally, the roots of Salix psammophila could increase the soil temperature. This study presents an insight into the joint effects of soil moisture, temperature, ground vegetation, and water table depths on the evaporation from seasonally frozen soils. Furthermore, it also has important implications for water management in seasonally frozen areas.     

Soil moisture dynamics under different land uses on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi,China

Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture are little known on karst hillslope with shallow soil in subtropical region. The objectives of this paper were (1) to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture at depth of 0–10 cm under different land uses; and (2) to understand the relationship between mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of moisture contents on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China. Soil moisture contents had a moderate variation (CV 17.5–30.3%) over an 8-month period and they had a significant difference among different land uses at the 0.01 level with a decreasing order: native scrubland > abandoned cropland and sloping cropland > economic forestland. There were higher mean and lower CV of moisture contents in rainy season than those in drought season. Mean and CV of moisture contents had a significant negative linear relationship except in abandoned cropland with higher soil and vegetation heterogeneity. This suggested that spatial variability of soil moisture within sampling sites would decrease when soils were wet and increase when soils were arid. Compared with rainy season, more soil samples may be needed and the interval for sampling should be shortened in drought season. Such information provided some insights to better understand the dynamics and variability of soil moisture at a larger scale in karst region of southwest China.     

临夏黄土记录的26万年来季风快速变化

黄土高原西部高分辨率黄土序列开展的多代用指标研究,有助于揭示轨道-亚轨道尺度上东亚冬、夏季风的变化特征及动力机制。但针对同一地质记录提取冬、夏季风多代用指标进行对比和敏感性分析的工作尚不多见,因此制约了对季风快速变化特征和机理的理解。本文利用甘肃临夏85 m黄土岩芯开展高分辨率的粒度、磁化率和元素扫描分析,发现在轨道尺度上粒度和Zr/Rb比值显示的大幅冰期-间冰期波动与深海氧同位素记录有很好的对应关系,表明东亚冬季风的波动响应于北半球高纬冰量的变化。但在千年尺度上,粒度能更敏感地响应冬季风的快速变化;Rb/Sr比值和磁化率均能很好记录轨道尺度上的东亚夏季风波动,但在亚轨道尺度上Rb/Sr的敏感性明显高于磁化率。粒度、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr所指示的东亚季风快速变化表现出较强的岁差信号,与石笋和北纬65°夏季太阳辐射有较好的对应关系,表明东亚季风变化也受到岁差直接驱动的夏季太阳辐射变的控制。在最后两个冰期-间冰期旋回中(即末期冰期旋回和倒数第二次冰期旋回)Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值和粒度记录分别可以辨别出与石笋相同数量级的变暖事件,但粒度记录的暖事件明显要多于Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值,且这些暖事件并不能一一对应。粒度及元素比值记录显著变冷的千年尺度的Heinrich(H)事件与石笋记录的夏季风明显减弱的事件有很好的对应关系,但其发生频率明显高于海洋记录。这些指标记录的千年尺度上波动信号的不一致性主要归因指标对不同气候要素敏感性的差异。未来需要进一步开展高分辨率多代用指标敏感性分析,选取对季风快速变化的敏感指标,有助于我们理解季风快速变化的特征(如周期和幅度等)和分析季风快速变化的时空差异性。     

轮南地区奥陶系原油特征及其控制因素

轮南地区油气相态分布非常复杂,奥陶系油气藏平面上具有西油东气的特点。西部轮古西油田、塔河油田和轮南1井区油族成熟度略低且有生物降解痕迹,主要以重油形式分布;东部地区油族成熟度略高,主要以轻质油、凝析油形式存在;中间地段桑塔木断垒带、中部平台区和轮南断垒带发生混合作用形成了中一高蜡油。各地区油气在垂向上变化很大,东部地区奥陶系和石炭系为凝析油气,三叠系又为正常油分布区;西部地区奥陶系为稠油,三叠系为正常油。轮南地区奥陶系在纵向上可能受控于岩溶和储层的发育程度,横向上受控于断裂作用。轮南地区油气成藏时间较早,不同物性的原油都是古油藏多期供油的结果。     

5′-硝基水杨基荧光酮与锆显色反应及其应用

在００８～０１０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下,Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）与５′＿硝基水杨基荧光酮（５′＿ＮＳＦ）发生显色反应,形成１∶４的桔红色络合物,λｍａｘ＝５４０ｎｍ,ε为１４６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）含量在０～０５ｍｇ／Ｌ符合比尔定律。方法用于氧化铝及陶瓷釉料中锆的测定,结果与ＩＣＰ＿ＡＥＳ法相符,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１３％～３７％。     

南极罗斯海沉积物中可培养菌株的分离及胞外水解酶活性检测

研究了南极罗斯海地区沉积物中可培养微生物多样性,并检测了菌株胞外酶活性,为开发利用南极资源奠定基础。采用Zobell2216E培养基、土豆培养基(PDA)及稀释平板划线法分离并获得纯培养的细菌和真菌,分别通过16SrDNA、18S/ITS序列鉴定分析了可培养微生物的多样性和系统发育。从南极罗斯海沉积物样品中获得78株细菌和54株真菌,细菌、真菌的优势菌株分别为嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、枝孢属(Cladosporium);78株细菌菌株中有2株与模式菌株的16SrDNA基因序列相似性小于97%,可能是潜在的细菌新物种。细菌API20NE生理生化和真菌产胞外酶活性结果表明,获得的细菌和真菌大多数可检测到胞外水解酶活性。本研究丰富了南极可培养微生物资源,为南极罗斯海地区可培养微生物的多样性研究以及南极微生物资源的应用研究奠定了基础。