全球变化背景下北方泥炭地释放溶解有机碳的驱动机制

泥炭地（peatland）是一类储碳效率很高的特殊陆地生态系统,其碳储量约占全球土壤碳库的近1／3,对全球碳循环有着举足轻重的作用。有证据表明在过去20余年,北半球大范围的天然水体中溶解有机碳的浓度呈显著增升趋势。普遍认为与全球变化背景下北方泥炭地大规模释放溶解有机碳有关,但其驱动机制尚不十分清楚。已经提出的具有代表性...     

多传感器观测下带乘性噪声系统的逆向滤波与反褶积融合算法

针对多传感器观测环境下带乘性噪声系统的逆向最优滤波与反褶积融合估计问题 ,本文提出了 1种基于极大似然准则的最优融合算法。该算法中各单传感器间并行计算 ,并且融合中心与单传感器处理中心间无反向通讯 ,因而执行效率较高。仿真表明 ,该融合算法产生的逆向滤波与反褶积比单传感器处理结果有较明显提高     

Effects of land use and cultivation time on soil organic and inorganic carbon storage in deep soils

The vertical distribution and exchange mechanisms of soil organic and inorganic carbon(SOC, SIC) play an important role in assessing carbon(C) cycling and budgets. However, the impact of land use through time for deep soil C(below 100 cm) is not well known. To investigate deep C storage under different land uses and evaluate how it changes with time, we collected soil samples to a depth of 500 cm in a soil profile in the Gutun watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP); and determined SOC, SIC, and bulk density. The magnitude of SOC stocks in the 0–500 cm depth range fell into the following ranking: shrubland(17.2 kg m~(-2)) grassland(16.3 kg m~(-2)) forestland(15.2 kg m~(-2)) cropland(14.1 kg m~(-2)) gully land(6.4 kg m~(-2)). The ranking for SIC stocks were: grassland(104.1 kg m~(-2)) forestland(96.2 kg m~(-2)) shrubland(90.6 kg m~(-2)) cropland(82.4 kg m~(-2)) gully land(50.3 kg m~(-2)). Respective SOC and SIC stocks were at least 1.6-and 2.1-fold higher within the 100–500 cm depth range, as compared to the 0–100 cm depth range. Overall SOC and SIC stocks decreased significantly from the 5 th to the 15 th year of cultivation in croplands, and generally increased up to the 70 th year. Both SOC and SIC stocks showed a turning point at 15 years cultivation, which should be considered when evaluating soil C sequestration. Estimates of C stocks greatly depends on soil sampling depth, and understanding the influences of land use and time will improve soil productivity and conservation in regions with deep soils.     

普光气藏长兴-飞仙关组碳酸盐岩C、O同位素、微量元素分析及古环境意义

以普光气藏普光2、6井为研究对象,取其长兴—飞仙关组116个白云岩样品,分析C、O同位素及微量元素特征,判断古海水盐度,并与沉积特征相结合,研究其沉积环境。分析得d13C与盐度Z呈正相关关系。普光2井飞仙关组一段、二段—飞仙关组三段,盐度及d13C、Sr、P、Ti、Mn值呈逐渐增大的趋势,沉积相经边缘浅滩—潮坪的演化进程。飞仙关组一段、二段时期,其d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值较低、d13C波动小,反映海平面变化不大,且遭到淡水的冲淋,导致盐度降低;飞仙关组三段时期,处于潮坪环境, 气候干燥炎热,淡水不断地被大量蒸发,其结果导致盐度增大,d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值增高,在此期间海平面变化较明显,造成d13C波动较大。碳同位素值在长兴组末期发生突降,其原因可能是在二叠纪末, 大量狭盐生物死亡而造成的。     

钦-杭成矿带东段村前含矿斑岩地球化学特征及其构造环境与成矿意义

村前铜多金属矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,为一具有矽卡岩型矿化和斑岩型矿化的铜多金属矿床,含矿岩体为燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩,岩石具有富硅、富铝、富碱的特点,属于偏铝-过铝质钙碱性花岗岩类。岩体具有从深部向浅部蚀变增强,大部分组分活动性不明显,而成矿元素Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag含量明显增加,Na2O、Sr含量降低,REE元素除Eu少量丢失外,其余均呈一致的迁入特征。岩体属Ⅰ型花岗质岩石,由具角闪石+石榴子石残留相的火成岩部分熔融形成的熔浆,混合或混染了地壳重熔型岩浆上侵就位而成。钦杭结合带东段,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动具有从176~150Ma的埃达克岩或具岛弧花岗岩特征的Ⅰ型花岗岩,至150~140Ma的S型花岗岩,向140~110Ma的A型花岗岩演化趋势,显示了地壳由厚减薄的过程,暗示其大地构造背景为岩石圈的伸展减薄环境,而形成于169.3±1.1Ma的村前斑岩体正处于伸展阶段早期。综合岩体成矿特征表明,钦杭成矿带东段及邻近地区,176~160Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的以Cu为主的多金属矿床;160~150Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Cu-Mo矿床与W-Sn矿床;150~140Ma主要形成与S型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,以及以Ag-Pb-Zn为主的多金属矿床;140~110Ma主要形成与A型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,少量与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Pb-Zn矿床。     

莱州湾海域郯庐断裂带活断层探测

利用浅地层剖面仪对郯庐断裂带莱州湾段进行了活断层探测,发现郯庐断裂带主干断裂在第四纪晚期以来具有明显的活动,继承了晚第三纪以来的主要构造活动特点,仍是这一区域的主导性构造. 西支KL3断裂由多条高角度正断裂组成,最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期,受到一系列错断晚更新世晚期沉积的北东或近东西向断裂的切割;东支龙口断裂由两段右阶斜列的次级断层组成,沿断裂带不但有明显的晚第四纪断错活动,而且还发育北北东向晚第四纪生长褶皱,表现出明显的晚更新世晚期至全新世活动特征. 在山东陆地区也发现了与龙口断裂相对应的安丘——莒县断裂,安丘段由一系列右阶斜列的次级断层组成. 从安丘向北至莱州湾凹陷,郯庐断裂带东支活断层构成了一条右旋单剪变形带,每一个次级活断层段相当于带内理论上次级压剪面,在第四纪晚期以来仍以右旋走滑活动为主要特征.      

黔西南州冰雹多普勒雷达回波特征分析

冰雹是一种中小尺度的天气现象,多发生在地形复杂的山区和丘陵地带。黔西南是典型的冰雹频繁发生的多灾地带,每年发生大小冰雹天气过程几十次,尤其是个别县的某些乡镇几乎在每一次的重大天气过程中都要遭受到冰雹的袭击,显示出冰雹天气发生过程中具有明显的区域性和局地性。因此,用多普勒雷达的观测资料来分析冰雹的发生、发展和消亡过程,得出可能降雹的区域和地点,可以提高临近预报的准确性和及时性,降低冰雹灾害性天气所带来的经济损失,是非常有用的。     

Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management

1 IntroductionEnvironmental decision support systems could be divided into two categories by their organizational form and system functions. One is regional environmental analytical system based on commercial GIS and assisted by environmental models, such as BASINS developed by the American NEPA using ARC/VIEW as its user platform and including QUAL2E and NPSM as its prediction tools. The other is environmental information and prediction system based on mathematical models, such as…     

南海东北部冷泉区沉积物中有机质来源的生物标志物分析与环境指示意义

Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized terrestrial(n-alkanes) and marine(brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios(TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter(TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-_(86)0-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings.Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea(MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-_(86)0-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index(MI) value(0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-_(86)0-22.However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower(0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX_(86) and U_(37)~(K′) temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX_(86)37 temperature estimates with lower values in Core ORI-_(86)0-22, but not significantly on TEX_(86) temperature estimates in Core MD052911.     

夏季珠江口外近海沉积物/水界面营养盐的交换通量

基于2002年夏季(7月)对珠江口外近海的生态环境调查,获取了该海域沉积物间隙水的营养盐剖面资料,估算了沉积物/水界面的营养盐交换通量,并且与实验测定的沉积物/水界面交换通量进行了对比。结果表明,沉积有机质在厌氧环境下降解大大提高了间隙水中的铵盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐含量,导致这些营养盐总体上从沉积物内部向沉积物/水界面转移。但在该界面附近,铵盐被不同程度地硝化,所形成的硝酸盐又被不同程度地反硝化;磷酸盐和硅酸盐交换通量则受到自生矿物沉淀与溶解、吸附与解吸作用的影响,因此营养盐的净交换通量是各种物理、化学和生物作用的综合结果。模拟实验研究显示,该海区NH4+、NO3-、NO2-、PO43-和SiO44-的沉积物/水界面交换通量分别为-0.197—1.93、-0.558—0.178、-0.064—-0.009、-0.079—0.126和-6.89—7.00 mmol.(m2.d)-1。根据营养盐剖面资料计算的交换通量不仅很小,交换通量方向也往往与实验结果不符。