Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800-900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin.     

土壤地球化学测量在辽宁省开原市小甸子银金多金属矿区的找矿效果

在勘查区内通过1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量工作发现多处异常,结合区内成矿地质条件及矿种属性可将异常划分为3个异常区带,即西部HT1、东部HT2、南部HT3。经地表探槽工程揭露部分异常与已知矿体较为吻合,并且在勘查区东部HT2-3异常带内新发现4条蚀变岩型Zn矿体。土壤地球化学测量在该区地质找矿中发挥了重要的指导作用,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像自动化分类

高分卫星遥感影像空间分辨率的提高,使得地物的光谱和纹理变得更加丰富和复杂,这给遥感影像的自动化分类带来严重挑战。因此,本文提出了一种结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像分类方法。首先,对研究区域进行多尺度分割,建立影像分割对象集;然后,采用词袋模型构建影像对象的语义特征向量;最后,充分考虑位于分类边界的不确定性样本分布,迭代选择最优样本用于训练支持向量机,用于分类遥感影像。为了验证本文方法的有效性和稳健性,以山东省某市的高分二号遥感影像为试验数据进行了试验分析。结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地将研究区域分为水体、地面、植被和建筑物四类,正确率达到90.6%以上。     

荷叶塘陨石岩矿特征及化学-岩石类型研究

荷叶塘陨石是1998年降落的一块普通球粒陨石。本文在对荷叶塘陨石的岩石学和矿物化学特征分析的基础上,划分了荷叶塘陨石的岩石类型和次级岩石类型。荷叶塘陨石橄榄石的Fa值在0.6-48.8之间,平均值为23.2,PMD为60.1%;低钙辉石的FS值在0.6-49.0之间,平均值为9.1,PMD为97.5%。结合橄榄石Fa值的PMD与次级岩石类型关系、橄榄石中的Cr含量、铁纹石中富Ni颗粒的数量密度等,综合判断荷叶塘陨石的化学-岩石类型为L3.3,由此表明该陨石是一块热变质程度非常低的L型非平衡普通球粒陨石。     

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闽东干旱概况及夏季人工增雨作业天气形势分析

对闽东干旱的成因和干旱的环流形势进行了探讨,着重分析了夏旱期间人工增雨作业的天气形势以及不同形势、不同云型下的降水情况。结果表明:闽东干旱的形成与大型环流形势、地理因素、土壤植被等有关,平均而言,沿海干旱明显多于内陆山区;夏季发生干旱的机率最大而且强度级别高,西太平洋副热带高压是致旱的主要天气系统;在夏季,台风型(T)、弱流场型(R)是进行人工增雨作业的优势天气型,Cb、Cu、Sc云是开展人工增雨作业比较适合的作业云。这些结果为夏旱期间开展人工增雨作业提供了理论依据。     

臭氧氧化分解污泥的试验研究

臭氧氧化能有效地分解污泥,为对臭氧氧化后污泥性质的变化进行系统的研究,本文采用接触反应柱对污泥在臭氧氧化过程中性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在臭氧投量为0．1gO3／gSS时,污泥中的溶解性COD浓度从256mg／L增加到2126mg／L,污泥沉降速度由初始的0．19cm／min增至1．43cm／min,滤饼的含水率由初始的76．6％降至70．6％。臭氧氧化后污泥絮体被分解,产生大量悬浮粒子,使污泥上清液的浊度和悬浮物浓度增加。臭氧氧化处理后污泥的过滤性能恶化。污泥比阻增大。     

塔河油田二区奥陶系优势储集体特征及控制因素

塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏储集体类型由缝洞型、高能微孔隙型、压溶孔缝型组成。通过岩心薄片观察并结合地震、测井、录井和试油等资料,查明了受次生溶蚀作用控制的岩溶缝洞型、受高能沉积相带控制的微孔隙型和受压溶作用及白云化作用控制的压溶孔缝型储层的特征和分布,并且识别出溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀缝、构造缝、粒内孔、粒间孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、晶内孔、缝合线和微裂缝10种储集空间。实际上,上述储集体主要为高能沉积相带形成的颗粒灰岩演化而成,这些颗粒灰岩经过埋藏压实和胶结等作用形成了以次生微孔隙为主的微孔隙型储集体,经过压溶和白云岩化作用形成了受成岩演化控制的压溶孔缝型储集体,在塔北奥陶系岩溶期形成了岩溶缝洞型储集体。塔河油田二区南部受沉积相展布和成岩作用影响,颗粒灰岩和云斑状灰岩发育;北部古隆起风化剥蚀作用较强,发育大型溶洞储层;东部斜坡带古河流发育,溶蚀缝洞储层多沿古河道分布;西部受深大断裂控制,溶蚀孔洞沿断裂垂向发育。     

Application of Grain Size Analysis to Study Sedimentary Environment of Sand Dune in the Vicinity of Tumen River

The dunes in estuary of Tumen River in China lie to the area between the Jiushaping and Fangchuan in the left bank of Tumen River (Fig.1). The dis-tance is about 15～20 km between the dunes and the coast. It ranges from China to D. P. R. Korea and Russia. The range of the height of dunes is about 15～20 m and the width is 100～200 m. By the re-connaissance, we protracted 9 section planes of the dunes and collected 40 sand samples of the dunes, and identified the sedimentary environment …     

Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation(16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one(0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18 S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation(0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one(0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18 S rDNA gene because of the su ciently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences(97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P. brevipalpa. This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from dif ferent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P. brevipalpa infestation on C. gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P. brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa. yessoensis brood stock from Japan.