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31.
The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brian Mapes Stefan Tulich Jialin Lin Paquita Zuidema 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2006,42(1-4):3
A cumulonimbus cloud may ascend and spawn its anvil cloud, precipitation, and downdrafts within an hour or so. This paper inquires why a similar progression of events (life cycle) is observed for tropical weather fluctuations with time scales of hours, days, and even weeks. Regressions using point data illustrate the characteristic unit of rain production: the mesoscale convective system (MCS), covering tens of kilometers and lasting several hours, with embedded convective rain cells. Meanwhile, averages over larger spatial areas indicate a self-similar progression from shallow to deep convection to stratiform anvils on many time scales.Synthetic data exercises indicate that simple superpositions of fixed-structure MCS life cycles (the Building Block hypothesis) cannot explain why longer period life cycles are similar. Rather, it appears that an MCS may be a small analogue or prototype of larger scale waves. Multiscale structure is hypothesized to occur via a Stretched Building Block conceptual model, in which the widths (durations) of zones of shallow, deep, and stratiform anvil clouds in MCSs are modulated by larger scale waves.Temperature (T) and humidity (q) data are examined and fed into an entraining plume model, in an attempt to elucidate their relative roles in these large-scale convection zone variations. T profile variations, with wavelengths shorter than troposphere depth, appear important for high-frequency ( 2–5-day period) convectively coupled waves, as density directly links convection (via buoyancy) and large-scale wave dynamics (via restoring force). Still, the associated q anomalies are several times greater than adiabatic, suggesting a strong amplification by shallow convective feedbacks. For lower frequency (intraseasonal) variability, q anomalies are considerably larger compared to T, and may be dominant. 相似文献
32.
本文利用数值模拟的诊断分析结果对出现在江苏地区冬季的一次强对流风暴的成因进行了研究,结果表明,在河套气旋缓慢东移过程中,冷锋前暖区较长时期的大雾天气及下湿上干的湿度分布为强风暴的产生准备了大气层结不稳定的条件,中尺度辐合流场对强风暴的产生起了触发作用。对流云的下沉辐散气流是雷暴向前传播的重要机制。 相似文献
33.
西北太平洋海区年际至十年际海面变化尺度耦合与波动转型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用多通道奇异谱分析(MSSA)等多尺度分析方法,对西北太平洋海区14个站位验潮序列的年际到十年际尺度海面波动的时空特征进行探讨.结果表明:2.5a周期和4.5a周期在振幅与相位上表现出与ENSO指数波动的尺度耦合,并存在显著的由低纬向高纬的振幅、能量递减的纬向传递特征.4.5a周期和8a周期与PDO变化同样表现出一定的尺度耦合波动,高纬各站位海面波动也表现出一定的自东向西的径向传递.在空间维上,PDO作用下的传播型波动的响应范围明显小于ENSO事件,反映了二者驱动机制的差异.该海区约在1973年和1998年左右发生过两次明显的海面波动转型,并与太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)存在一定关联. 相似文献
34.
A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of multi-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xudong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area. 相似文献
35.
断层气CO2测定新方法与张北—尚义6.2级地震预报 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
简要介绍了断层气CO2快速测定法的特点,分析了近7年来在怀来后赤窑断层气CO2观测点测得的9个4级以上地震的CO2前兆异常特征。张北-尚义地震前47天,断层气CO2出现突升异常,异常峰值是背景值的10倍左右,据此在震前12天对这次地震提出了较好的短临预报意见。 相似文献
36.
福建省水系沉积物微量元素含量特征及成矿远景预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据区域化探水系沉积物测量分析3万余件样品中40种元素含量,统计了32种微量元素的背景平均值,浓度克拉克值,总体变化系数等参数。在利用水系沉积物富集系数估计值对浓度克拉克值进行校正后,使用顺序号累加法对福建省32种元素内生成矿作用的规模进行预测排序,并分析了银,硼的资源潜力。 相似文献
37.
38.
进一步讨论了有关非线性不稳定的一些问题,其主要内容有: 1.考察了有代表性的三类发展方程,指出其对应的差分格式是否出现非线性计算不稳定,与原微分方程解的性质密切相关。 2.进一步讨论了带周期边条件的守恒型差分格式的非线性计算稳定性问题,总结了克服非线性不稳定的有效措施。 3.以非线性平流方程为例,着重分析了带非周期边条件的非守恒差分格式的非线性计算稳定性问题,给出了判别其计算稳定性的“综合分析判别法”。 相似文献
39.
40.
Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in
the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed
by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the
two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event
occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to
be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the
late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided
with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous
events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts
on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in
the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and
the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts
for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred
around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s.
The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China
were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow)
when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia. 相似文献