酸性环境干湿循环对泥质砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究

由于库水位升降及降雨等原因,岩体经常处于干湿交替状态,对岩体工程的长期稳定性不利。以三峡库区泥质砂岩为研究对象,进行了酸性环境干湿循环交替作用后的常规单轴与三轴压缩试验研究,获得了泥质砂岩在酸性溶液浸泡干湿循环后的相关力学参数。相对于没有经过干湿循环作用的干燥试件,经过不同次数的干湿循环作用后,泥质砂岩的弹性模量、单轴抗压强度、黏聚力与内摩擦角都有不同程度的降低。各个力学指标的总体变化趋势是在第一次饱水之后有大幅度的降低,此后随着干湿循环次数的增加其降低的幅度逐渐减小。同时,酸性溶液的pH值对力学指标的影响很大,存在对泥质砂岩力学性能影响较大的一个临界pH值,低于此值酸性溶液对泥质砂岩力学性能影响显著增大,高于此值酸性溶液对其力学性能影响较小。     

成都粘土地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示

提要：成都平原晚更新世成都粘土地球化学分析表明,不同剖面样品的化学组成具有较好的一致性,以SiO2（平均75.24%）、Al2O3（平均14.12%）、Fe2O3（平均5.81%）为主,地球化学特征与UCC基本相似。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土具有较高的TiO2/Al2O3、Zr/Al、Zr/Ti和Y/Al以及较低的Eu/Eu?鄢、LaN/SmN和LaN/YbN比值,这些特征与成都平原第四系深层土壤样品组成一致,表明成都粘土来源于当地,与北方黄土物源不同。成都粘土CIA平均值为78.59,高于北方黄土平均值（69.34）,经历了中期的K迁移阶段,在风化过程中Ca、Na、Mg和K是主要的活动性元素。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土Na、Mg、K和Ca亏损较大,表明经历了更强的化学风化。     

Effects of N:P ratio of Artemisia ordosica on growth influenced by soil calcium carbonate

Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO_3) has a strong solid phosphorus effect, and high content of CaCO_3 can significantly reduce the effectiveness of soil phosphorus. To reveal the limiting effect of soil CaCO_3 on the growth of plants on sand land and its mechanism of plant physiology, we performed pot experiments with a two-factor randomized block design and a three-factor orthogonal design for different soil CaCO_3 content treatments using Artemisia ordosica seedlings. In the experiments, we surveyed plant height, aboveground biomass, root length and root weight and analyzed N, P concentrations and RNA content of the seedlings, and discussed the relationships between relative growth rate(RGR) of the seedlings and N:P ratio as well as RNA. Results show that, the RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings decreased significantly with the increase of soil CaCO_3 content, and those for root length and root weight decreased. The RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings were significantly negatively correlated with leaf N:P ratios, but significantly positively correlated with leaf RNA content and leaf P concentrations. It can be seen that soil CaCO_3 is a stress factor for the growth of A. ordosica seedlings, and the growth response of the seedlings under the influence of soil CaCO_3 is in line with the Growth Rate Hypothesis.     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.     

安徽铜陵狮子山矿田铜、金共生与分离的热力学研究

狮子山矿田是安徽铜陵矿集区内最具代表性的大型铜金多金属矿田.矿田内铜、金矿床或矿体既各自独立产出,义相互共生或伴生,铜矿化和金矿化在时间上和空间上存在既共生又分离的现象.本文选择矿田内代表性铜矿床和金矿床开展系统的流体包裹体地球化学研究,并进行成矿流体中铜、金溶解度的热力学理论计算和1分析,探索铜、金共生与分离的机制和...     

甘肃龙首山碱交代型铀矿床绿泥石特征及意义

绿泥石化是龙首山铀矿床重要的蚀变类型之一。通过对龙首山碱交代型铀矿床的绿泥石等蚀变矿物进行的岩相学和电子探针成分分析研究,确定了龙首山地区绿泥石的化学类型主要为铁镁绿泥石,少数为蠕绿泥石。依据绿泥石成因或与共生矿物的关系,绿泥石可被划分为黑云母蚀变型、长石蚀变型、沥青铀矿共生型和副矿物共生型等4种类型。泥质岩是本区绿泥石的主要原岩类型,是多期次地质作用形成的产物。研究认为,龙首山地区碱交代型铀矿床的成矿过程可表述为矿前期在相对较高温度的热液流体作用下,黑云母发生绿泥石化蚀变,随后热液继续交代长石,形成长石蚀变型绿泥石,进而在成矿期热液温度相对较低的条件下形成与沥青铀矿紧密共生的绿泥石。绿泥石在铀成矿过程中不但活化了花岗岩里的铀,而且还给铀矿化供应了相对良好的积淀环境。     

极地冰钻关键技术研究进展

极地冰钻技术是获取冰芯,研究冰盖-冰架-海洋相互作用,以及获取极地冰下基岩与冰下水环境样品,开展冰下环境探测的重要手段。目前极地冰钻技术的难点与前沿主要包括深冰芯钻探、冰架热水钻、冰下基岩钻和冰下水环境采样与观测技术。本文针对以上4个极地冰钻关键技术,对国内外相关技术的研究进展与项目开展情况进行了总结与梳理。综合来看,虽然我国开展极地钻探技术研究起步较晚,但随着我国极地战略不断推进,我国的极地冰钻关键技术与装备的研究正持续向着赶超极地钻探强国方向迈进,这必将为我国的极地科学研究提供强有力的技术支撑。     

我国深海钻探重入钻孔技术优选及设计思路

深海钻探通常采用无隔水管开路钻进,当更换钻头或钻具,测井、处理孔内事故等情况时,需要起下钻后重新进入原钻孔,此过程称为重入钻孔。由于钻探船与海底孔口有数千米的水体相隔,受海浪和洋流作用,钻探船动荡不稳,钻杆柱摇摆不定,要想重新进入原钻孔并非易事。本文通过广泛调研,对海底基盘、声呐重入系统、水下电视重入系统及无人遥控潜水器（ROV）等目前几种常见的重入钻孔技术进行了详细介绍,对各种技术的优缺点进行了综合对比,优选了水下电视重入系统作为我国深海钻探重入钻孔技术方案,初步提出了技术设计思路,为样机研发和工艺制定奠定了基础。     

数值预报产品在2002年汛期暴雨预报中的应用

为了解数值预报产品在暴雨预报中的作用，总结了欧洲中心、华盛顿、日本及中央气象台天气在线网站德国数值预报模式的高空、地面形势预报产品和降水预报产品在湖南省2002年几次典型暴雨预报中的应用情况。结果表明：数值预报产品在2002年湖南省中短期暴雨预报中发挥了重要作用。     

Relationships between Interannual and Intraseasonal Variations of the Asian-Western Pacific Summer Monsoon Hindcasted by BCC_CSM1.1（m）

Using hindcasts of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model, the relationships between interannual variability （IAV） and intraseasonal variability （ISV） of the Asian-western Pacific summer monsoon are diagnosed. Predictions show reasonable skill with respect to some basic characteristics of the ISV and IAV of the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM） and the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）. However, the links between the seasonally averaged ISV （SAISV） and seasonal mean of ISM are overestimated by the model. This deficiency may be partially attributable to the overestimated frequency of long breaks and underestimated frequency of long active spells of ISV in normal ISM years, although the model is capable of capturing the impact of ISV on the seasonal mean by its shift in the probability of phases. Furthermore, the interannual relationships of seasonal mean, SAISV, and seasonally averaged long-wave variability （SALWV; i.e., the part with periods longer than the intraseasonal scale） of the WNPSM and ISM with SST and low-level circulation are examined. The observed seasonal mean, SAISV, and SALWV show similar correlation patterns with SST and atmospheric circulation, but with different details. However, the model presents these correlation distributions with unrealistically small differences among different scales, and it somewhat overestimates the teleconnection between monsoon and tropical central-eastern Pacific SST for the ISM, but underestimates it for the WNPSM, the latter of which is partially related to the too-rapid decrease in the impact of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation with forecast time in the model.