铝硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中Al的配位与局部结构

利用同步辐射的AlK边X射线吸收近进结构（XANES）谱研究了刚玉和铝硅酸盐矿物（蓝晶石,红柱石,夕线石和钠长石）中Al的配位与局部结构,证明该方法可以作为新的结构探针研究结构未知体系中Al的配位与局部结构。例如,Al的K边XANES谱证明在室温压条件,钠长石玻璃中的Al保持为四面体配位（AlIV）,局部结构与钠长石晶体中的Al相似;尽管硬玉晶体中的Al为八面体配位,但硬玉玻璃中的Al变为四面体配位（AlIV）。而在相同的高温压条件（4．4GPa,1575C）下制备的硬玉-钠长石玻璃系列中,压力引起四面体配位的Al变成五次（Alv）和六次配位（AlVl）,且五次和六次配位Al的比例随玻璃中硬玉含量的增加而增大。     

基于模糊数学综合评判的库岸稳定性分段——以新疆某水电站近坝库岸为例

从影响库岸稳定性的诸因素中筛选出六个主要因素：坡度、坡体形态、坡体完整性程度、库水面宽度、主风向与库岸夹角及坡体结构,根据其影响程度确定了它们的权重,将库岸稳定性分为良好、较好、较差和差四级。按照各个影响因素对斜坡和各级稳定性的影响不同,对各单因素进行离散化处理,得到各影响因素的隶属度矩阵。通过对各单因素矩阵与影响因素权重运算,得到各个单元分区的稳定性评价结果。运用该方法对新疆某水电站近坝库岸段20km的稳定性进行了评价,认为稳定性较差库岸段总长约4.1km,占20.3%,主要为地质灾害分布处及工程地质条件较差的地段。该综合评判成果与现场勘察及遥感解译结果较为一致。     

山旺盆地的成因及其地质意义

前人一般认为山旺盆地是一个深度不大的封闭性淡水剥蚀盆地。笔者认为它是一个火山口成因的封闭—半封闭盆地。盆地的发展经历了3个发展阶段:早期为火山喷发作用形成火山口,并造成火山碎屑物堆积:中期堆积了较厚层的沉积物,主要为粘土质岩石,如硅藻质页岩、泥岩,此外,还有少量的砂岩、砾岩;晚期为玄武岩充填,致使整个盆地完全封闭。在盆地发展过程中,早期为封闭环境,中、晚期为半封闭环境。火山碎屑物的再堆积和分解对于生物死亡和埋藏可能具有重要的意义;该区第三纪中心式火山作用非常强烈,通过详细的区域地质调查,有可能找到更多的化石产地和硅藻土矿。     

The Influence of Chlorine on the Determination of Combined Water: An Investigation of a Correction Procedure

Differential thermal analysis, pH determination and ion chromatography were used to investigate the interference of chlorine in the determination of combined water (H₂O⁺) by the Penfield tube gravimetric method. The magnitude of the chlorine interference was quantified and a correction method was proposed to obtain accurate results for H₂O⁺. The method was applied to the determination of H₂O⁺ in deep sea sediments containing chlorine and certified reference materials of oceanic polymetallic nodules.     

A New Method Searching for Concealed Mineral Resources: Geogas Prospecting Based on Nuclear Analysis and Accumulation Sampling

INTRODUCTIoNThemineralresourcescanbehardlyfoundontheexpo-sureornearthesurfacerecent1y.Itbecomesmoreandmoredifficulttosearchfordeep-seatedresourcesoflargeorsuper-largedeposits,orthedeeppartoftheoldmines.Traditionalmethodsinsomecasesarelesssuccessfulinthesearchformetalmineralresourceshundredsmetersbelow.ExplorationactiQnsmoreandmoredependoncomprehensivemethodsandtechniques-Geogasprospectinghasbeendevelopingasanewandnontraditionalmethodforthisquiteurgenttask.Studyofthegeogasprospectingbased…     

绵阳地区白垩系岩石风化过程的生态效应

论述了四川绵阳地区白垩系七曲寺组砂岩、泥岩风化过程的信息动态及其对森林植被的生态效应，为长江上游水土保持防护林提供开发信息。     

Palmer干旱指数与降水距平在陕西对比应用

利用陕西省96个气象站1971-2005年月平均气温、降水资料,计算各气象站35 a逐月帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)和降水距平百分率.对比分析表明:PDSI不是采用简单的时段平均,它考虑因子全面,除降水外,还考虑蒸散、气温等综合因素,并引入气候适宜值的概念,因此计算结果与实际基本吻合,能反映出干旱过程,具有更大的时空尺度.在夏季高温蒸发较大的地区,PDSI比降水距平百分率描述干旱强度更准确.     

多普勒雷达基本观测量直接同化对模式物理量场的影响

在GRAPES一3DVar雷达同化模块的基础上,建立了多普勒径向速度和基本反射率因子的直接同化观测算子,实现了雷达反射率因子和径向速度的直接同化,并对2007年7月3日的江淮梅雨进行了模拟试验。结果表明,多普勒径向速度的直接同化的主要影响表现在风场上,能够改善几乎整个三维风场分析,在雷达影响半径范围内,风场明显得到加强,影响当时天气的系统及其高低层配置被合理模拟,但对湿度场影响甚微。雨水混合比的直接同化的主要影响表现在湿度场上,改进了模式对湿度场的模拟,对降水的影响十分显著,有利于准确模拟降水的发展和维持,减小了Spin—up现象;其亦可使整个风场微弱增强,但影响甚微。     

The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in arid and semi-arid regions of China

Measurements of the broadband global solar radiation (R _S) and total ultraviolet radiation (the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2005 to 2010 at 9 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China. These data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV and UV/R _S and their dependence on the water vapor content and clearness index. The dependence of UV/R _S on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content was also investigated. In addition, a simple and efficient empirically model suited for all-weather conditions was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The annual average daily UV level in arid and semi-arid areas is 0.61 and 0.59 MJ m^?2 d^?1, respectively. The highest value (0.66?±?0.25 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at an arid area at Linze. The lowest value (0.53?±?0.22 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at a semi-arid area at Ansai. The highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May, whereas the lowest value was measured in December. The monthly variation of the UV/R _s ratio ranged from 0.41 in Aksu to 0.35 in Qira. The monthly mean value of UV/R _s gradually increased from November and then decreased in August. A small decreasing trend of UV/R _s was observed in the arid and semi-arid regions due to recently increasing amounts of fine aerosol. A simple and efficient empirically model suit for all-weather condition was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The slope a and intercept b of the regression line between the estimated and measured values were close to 1 and zero, respectively. The relative error between the estimated and measured values was less than 11.5%. Application of the model to data collected from different locations in this region also resulted in reasonable estimates of UV.