橄榄岩中尖晶石的氧同位素继承性与晶体结构转变

根据激光探针分析含尖晶石橄榄石中矿物的氧同位素组成,反应增量法计算矿物对氧同位素分馏曲线,得到正尖晶石－矿物对氧同位素温度高于含尖晶石橄榄岩的相平衡温度,而用反尖晶石－矿物的对计算的氧同位素温度则很接近含尖晶石橄榄岩的相平衡温度,较为合理,因此地幔橄榄岩中镁铝尖晶石的氧同位素组成继承了其母体反尖晶石特征,即与橄榄石,单斜辉石和斜方辉石平衡的是反结构尖晶石,在其发生相变作用变成正结构尖晶石时未发生氧     

PETROCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY EVIDENCES FOR THE WEATHERING PROCESS OF THE WEATHERING PITS ON ROCK SURFACES OF MOUNTAIN LAOSHAN,CHINA

2011年5月对崂山山顶风化坑进行考察和采样,通过对风化坑内碎屑和坑外岩石的粉晶X射线衍射矿物分析、X射线荧光光谱化学全量分析,研究了风化坑内外的矿物风化及各元素迁移特征,对风化坑的成因过程进行探讨.研究结果表明:1)崂山山顶风化坑碎屑的英长比总是大于其周边岩石的英长比,说明风化坑的形成是花岗岩造岩矿物差异风化的结果;2)风化坑风化过程中被风化的岩石矿物主要是条纹长石和钾长石;3)风化坑中大量的Mg和Ca主要是外部加入的;4)崂山山顶风化坑内碎屑,坑外岩石面均受到化学风化的作用;5)崂山山顶风化坑内外的风化指数CIA值并不反映崂山当地的气候,山上山下CIA值的差异是风化时间长短不同造成的;6)LOI能很好地反映崂山风化坑内外风化强度的差异,说明长石主要在水解作用下发生分解,也说明了风化坑的积水成因.     

长江源雀莫错-带上二叠统那益雄组火山岩特征及其构造环境

雀莫错一带那益雄组火山岩是由玄武岩组成的基性熔岩,岩石化学表现为低TiO2(<1％)和Al2O3,Na2O>K2O,属钙碱性系列。地球化学特征表现为轻稀土富集,Eu平坦或轻微负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Sr,Ba,K)和高强场元素Th,亏损高强场元素Nb和Ta,反映了岛弧构造环境。上二叠统那益雄组岛弧型火山岩的发现,说明长江源地区晚古生代有岛弧存在,且该岛弧应为晚古生代特提斯洋向东俯冲在中北段形成的多岛-弧盆系统的一部分。     

Ages of Lueliang Group and Its Metamorphism in Mt.Lueliang Region,Shanxi Province：Evidence form Single Grain Zircon U—Pb Dating

Presented in this paper are the newly obtained grain zircon U-Pb ages of volcanic rocks of the Lueliang Goup and associated Kuanping granitic migmatitic gneiss in Shanxi Province.The zircon U-Pb ages of bimodal volcanic rocks(basalt and rhyolite)of the Upper Lueliang Group indicate that the rocks erupted at about 2100 Ma.So the Lueliang Group was formed during the Early Proterozoic.In the area studied the second-stage metamorphism experienced by the Lueliang Group is the dominant one which took place at about 1806 Ma.i.e.,during the late Early Proterozoic.     

油藏数值模拟中地质模型的建模流程与方法

围绕油藏数值模拟过程中三维地质模型的建模技术进行了分析与探讨,详细介绍了基于角点网格模型的建模方法,给出了相应的实现步骤。其主要流程是:首先根据断层数据构造断层模型,在断层模型的基础上构建骨架模型;然后在骨架模型约束下采用地层恢复技术实现含断层的地层模型;最后基于结构模型插值物性参数完成属性模型。以塔河油田缝洞型油藏为例,对建模流程和技术的可行性进行验证,结果表明,其建模结果与专业地质建模软件Petrel相符。     

应用流体包裹体和自生伊利石测年重构鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏烃类充注史

中生界侏罗系是鄂尔多斯盆地重要的石油勘探与开发目的层之一,侏罗系油藏受前侏罗纪古地貌影响较为显著。本文通过流体包裹体特征分析、均一化温度测定和包裹体丰度（GOI）分析、定量颗粒荧光（QGF、QGF-E）研究以及储集层自生伊利石K-Ar定年等实验方法和手段的应用,对鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油气包裹体特征进行了精细描述及定量化分析研究,揭示了侏罗系油藏形成时间、充注过程及油气包裹体与油气运移、成藏的关系。研究结果表明：侏罗系油藏存在晚期充注,早期充注少或油藏遭受调整,早期生成的烃类现今仅以沥青的形式赋存,现今烃类流体主要为晚期成藏的产物。侏罗系石油大规模充注期为（108.3±2.0）~（116.5±2.0）Ma（早白垩世中期）,具有垂向运移聚集的特点。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏早期受岩性和构造双重控制,晚期构造活动调整了油气藏的形态及局部富集。侏罗系在晚期成藏过程中没有形成过叠合连片的大规模的油藏,只在局部构造上形成规模较小的“小而肥”的独立油藏。     

大庆油田北部河流相储层沉积微相与水淹特征

大庆油田北部发育砂质辫状河道、曲流河道、高弯度分流河道和低弯度分流河道等砂体类型。以井间可对比的单一河流沉积物为研究单元 ,从河流相储层成因特征入手 ,应用油田开发后期密井网资料开展各类河流砂体细分微相研究。重点阐述了各类砂体的规模、宽厚比、发育的主要微相、物性特征及层内非均质特点。应用不同时期密闭取心检查井资料、测井水淹解释、生产动态测试资料 ,结合不同砂体和微相的非均质特点研究了不同微相的水淹变化特征。研究结果表明 ,不同阶段各类砂体层内及平面水淹变化特征不同 ,高含水后期剩余油主要分布于河间薄层砂、部分决口水道和废弃河道微相中 ,低弯度分流河道砂体中剩余油相对发育     

浙江花岗岩类地球化学与地壳演化——Ⅱ.元古宙花岗岩类

浙江元古宙花岗岩类包括神功期（1．8－1．9Ga）和晋宁晚期（0．6—0．9Ga）。研究了浙江元古宙花岗岩类的主元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Rb、Sr同位素组成特征及岩石成因，探讨了浙江地壳的演化。浙江地壳形成于太古亩和元古宙，地壳增生的时期为2．6－2．7、0．8-1．1和0.1－0.12Ga。随时间演化浙江地壳组成有变化，但分异演化不明显。沿江-绍断裂分布的晋宁晚期慢源和壳幔混合中酸性岩是普宁期俯冲碰撞的证据。加里乐和印支期是两次规模不大的构造运动。     

含硫化物镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体中橄榄石Mg、Ni含量的制约:原理、模式及Voisey's Bay侵入体样品研究

镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆结晶分离早期形成镁铁矿物,镁铁矿物中的Ni和Mg是相容元素。随着结晶分离作用的进行,Ni、Mg在硅酸盐岩浆及后形成的硅酸盐物质中的丰度下降。橄榄石中Ni含量及硅酸盐物质MgO/FeO比值都与母岩浆的相关值相关,据此可推断母岩浆的信息,它们之间可由实验测得的系数相联系。当岩浆饱和硫化物时,在结晶分离过程中硫化物珠滴会与镁铁硅酸盐物质一道析出,同时,与硫化物非饱和岩浆相比,过多的Ni会随之析出。这也反映在Ni、Mg含量比无硫化物分离时有更迅速的降低上。Ni、Mg含量变化值可以在VoiseysBay侵入体的模式曲线上反映出,加拿大Labrador的这一侵入体赋存了一个世界级的Ni-Cu-Co硫化物矿床。过去的作法是将侵入体中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量与Simkin和Smith得出的各种火成岩中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量相比较以确定Ni亏损,进而假定橄榄石来自硫化物饱和、有经济价值的岩浆。现在的研究显示这种简单的对比会导致错误。将样品数据与模式曲线对比并反映出侵入体矿物结晶堆积特征是重要的方法。使用这一方法,样品数据能很好地被模式曲线拟合。以在VoiseysBay的研究为例,当硫化物液相与硅酸盐矿物被去除后,硫化物非饱和的分离作用期就会显现出来,随后是硅酸盐结晶作用期。     

Os, Pb, and Nd isotope geochemistry of the Permian Emeishan continental flood basalts: Insights into the source of a large igneous province

The nature of the source of continental flood basalts (CFB) is a highly debated topic. Proposed mantle sources for CFBs, including both high- and low-Ti basalts, include subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), asthenospheric mantle, and deep, plume-related mantle. Re-Os isotope systematics can offer important constraints on the sources of both ocean island basalts (OIB) and CFB, and may be applied to distinguish different possible melt sources. This paper reports the first Re-Os isotope data for the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) in Southwest China. Twenty one CFB samples including both low- and high-Ti basalts from five representative sites within the Emeishan LIP have been analyzed for Os, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions. The obtained Os data demonstrate that crustal assimilation affected Os isotopic compositions of some Emeishan basalt samples with low Os concentrations but not all of the samples, and the Emeishan basalts with high Os contents likely experienced the least crustal contamination. The low and high-Ti basalts yield distinct Os signatures in terms of ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os and Os content. The low-Ti basalt with the highest Os concentration (400 ppt) has a radiogenic Os isotopic composition (γOs(t), +6.5), similar to that of plume-derived OIB. Because the Os isotopic composition of basalts with relatively high Os concentrations (typically >50 ppt) likely represents that of their mantle source, this result implies a plume-derived origin for the low-Ti basalts. On the other hand, the high-Ti basalts with high Os concentration (over 50 ppt) have unradiogenic Os isotopic signatures (γOs(t) values range from −0.8 to −1.4), suggesting that a subcontinental lithosphere mantle (SCLM) component most likely contributed to the generation of these magmas. Combining Pb and Nd isotopic tracers with the Os data, we demonstrate that the low-Ti basaltic magmas in the Emeishan CFB were mainly sourced from a mantle plume reservoir, whereas the high-Ti basaltic magmas were most likely derived from a SCLM reservoir or were contaminated by a significant amount of lithospheric mantle material during plume-related magma ascent through the SCLM.