基于秒级探空资料的中国地区浮力频率分布

浮力频率用来描述大气层结稳定性,反映大气扰动强弱。利用2014年6月-2017年5月中国地区高垂直分辨率的秒级探空资料,分析了中国地区浮力频率的时空分布特征。结果表明:中国地区大气浮力频率总体随高度的增加而增大,低平流层值大于对流层值;对流层和低平流层中浮力频率随高度变化均较小可视为常数,过渡层浮力频率随高度变化较大,对流层中浮力频率受地形影响较平流层大。对流层中北方地区5 km高度以下的浮力频率随时间呈现出较弱的周期变化,周期为1年,峰值出现在冬季,南方地区随时间无明显变化;在过渡层中南北地区的浮力频率随时间均呈现出1年的周期变化,峰值出现在冬季,谷值出现在夏季;在低平流层中南北地区浮力频率随时间均无明显变化。浮力频率的大小变化对重力波参数有较大影响,秒级探空资料计算的的浮力频率和风速切变更精细,较常规探空资料更准确地反映大气稳定度的变化。     

螺旋藻多糖对给予环磷酰胺BALB/C小鼠的保护作用研究

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对环磷酰胺（ＣＹ）引起的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠造血功能等损伤的保护作用。当给小鼠ＣＹ时能同时给予ＰＳ时，就能大大减轻因给予ＣＹ经起的造血功能障碍；能明显减缓动物因使用ＣＹ的致的体重下降以及能明显减低因ＣＹ作用的死亡率，提示使用ＰＳ对预防或减轻化疗制剂的危害是具有明显作用的。为临床化疗、放疗病人使用ＰＳ提供了依据。     

The complex variable reproducing kernel particle method for two-dimensional elastodynamics

On the basis of the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM), a new meshless method, which is called the complex variable reproducing kernel particle method (CVRKPM), for two-dimensional elastodynamics is presented in this paper. The advantages of the CVRKPM are that the correction function of a two-dimensional problem is formed with one-dimensional basis function when the shape function is obtained. The Galerkin weak form is employed to obtain the discretised system equations, and implicit time integration method, which is the Newmark method, is used for time history analysis. And the penalty method is employed to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulae of the CVRKPM for two-dimensional elastodynamics are obtained. Three numerical examples of two-dimensional elastodynamics are presented, and the CVRKPM results are compared with the ones of the RKPM and analytical solutions. It is evident that the numerical results of the CVRKPM are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution, and that the CVRKPM has greater precision than the RKPM.     

中国海洋生物地球化学过程研究的最新进展

海洋是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,在地球系统中,其与大气、陆地紧密联系在一起,在调节全球气候等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。全球变化引起的海洋变化十分明显,现在已经能够观测到海洋的大尺度物理、化学和生物特征的变化,其中海洋食物链结构、海岸带富营养化和珊瑚礁退化最为     

基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型

采用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及函数间运算简化为普通的实数之间运算,建立基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型(ARA-SSTFN)。结果说明:以置信区间形式表示的ARA-SSTFN评价结果,比现有常规方法结果提供评价结果可靠性方面更多信息,能反映受多种不确定性因素综合影响的地下水环境系统综合风险评价客观实际情况;ARA-SSTFN在流域水资源、水环境和水旱灾害等有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性因素综合作用的各种资源环境系统综合风险评价问题中有推广应用价值。     

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比关系一直存有分歧.综合分析前人生物地层学资料,并结合同位素年代学,提出老公沟层、业南沟层、尖山沟层和冀北滦平盆地大店子组1~2段及3~4段下部相当,大康堡层可与大店子组3~4段上部对比,金刚山层与西瓜园组大致相当.     

Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.     

Effects of sea surface temperature, radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature: a two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study

The effects of sea surface temperature (SST), radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on the vertical structure of tropical tropospheric temperature are investigated by analyzing 10 two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data. The increase of SST, exclusion of diurnal variation of SST, and inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle, radiative effects of ice clouds, and ice microphysics could lead to tropical tropospheric warming and increase of tropopause height. The increase of SST and the suppression of its diurnal variation enhance the warming in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively, through increasing latent heat and decreasing IR cooling. The inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle increases the tropospheric warming through increasing solar heating. The inclusion of cloud radiative effects increases tropospheric warming through suppressing IR cooling in the mid and lower troposphere and enhancing solar heating in the upper troposphere. The inclusion of ice microphysics barely increases warming in the mid and lower troposphere because the warming from ice radiative effects is nearly offset by the cooling from ice microphysical effects, whereas it causes the large warming enhancement in the upper troposphere due to the dominance of ice radiative effects. The tropopause height is increased mainly through the large enhancement of IR cooling.     

北京一次冬季回流暴雪天气过程的数值分析

回流天气是华北地区冬、春、秋季节产生降雨（雪）的主要天气类型,预报员常常因对回流天气系统结构特征认识不足和诊断失误而导致预报的失败,是降雨（雪）预报的难点和重点。利用北京地区高分辨率快速循环同化中尺度数值预报系统（BJ-RUC）对2010年1月2—3日一次典型的回流暴雪天气过程进行模拟,分析数值模式的模拟能力,研究各层主要影响系统结构特征及形成暴雪的关键性条件,探讨典型回流暴雪天气过程的形成机理。主要结论为：数值模式对此次暴雪过程的近地面回流冷空气、中低层低值系统及变化特征、主要降雪时段和降雪量模拟效果较好,对降雪落区的模拟存在一定偏差。低层回流偏东风遇到地形后引起垂直运动主要在低层800 hPa以下,所产生的降雪量不大,而其与上游850～700 hPa低涡系统发展东移其前部的上升运动汇合所形成的大范围、深厚、强烈的上升运动是产生明显降雪的关键性条件。上游低涡系统前部西南暖湿气流相对应的大湿度区移近是产生较强降雪的重要条件。持续的低层回流冷空气湿度较大,对于低层大气起到水汽输送的作用。回流冷空气使低层大气维持长时间的水汽输送并与其上层东移的大湿度区相结合,增加湿层厚度,有利于降雪持续而形成较强降雪。降雪开始时间和降雪强度的变化与对流层中下转偏南风的时间和偏南风风速增大有关。     

海水温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫影响的模拟研究

为研究浒苔释放生源硫的特征,本文对采集于黄海绿潮中期和末期的浒苔进行了实验室模拟培养,探讨了不同温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫化物的影响。实验结果表明,在10~25℃温度范围内,温度升高能够加速浒苔的衰亡。二甲基硫（DMS）的平均释放速率范围为2.79~150.70 nmol/（L·g·d）,二甲基硫基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的平均释放速率范围为2.16~113.26 nmol/（L·g·d）。温度升高能够使DMS和DMSP的释放速率加快,释放量增加,DMS最大平均释放速率在25℃条件下比10℃条件下升高了约60%,培养液中DMS浓度升高了2~3倍。采集于绿潮末期的浒苔培养液中的DMS和DMSP和采集于绿潮中期的浒苔相比,浓度有所增加,采集于浒苔绿潮末期浒苔培养液中DMS的最高平均浓度为418.41 nmol/L,约为中期的4倍;DMSP的最高平均浓度为316.14 nmol/L,是中期的3倍。浒苔绿潮的爆发会对水体中的硫体系循环产生影响,进而影响该海域生态环境。