呼和浩特—包头盆地震源应力场状态分析

为了分析呼和浩特—包头盆地现今应力场状态,基于内蒙古地震台网记录的地震波形资料,运用振幅比方法获取2000—2016年该盆地及周边M_L≥2.7地震的震源机制解,计算其一致性参数,并反演区域应力场。结果表明,震源机制解特征主要表现为走滑特征,一致性参数空间分布处于低值状态,力轴方位基本与该区的应力场背景特征相符,即主压应力方位为北东、张应力方位为北西。     

An Improved Approach for Parameterizing Surface-Layer Turbulent Transfer Coefficients in Numerical Models

Based on classic iterative computation results, new equations to calculate the surface turbulent transfer coefficients are proposed, which allow for large ratios of the momentum and heat roughness lengths. Compared to the Launiainen scheme, our proposed scheme generates results closer to classical iterative computations. Under unstable stratification, the relative error in the Launiainen scheme increases linearly with increasing instability, even exceeding 15%, while the relative error of the present scheme is always less than 8.5%. Under stable stratification, the Launiainen scheme uses two equations, one for 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.08 and another for 0.08 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2, and does not consider the condition that Ri _B > 0.2, while its relative errors in the region 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2 exceed 31 and 24% for momentum and heat transfer coefficients, respectively. In contrast, the present scheme uses only one equation for 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2 and another equation for Ri _B > 0.2, and the relative error of the present scheme is always less than 14%.     

DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站测温故障排除方法与思路

文章通过DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现的一次气温、地温数据缺测故障,分析了DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现测温故障时的故障排除过程与排除思路,为保障技术人员在处理此类故障时提供了方法和依据。     

Test method for single interior right angle in a corner cube prism

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基于水质荧光指纹法的湖泊污染溯源研究——以太湖流域滆湖为例

随着社会经济和城市化进程的快速发展,湖泊水环境污染问题日益突出,加剧了湖泊原有功能的退化和丧失,因此污染治理成为了湖泊功能恢复和可持续发挥的必要条件,但如何实现污染精准溯源又是污染治理的重要前提。为此,本文以太湖流域滆湖为例,采用一种新兴技术——水质荧光指纹法开展湖泊污染溯源。于2021年累计采集滆湖周边70个农业、13个生活、3个企业排口的瞬时出水构建污染源荧光指纹库,连续12个月采集滆湖湖体8个样点水样分析水体荧光组分。通过平行因子分析共解析出4种污染源指纹和滆湖5种水体组分,经荧光相似度(塔克同余系数)分析进一步明确滆湖主要受到种植业面源、生活源和工业源的影响。此外,荧光强度与叶绿素a浓度和藻密度的强相关性表明藻类繁殖活动也会影响滆湖。从不同污染源对滆湖的时空影响特征来看,种植业面源主要在春、夏季影响西部、中部水域,生活源主要在夏、冬季影响西部、北部水域,工业源主要在特定月份(3 4月、10 12月)影响西部水域,藻类繁殖活动主要在夏季影响湖体。通过荧光组分与水质参数的时空相关性分析得到农业源和总磷、总氮,生活源和氨氮、有机物参数(BOD₅、COD_...     

Primary dolostone related to the Cretaceous lacustrine hydrothermal sedimentation in Qingxi sag, Jiuquan Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau

Based on comprehensive studies in petrography, petrofabric analysis and geochemistry, this paper describes a unique and rare laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone crystallized and precipitated from the alkaline hot brine under the conditions of the Mesozoic faulted lake basin. The main rock-forming mineral of this dolostone is ferruginous dolomite with a micritic structure. This dolomite mostly exhibits laminae of 0.1–1 mm thick and is often discovered with other minerals, such as albite, analcite, barite and dickite, which have at least two types of interbedded laminae. Petrogeochemistry reveals that this dolostone contains a large number of typomorphic elements of hydrothermal sedimentation, including Sb, Ba, Sr, Mn, and V. In addition, the LREE is in relatively high concentrations and possesses the typical REE distribution pattern with negative Eu anomaly. Oxygen isotope values (δ¹⁸O_PDB) range from 5.89‰ to 14.15‰ with an average of 9.69‰. The ratio of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is between 0.711648 and 0.719546, with an average of 0.714718. These data indicate that the depositional environment is a stable, blocked, anoxic low-lying hot brine pool in the bottom of deep lake controlled by basement faults. The hydrothermal fluid is the alkaline hot brine formed by the combination of the infiltration lake water and mantle-derived magmatic water, consisting of many ions, including Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺. Under the driving flow power of magmatic heat, gravity and compaction, the hydrothermal fluid overcame the overburden pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the lake water body, and boiled to explosion, and then the explosion shattered the original laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone near the vent and then formed a new type of dolostone called shattered “hydroexplosion breccias”. In the low-lying, unperturbed hot brine pool, far from the vent, the laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone was quickly crystallized and chemicals precipitated from the hydrotherm. This study of special rocks contributes to research into the causes of the formation of lacustrine carbonate rocks and dolostone. In particular, it provides new examples and research insights for future studies of the lacustrine dolomite from the similar Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in China.     

三疣梭子蟹和华溪蟹主要器官比较组织学的初步研究

近年来随着养殖业的发展,蟹类病害频繁发生,日趋严重。在开展病害研究过程中,由于三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus的SPF(无特定病原体)材料难于获得,而试验蟹的获得又受到养殖条件、养殖周期等因素的限制,因此阻碍了相关研究的开展,尤其是病毒学研究的进展。筛选一种可替代的模式生物,并开展相关研究显得尤为迫切。华溪蟹Sinopotamon和三疣梭子蟹亲缘关系较近,作为野生的蟹类容易获得,价格低廉,也容易在实验室条件下饲养。笔者在梭子蟹病原研究中发现,华溪蟹不带梭子蟹病原,但在实验条件下可感染相关病原,是开展此两类蟹病原体研究的较好实验动物,有必要开展这两种蟹的组织比较形态学的基础研究,以支持相关的应用研究。笔者经过对三疣梭子蟹和华溪蟹的组织石蜡切片观察发现,两种蟹的各组织器官结构基本相似,各组织结构都由4层构成,即粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。上皮细胞分泌物形成几丁质板,覆盖在上皮细胞表面。三疣梭子蟹的食管粘膜下层较发达。华溪蟹食管粘膜下层的肌层均相对较薄,食管腔较小。这两种蟹的胃壁结构无明显差别。在三疣梭子蟹的局部胃壁,可见嗜酸性几丁质层,上皮细胞顶部间有间隙,间隙中有一些嗜碱性物质。三疣梭子蟹肠粘膜下层不明显。华溪蟹的中肠非常细小,被肝胰腺等组织包裹,难以分离,管腔小,管壁外结缔组织少。两种蟹肝胰腺均由许多分枝的肝小管组成,小管间为结缔组织,血窦。肝小管由单层柱状上皮构成,高低不等,可以明显区分出分泌细胞、吸收细胞、储存细胞和胚性细胞4种形态的细胞,其功能也不同。三疣梭子蟹鳃轴基本弯曲,窄处鳃轴与鳃丝粗细相当,鳃丝和鳃小片间隔较大。华溪蟹鳃轴笔直延伸,窄处鳃轴明显粗于鳃丝,鳃丝间隔较小。两者鳃小片均由扁平上皮组成,外侧有薄层几丁质板。华溪蟹的鳃血管中可以明显看到较多染成红色的血细胞。三疣梭子蟹心肌纤维排列松散,线粒体较少,形态多样。华溪蟹心肌纤维排列致密,线粒体多呈群分布,且数量更多。心肌由梭形心肌细胞组成,有横纹,彼此相连成网,其周围有少量原生质。肌细胞的核呈棒状。     

Late Quaternary clay minerals off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea: Implications for source analysis and East Asian monsoon evolution

High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 450 ka during late Quaternary from Core MD05-2901 off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea are re-ported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. Variations in Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, while changes in smectite content present a higher frequency cyclicity. The provenance analysis indicates a mixture of individual clay minerals from various sources surrounding the South China Sea. Smectite derived mainly from the Sunda shelf and its major source area of the Indonesian islands. Illite and chlorite originated mainly from the Mekong and Red rivers. Kaolinite was provided mainly by the Pearl River. Spectral analysis of the kaolin-ite/(illite chlorite) ratio displays a strong eccentricity period of 100 ka, implying the ice sheet-forced win-ter monsoon evolution; whereas higher frequency changes in the smectite content show an ice sheet-forced obliquity period of 41 ka, and precession periods of 23 and 19 ka and a semi-precession period of 13 ka as well, implying the tropical-forced summer monsoon evolution. The winter monsoon evolution is generally in coherence with the glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with intensified winter monsoon winds during glacials and weakened winter monsoon winds during interglacials; whereas the summer monsoon evolution provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, with strengthened summer monsoon during higher insolation and weakened summer monsoon during lower insolation. The result suggests that the high-latitude ice sheet and low-latitude tropical factor could drive the late Quaternary evolution of East Asian winter and summer monsoons, respectively, implying their diplex and self-contained forcing mechanism.     

Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusionswith Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern China

There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small uitramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-PI-OI-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and iow-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limabe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basaits. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts.     

中国古代牧业社会骨制品的初步考察:以新疆巴里坤石人子沟遗址为例

考古遗址出土骨制品的研究对于揭示古代社会的动物资源获取和利用、手工业生产、社会组织结构等问题具有重要意义。国内骨制品研究目前多集中在农业区域,这些研究为探讨新石器时代至青铜时代的动物使用及其与社会发展、早期国家形成的关系等问题作出了重要贡献。然而,针对牧业社会骨制品的考察十分缺乏。新疆哈密地区巴里坤草原分布有大量古代牧业文化遗址,石人子沟遗址（43°31'12.8"~43°34'28.9"N,93°13'44.8"~93°16'49.1"E）是其中一处青铜时代晚期至铁器时代早期的大型聚落。本文从动物考古学视角研究该遗址2006年至2011年发掘出土的426件骨制品。结果显示,石人子沟遗址骨制品的原料主要为以羊（Ovis aries/Capra hircus）、马（Equus caballus）为主的家养动物和以鹿（Cervidae）为主的野生动物,其中羊的比例最高（69.7%）,鹿（13.8%）、马（2.3%）次之,这与中原地区青铜时代农业文化遗址的骨制品多以牛为原料的情况明显不同。羊在骨制品原料中占绝对多数且大量使用羊距骨制品的现象是对石人子沟遗址以牧业为主的生业经济方式的直接反映。石人子沟遗址不同类型骨制品的制作各具特点,但整体表现出"省时省力"的特点,即对使用部位细致打磨,对非使用部位仅做简单处理。与中原地区商周时期大型制骨作坊规范化、规模化、产业化的骨器生产不同,石人子沟遗址未见专门的制骨场所,骨制品生产的操作链条也并不完整。遗址的骨制品生产可能是以家庭为单元进行的,产品的专业化、精细化程度也相对较低。该研究填补了我国古代牧业文化遗址出土骨制品动物考古学专门研究的空白,为进一步探究我国古代不同区域、不同生业经济基础下的制骨手工业面貌提供了重要资料。